| 释义 |
▪ I. exception|ɛkˈsɛpʃən|
Forms: 4–7 excepcion, -cioun, 5–6 -cyon, 6 -tioun, 5– exception.
[a. AF. excepcioun (Fr. exception), ad. L. exceptiōn-em, n. of action f. excipĕre to except.]
1. The action of excepting (a person or thing, a particular case) from the scope of a proposition, rule, etc.; the state or fact of being so excepted. Const. from, to.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2653 Hypermnestra, Al ȝoure wille..I shal fulfille So it to me be non confusioun. I nele quod he have non excepcioun. c1400Rom. Rose 4087, I shalle defende it..Withouten ony excepcioun Of ech maner condicioun. 1561tr. Calvin's 4 Godly Serm. i. D j b, Here is no exception or pretence of preuelege. 1709Steele Tatler No. 92 ⁋1, I know no Manner of Speaking so offensive as that of giving Praise, and closing it with an Exception. 1832Lewis Use & Ab. Pol. Terms xi. 94 This exception of women and children from the whole community.
¶ The legal maxim, ‘Exception proves (or confirms) the rule in the cases not excepted’ (exceptio probat regulam in casibus non exceptis), which is in its original form an example of sense 1, is commonly quoted as ‘The exception proves the rule’, the n. being interpreted in sense 2.
[1617Collins Def. Bp. Ely 100 Indefinites are equivalent to vniversalls especially where one exception being made, it is plaine that all others are thereby cut off, according to the rule Exceptio figit regulam in non exceptis.] 1640G. Wats Bacon's Adv. Learn. viii. iii. Aph. 17 As exception strengthens the force of a Law in Cases not excepted, so enumeration weakens it in Cases not enumerated. 1662J. Wilson The Cheats Pref., I think I have sufficiently justify'd the Brave man even by this Reason, That the exception proves the rule. 1768Johnson Pref. to Shaks. Wks. (1787) IX. 269 The exception only confirms the rule. 1837Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 243 With a view of making (according to another of the expressions which I have heretofore found puzzling) one of those exceptions which confirm the rule. 1855Jowett Ess. 468 We may except one solitary instance (an exception which eminently proves the rule).
2. Something that is excepted; a particular case which comes within the terms of a rule, but to which the rule is not applicable; a person or thing that does not conform to the general rule affecting other individuals of the same class. Const. † from, to.
1483Caxton Cato I vj b, This rewle is generalle wythout any excepcion. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 20 Nothynge is more accommodate..to the nature of man, but it hath many cautions and excepcyons. 1590Swinburne Testaments 184 Of which rule, neuerthelesse there be diuers exceptions. 1639Fuller Holy War iii. xxiv. (1840) 162 Egypt was an exception from the rules of all other Countries. 1785Cowper Trioc. 841 Such rare exceptions, shining in the dark, Prove, rather than impeach, the just remark. 1829A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Adm. (1837) I. 280 Only a little exception from the amiable tenor of their conduct. 1839G. Bird Nat. Phil. 153 The only exceptions to this gradual diminution of the angle of declination, appear to have taken place in 1834. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. ii. (1858) 113 The Phenician cities sent forth their fleets. But they were the exception of the world.
b. the exception (predicatively): something abnormal or unusual; contrasted with the rule.
1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. 366 The possession of the gift..was the rule and not the exception. Mod. You occasionally get a comfortable bed; but it is quite the exception.
