| 释义 |
▪ I. except, v.|ɛkˈsɛpt|
Also 4–6 excepte, 6 Sc. excep, 7 eccept, exept.
[ad. F. excepte-r, f. L. except- ppl. stem of excipĕre to take out, f. ex- out + capĕre to take. Cf. Pr. exceptar; the formally equivalent L. exceptāre had only the sense ‘to catch, take up’. AF. had exceper (Britton ii. xvi. §3, iv. iv. §1) app. ad. L. excipĕre.]
1. trans. To take or leave out (of any aggregate or collective whole); ‘to leave out and specify as left out’ (J.); to exclude (from an enumeration, the scope of a statement or enactment, a privilege, etc.); to leave out of account or consideration. Const. from, out of; also simply.
1530Palsgr. 541/2 He is the best of al his kynne, I excepte none. 1535Coverdale 1 Cor. xv. 27 He is excepted, which put all thinges vnder him. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. ii. iii. (1611) 59 All meates indifferent..were it not that God by name excepted some. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. i. 281 Within the Bond of Marriage, tell me Brutus, Is it excepted, I should know no Secrets That appertaine to you. a1656Bp. Hall Via Media Rem. Wks. (1660) 376 He hath given his law to all, [he] excepts no man..from salvation. 1680Baxter Answ. Stillingfl. xii. 20 He that marrieth Persons may not except the Husbands Power of Government. a1714Burnet Own Time II. 302 Another clause in the bill was liable to great objections: all the royal family were excepted out of it. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. I. 227 If you except corn and such other vegetables as are raised by human industry. 1824Scott St. Ronan's xxx, I hope you do not except yourself? 1882J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 196 He was excepted from the general pardon.
b. In pa. pple. excepted in the absol. const., and placed after the n. Cf. except pa. pple. 2.
1514Earl of Worcester in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 69 I. 234 He shall have ..as many [men] more..to serve his Grace ayenst any Prince leving noon reservid nor exceptid. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 72 His father the king excepted there is none whose honor I more tender and love. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 46 [The Ile] procreates nothing noteworthy, Salt excepted. 1769Robertson Chas. V, III. vii. 18 The whole kingdom, a small corner excepted, was subjected to the Turkish yoke. 1875Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xi. (ed. 5) 172 The Church excepted, no agent did so much to keep alive the memory of Roman institutions.
2. intr. To make objection; to object or take exception. Const. against (exceedingly common in 17th c.), † at, to. Also in indirect passive.[From the use of L. excipere (adversus aliquem) in Roman Law; the etymological notion being that of limiting the right alleged in an opponent's declaration by setting up a countervailing right in the defendant which excepts his case (see exception 4).] 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 246 He excepteth against Eusebius and his adherents, as open enemies. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. iii. 7 Mar. Sir Toby..your Cosin..takes a great exceptions to your ill houres. To. Why let her except. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 5 Sixtus..and Alphonsus..men not to be excepted against by them of Rome. 1620Bacon in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 259 III. 236, I may be allowed to except to the witnesses brought against me. 1647May Hist. Parl. ii. ii. 33 Parliament consented to all the Propositions; but the King excepted against one of them. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. 53 He excepts at Gassendus's animadverting on Aristotle's manners. 1713Steele Guardian No. 34 One..excepted to the gentility of Sir William Hearty, because he wore a frize coat. 1746Da Costa in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 406 As for the regular Figure of the Belemnites being excepted against, I believe few Fossilists will argument that. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (ed. 2) II. 50 The criminals who excepted against Cato were generally condemned. 1885Sir E. E. Kay in Law Times Rep. LII. 84/2 They had got their affidavit, to the sufficiency of which they did not except.
†b. transf. of a document. Obs.
1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 22 If the bill be foreign, a merchant draws two or three of the same..date, each of which excepts against the rest, that no more than one of them should be paid.
†3. trans. To offer or allege as an objection; to object. Const. with simple obj. or obj. clause, against, to. Obs.
a1592Greene Jas. IV, v. iv, O lawyer..Why thrive you by contentions? why devise you Clauses and subtle reasons to except? 1625Bacon Ess., Marriage (Arb.) 267 They have heard some talke; Such an one is a great rich Man; And another except to it; Yea, but he hath a great charge of Children. 1639Fuller Holy War ii. xxxix. (1840) 102 Others excepted, that this exception was nothing worth. 1680Burnet Rochester (1692) 96, I desired him to..see what he could except to them. 1753Stewart's Trial 267 The learned gentleman..has been pleased to except against this part of the evidence; that [etc.].