3. Phrases, partaking of senses 1 and 2. to make (an) exception; with (the) exception (of, that); without exception; † in exception to.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §34 Of comune, tretis of Astrolabie ne make non excepcioun wheyther the mone haue latitude, or non. c1430Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. xxiii, He was..without excepcioun, To speke of manhod, oon the best on lyve. 1529More Supplic. Soulys Wks. 303/2 Excepcion maketh he none, in this worlde. 1626W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 210 With exception of the crosse. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvi. 140 A Law that obliges all the Subjects without exception. 1735Pope Ep. Lady 275 Heav'n..Blends in exception to all gen'ral rules Your Taste of Follies, with our Scorn of Fools. 1777Priestley Matt. & Spir. (1782) I. xiv. 157 Here is no exception made of any part of the man that was not to die. 1778R. Lowth Isaiah, Notes 37 With exception..of certain ugly rings. 1780Burke Sp. Bristol. Wks. III. 364 Promises were made..without any exception or reserve. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1882) 73 With exception of one or two fundamental ideas. 1829Southey Sir T. More II. 300 In exception to the..general course of feeling. 1841Borrow Zincali I. i. 221 All those in Badajoz were very poor, with the exception of one man.
4. Law. [after L. exceptio in Roman Law; cf. except v. 2.]
a. A plea made by a defendant in bar of the plaintiff's action; in Scots Law = defence. peremptory exception: one tending to the dismissal of the action. dilatory exception: one tending to arrest its progress. declinatory exception: a dilatory exception consisting in a denial of the jurisdiction of the court.
b. An objection made to the ruling of a court in the course of a trial.
c. In Courts of Equity (obs. in England since 1875): An objection by the plaintiff to the defendant's answer as insufficient.
Bill of Exceptions: a statement of objections to the ruling or direction of a judge drawn up on behalf of the dissatisfied party, and submitted to a higher court. This procedure still exists in Scotland; in England it was abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873–5.
[c1250Bracton v. v. i, Sciendum quod exceptio est actionis elisio per quam actio perimitur vel differtur. 1292Britton ii. xvii. §1 En plusours maneres est ceste assise destourbe que ele ne soit tauntost prise, sicum par excepcioun peremptorie, sicum..et par exceptiouns dilatories.] 1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle i. xviii. (1859) 19 Were it so that..by thyn excepcyon I personelly shold not be herde in thys present Court. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 116 a, Hauing no exception, they were caried to Paris. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus i. 800 Charge him compeir..[With] exceptionis, and causis defensall (Gif he sic hes) that may himself supple. a1599Spenser State Irel. Wks. 1862. V. 323 [A fellon] may have fifty-six exceptions peremptory against the jurors. 1699Bentley Phal. 397 The Defendant makes his exception to the Indictment, because he did not call him ἀνδροϕόνον, which was the Word that was penal by Law. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. iv. 676 The first part of it was an exception to the authority of the Court. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 372 This bill of exceptions is in the nature of an appeal; examinable..in the next immediate superior court, upon a writ of error. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. s.v., Generally speaking, everything which one alleges for defending himself, and for eliding the action, is called an exception. 1877C. C. Langdell Equity Pleading §82 [If the plaintiff thinks the answer insufficient] he must except to it, i.e. specify in writing the parts of the bill which are not sufficiently answered; and thereupon the bill, answer, and exceptions are referred to a master.
†5. transf.
a. A plea tending to evade the force of an opponent's argument.
b. A formal objection (to a proceeding, a person's status or fitness for office, etc.). Obs.
1562Cooper Answ. in Def. Truth (1850) 52 Men that make exception to his possession, and claim the right thereof themselves. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 4 a, That these ill Hus-band-men the Iewes, should haue no credible or trueth⁓like exception left them (that they tooke him for a counterfeit). 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. ii. 25 'Tis positiue against all exceptions..That..our Pesants..were enow To purge this field of such a hilding Foe. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §25, I cannot but wonder with what exceptions the Samaritans could confine their beliefe to the Pentateuch. 1663Evelyn Diary (1827) II. 212 The chapel dore..was then set open for any to enter and give their exceptions. 1689Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 266 More time should have been allowed for their appearing to make their Exceptions.
†6. Objection, demur, faultfinding; an instance of this, an objection, adverse criticism, complaint. Obs. or arch. exc. in phrases: see 7.