†4. To object to; to take exception to; to protest against. Obs. rare exc. in Shakes.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. i. 72 There I throw my gage..And lay aside my high bloods Royalty, Which feare..makes thee to except. c1600― Sonn. cxlvii, I desperate now approve Desire is death, which physic did except.
†5. In lit. sense: To take out, extract, excerpt.
1721Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xli. 315 The judgments of which two last are excepted out of the rest and printed in the History of the Reformation.
†6. To receive, accept. Obs. [A frequent sense of L. excipere; but in some at least of the examples the word is a mistake for accept.]
1393Gower Conf. III. 178 To the pouer and to the riche His [the king's] lawes mighten stonden liche, He shall excepte no persone. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xxxix, Her [fortune's] louring chere she may ryght sone chaunge, And you excepte and cal unto her grace. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 260 Her grace hath excepted my seruice. 1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Herald §157 (1877) 103 To except them (as they be) very lordes of the narowe sea. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 149 Which their offer he gladly excepted. 1635A. Stafford Fem. Glory (1869) 92 God so willing eccept my ejaculatory Prayrs.
absol.1597Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 1002 Quhat wald thou do, I wald we wist: Except, or giue us oure.
▪ II. except, pple., prep., and conj.|ɛkˈsɛpt|
Also 5–6 excepte, 5 Sc. excep.
[ad. L. except-us, pa. pple. of excipĕre: see except v.]
†A. pple. = excepted, pa. pple. of except v.
†1. As predicate (with the vb. to be) or as complementary obj.: Not included. Also occas., Exempted. Obs.
1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 63 He thoughte hym selfe excepte in this worlde fro the comon labur of men. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxlvii. 177 To this truse all parties were agreed, but Bretayne was clerely excepte. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 62 The greatest synner that is may attayne therto, and none be excepte. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xv. 22 Kynge Asa caused it be proclamed in all Iuda: Here be no man excepte.
†2. ? Accepted. Obs. (See except v. 6.)
(The old edd. read expert, which may be correct.)
c1400Rom. Rose 4291 She was except in his servise.
†3. In concord with a n. in the nominative absolute; = ‘(being) excepted’. Obs.
a. preceding the n. (See B. 1.)
b. following the n.
1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 394 Yf eny citezen fforen wolle..sue eny citezen denesyn for eny matere or cause done wt outforth..ples of lond only except. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. cx. 84 All other, as well of Brytons as of Saxons, faylyd, or lefte of, that allonly excepte. 1535Coverdale Acts xxvi. 29, I wolde to God that..I mighte persuade..the..to be soch as I am these bondes excepte. [Wyclif, out takun thes bondis; Vulg. exceptis vinculis his.] 1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 243 (Richard except) those whom we fight against, Had rather haue vs win, then him they follow. 1646E. F[isher] Mod. Divinity 7 Let all the fruits of Paradise be in thy power, one tree except. 1667Milton P.L. ii 678 God and his Son except, Created thing naught vallu'd he nor shun'd.
B. prep.
1. In ME., in the construction A. 3, the pple., like its synonym out-taken, might precede the n. When this collocation of a pple. ceased to be idiomatic, except became a prep., with the sense: Excepting, with the exception of, save, but.
Owing to the rarity of instances in which an inflected pron. takes the place of a n., it is impossible to say definitely how soon the change in the grammatical character of the word took place, but it had prob. begun before 16th c. Cf. Fr. excepté and hormis, which are now treated as preps. Possibly the word was something taken as the imperative of except v.; cf. excipe in the Eton Latin Syntax.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ix. 140 Alle shal deye..Excepte one⁓liche of eche kynde a couple [A. x. 169 out-taken Eihte soules and of vche beest A couple]. c1470Henry Wallace v. 1026 Thai entryt in, befor thaim fand no ma, Excep wemen. 14..Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 58 In y⊇ feyldes and in y⊇ more..and in all othyr places, excepptt severall of y⊇ lorde. 1560Whitehorne Arte Warre (1573) 83 b, No Capitayne will lye neere the enemie except hee that is disposed to fighte the fielde. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. i. 91 France is reuolted from the English quite, Except some petty Townes. 1655W. F. Meteors iii. 56 Old Wives are wont to say that no night in the year except one, passeth without Lightning. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xix, The rabble of mankind..know nothing of liberty except the name. 1860Dickens Uncomm. Trav. iii, Everybody else in the room had fits, except the wardswoman. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 291 There where we go shall all be new to thee Except the love that thou hast won from me.