1571Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 17 Many exceptions were made against them. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 4 To expose themselues to many exceptions and cauillations. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 143 Diogenes presently gaue it to his sweetheart Lysiodos, and shee without exception ware it. 1662Gunning Lent Fast 1 The Pharisees..came to our Saviour, and by way of exception said, ‘Why do the disciples of John..fast?’ 1667Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 245 Sir C. Sedley's exceptions against both words and pronouncing were very pretty. 1703Rules Civility 31 Fooling..which produces exception and quarrels many times. 1738Birch Milton's Wks., Life I. 18 The Exception to Milton's Piety relates to his being a Protestant. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 57 It being..unreasonable, that the lord should extend his protection to a person to whom he had exceptions.
†b. Dislike, dissatisfaction. Obs. rare.
1602Shakes. Ham. v. ii. 242 What I haue done That might your nature, honour, and exception Roughly awake, I heere proclaime was madnesse.
†c. A ground of objection; something that is or may be objected to. Obs.
1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 110 The disciples neade no open complaint of this their exception and scandall. 1645Direct. Lords & Com. 2 [For the election of Elders], In case no just exception, shall be proued against him. c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 247 Having no exceptions against the governor in his own person.
7. Phrases belonging to sense 6.
a. above exception, beyond exception, † greater than exception, without (all) exception: above, etc., cavil, reproach, or suspicion.
1475Caxton Jason 24 b, She that is veraily withoute ony excepcion. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 48 A grand Witnesse of their own, greater than exception. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. vii. 171, I produce two witnesses beyond exception. 1710Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. i. §10 Demonstrate beyond all exception. 1780Burke Sp. Bristol Wks. III. 388 He is a witness without exception.
b. liable, open, subject to exception.
1658Bramhall Consecr. Bps. vii. 156 An Adversaries Testimony..is subject to exception and makes no full proofe. 1765T. Hutchinson Hist. Col. Mass. I. 147 A declaration..which in some parts of it is liable to exception. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) I. p. v, The treatise of Nathaniel Bacon, itself open to much exception. 1835I. Taylor Spir. Despot. vi. 255 Motion..liable to the most serious exception. 1842W. Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 74 The applications I have made of these terms may be open to some exception.
c. to take (an) exception († exceptions) against, at, † of, to, † unto: to make objection to, find fault with, disapprove; also (chiefly with at), to take offence at. Formerly sometimes without prep., to take (an) exception: to make (an) objection, to object or complain (that).
Now only with the obj. an action, statement, quality, etc., not a person or material thing.
1542Hen. VIII Declar. Scots 204 The Scottis wyl take exception to the homages of theyr prynces. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 24 If any man take exception, and say, etc. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. v. ii. 3 Th. What saies Siluia to my suit? Pro. Oh Sir..she take exceptions at your person. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. vii. (1611) 196 Not able..to take any strong exception against. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. i. i. (1651) 232 Galen takes exception at Mutton. 1662J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 15 They took exceptions of the quality of Illustrissimo. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xii. (1704) III. 238 There were not two Persons..who did not take some exception to it. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Mark ii. 12 Observe, the exception which the scribes took against our Saviour. 1715T. Bennet Ess. 39 Art. 215 The animadvertor's stationer taketh exception, that I have printed all his book. 1822Edin. Rev. No. 74. 361 We must, as good Presbyterians take an exception to..the assertion. 1855Prescott Philip II, iv. (1857) 60 Some of the more haughty of the aristocracy did take exception at his neglecting to raise his cap to them. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 190 Exception has..been taken to these figures.
¶8. Erron. for acception. Cf. except v. 6.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. xx. 24 Forsothe bi excepcioun of persone he shal leese hymself. 1607Norden Surv. Dial. A iv b, With the sweat of thy face thou shalt eate they bread..And this without exception of persons.
▪ II. † exˈception, v. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. (AF. had excepcioner in sense 1).]
1. intr. To lodge or state an exception.
1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 184 There is no demurring, or exceptioning against his testimony.
2. trans. To except (in quot. pr. pple. used absol.: cf. excepting prep. 1).
1656Hobbes tr. Wallis in Six Less. iv. Wks. 1845 VII. 290 He was the worst geometrician of all mortal men, not exceptioning so much as Orontius. |