†2. Leaving out of account; hence, in addition to, besides, as well as. Obs. rare.
1578Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 27 Excepte fleshe, fishe and eldinge..this Ile hes a pasture..that may feid sum wethiris. 1756T. Amory J. Buncle (1770) I. 101 Except hours of sleep, we were rarely from each other.
†3. Without. Obs. rare—1.
1588J. Mellis Briefe Instr. F v b, Neuer enter any parson in your booke..except the consent of the same person.
C. conj.
1. Introducing a predicative clause expressing a fact that forms an exception to the statement made. Now only in full form except that (in which except looks like a prep. with sentence as obj.); in 16–17th c. that was sometimes omitted. Cf. Fr. excepté que.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 260 Then there came..men of estate out of the good Townes of Flaundyrs, except out of Gaunt there came none. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iv. 6 Rich. What store of parting tears were shed? Aum. Faith none for me: except the Northeast wind..Awak'd the sleepie rhewme, and so by chance Did grace our hollow parting with a teare. 1601― All's Well iv. iii. 300 More of his souldiership I know not, except in that Country, he had the honour to be the Officer..to instruct for the doubling of files. Mod. The cases are quite parallel, except that A. is a younger man than B.
2. Introducing a hypothetical clause expressing a supposed case in which an exception will or may exist; = ‘unless’, ‘if not’.
†a. in full form except that, except that if. Obs. rare.
1513More in Harding's Chron. (1543), This is my minde..excepte that any of you my Lordes anye thinge perceaue to the contrarye [The reading is doubtful; Rastell's text (More's Wks. 1557 I. 48) omits that]. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxii. 257 He shall leaue them entierly to us, excepte that if y⊇ Frenche kynges had theym by exchaunge for other landes.
b. as simple conj. The use of subjunct. or indic. follows the same rules as with if.
14..Customs of Malton in Surtees Misc. (1890) 59 Exceppvd thay haffe prisoners for to delyver. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 1 Harde it is for any persone..to perceyue the..dryfte of this treatyse..excepte they rede before..the two fyrst bokes. 1531Act. 23 Hen. VIII, i. §4 Every such person..shall..abide in perpetuall prison.. Except onely such person.. do fynde two sufficiente suerties. 1641Winthrop New Eng. (1826) II. 43 He..said he would not go off the bench except he were commanded. 1678C. Hatton in Hatton Corr. (1878) 163, I desire not to meddle with y⊇ mother, except yr Loppe will take y⊇ boys. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 252 Except my memory fails me, these are all. 1754Richardson Grandison (1781) IV. xix. 149 Nobody knows of the matter, except he has complained to my Brother. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xciv, In vain shalt thou..call The spirits..Except..thou too canst say, My spirit is at peace with all. 1872G. W. Dasent Three to One I. 219 She never offered any one advice, except it were asked of her.
c. After except conj. the phrases it be, it were, etc., are often used instead of repeating the principal verb.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. i. 43 Ne're throughout the yeere to Church thou go'st, Except it be to pray against thy foes. a1674Milton (Webster 1864), Except it be because her method is so glib and easy. 1812Southey Lett. (1856) II. 252 No drama..will be [written] except it be by the same hand.
3. Followed by an adv., phrase, or clause expressing the particular manner, degree, time, place, means, purpose, attendant circumstance, etc., with regard to which the proposition is not applicable: Otherwise (or elsewhere, etc.) than.
This construction may be regarded as an instance of the use of the prep. (see B. 1) with advb phrase as obj., for which cf. expressions like ‘The cause was tried in London instead of as York.’ It may, however, have arisen from 2 by ellipsis: cf. similar use of unless.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 53 The ordering whereof (except in Letters Excusatorie or Defensorie) is wholly exempted the course in those Letters prescribed. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. i. 12, I would not change this hue, Except to steale your thoughts my gentle Queene. 1654Fuller Triana iii, He..affirms her disease mortal, except one herb procured for her, etc. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxiv, Nor do I know how to prevent the course of justice, except by paying the money myself. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague i. iii, A lone castaway..Who hopes no resting⁓place except in heaven. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. xi. 632 Society can have no hold on any class except through the medium of their interests. 1868C. Clarke Relig. & Duty 70 The Apostle counted himself weak except as strengthened by the Spirit of God. 1877F. Hall Eng. Adj. in -able 161 Rely, Except metaphorically, has not a personal reference. Mod. The city was strongly fortified on all sides, except here.
b. except for: exception being made for, were it not for, but for. |