| 释义 |
exceed, v.|ɛkˈsiːd|
Also 4–6 excede, 6 exceade, -ced, 6–7 exceede.
[ME. exceden, ad. F. excēder, ad. L. excēd-ĕre to go out, exceed, etc., f. ex- out + cēdĕre to go.
The trans. use, somewhat rare in Latin, is the only one preserved in the Romanic langs. In Eng. the intr. senses appear to be developed from the transitive.]
1. trans. To pass out of (boundaries, etc.); to transcend the limits of; to proceed beyond (a specified point). Also, rarely, to project beyond. Obs. or arch.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. v. 169 Wit and ymaginacioun ne mowen nat strecchen..hem self to knowynge of vniuersalite for þat þe knowyng of hem ne may exceden..þe bodyly figure. 1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iv. xxiii. (1483) 69 That fyre..excedeth nought thyne owne subtyle persone ne in dedely bodyes this fyre hath no power. 1655–60Stanley Hist. Chald. Philos. (1701) 1/1 But the Philosophy of the Chaldæans, exceeded the Bounds of their Country, and diffused it self into Persia. 1700Pennsylv. Archives I. 135, I am to Complain of one Capt. Barford, who has exceeded all bounds. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 155 Uncover the Clod, and trim the straggling Roots that exceed it. Ibid. 207 Bury them..so that they may a little exceed the Surface of the Wall on both Sides. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. p. xii, The Egyptian accounts exceed not only the times of the Deluge, but the æra of the world. 1788T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 370, I..shall pursue the course of the Rhine as far as the roads will permit me, not exceeding Strasburg. 1862G. C. Lewis Astron. Ancients 111 note, Cleomedes lays it down that the planets never exceed the zodiac.
†b. To transgress (a law). Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 284 Lust of love excedeth lawe. 1794S. Williams Vermont 360 Laws respecting their increase..which cannot be exceeded.
c. To go beyond, do more than is warranted by (a privilege, right, commission, etc.).
1542Hen. VIII Declar. Scots 195 Liberty was gyuen to the ambassadours to excede their commission. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. viii. 4 Do not exceede The Prescript of this Scroule. 1883Law Rep. Q. Bench XI. 595 The defendant by uttering the words complained of exceeded his privilege as an advocate. 1891Ibid. Wkly. Notes 72/2 The arbitrators had exceeded their jurisdiction in awarding that the applicant should pay the costs.
2. To be greater than. Const. by.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §23 Rikne how manye degrees that the first altitude of A excedeth his seconde altitude. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 47 He may esteme what sume thay [charges] be not like to excede. 1637Decree Star Chamb. §27 in Milton Areop. (Arb.) 21 Prouided, that they exceede not the number of foure. 1729Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 15 The cares and disappointments of ambition for the most part far exceed the satisfactions of it. 1797T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 15 The male [Merlin] scarcely exceeding the size of a Blackbird. 1821Shelley Epipsych. 181 If you divide pleasure and love and thought, Each part exceeds the whole. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 420 Boys and girls..created wealth exceeding what was necessary for their own subsistence by twelve thousand pounds a year.
b. To be too great for; to surpass, overtask.
1596Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 51 Such chaunces oft exceed all humaine thought. 1635N. R. tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. i. 2 Such grief..as did exceede all consolation. 1735Pope Prol. Sat. 36 To be grave, exceeds all Pow'r of face. 1765Bp. Law Theory of Relig. i. (ed. 5) 11 note, Perhaps it exceeds the power of human understanding to decide where mechanism ends.
3. To surpass, outdo; to be superior to. Now chiefly const. in; formerly for, of.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. ix. 779 A Dochter..Ðat excedyt of Bewte All þe Ladys of þat Cuntre. c1500Lancelot 1173 O knycht..Whois manhed can al otheris to exced. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 22 They exceade all other men in bignesse of bodie. 1641Wilkins Math. Magick i. ix. (1648) 60 This latter engine does so far exceed all other contrivances to this purpose. 1653Walton Angler i. 20 In that Psalm..the Prophet David seems even to exceed himself. 1735Pope Ep. Lady 170 She..Observes how much a Chintz exceeds Mohair. a1845Hood Stag-eyed Lady i, There was one [act] in pity might exceed The sack of Troy. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lx, Some poor girl whose heart is set On one whose rank exceeds her own.
†4. intr. To pass the bounds of propriety; to go too far; to break out. Obs.
c1470Henry Wallace iii. 293 Thow excedis to that knycht Fer mayr be treuth than it is ony rycht. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 303 b, The tyrauntes began more outragyously to excede in all fury and woodnes. 1611Bible Job xxxvi. 9 Then he sheweth them their work, and their transgressions that they have exceeded. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 48 His Subjects will exceed..in some vitious Liberty, to abate their griefe. 1758S. Hayward Serm. xvii. 543 You cannot possibly exceed in your love to him.
b. To pass the limits of truth; to exaggerate.
1717Berkeley Tour Italy 21 May Wks. IV. 543 Said to contain about 4000 souls. They seem to exceed in the numbers of this town. 1815J. W. Croker in C. Papers (1884) I. iii. 71, I believe I exceed when I say there were 200 persons assembled.
5. To be preëminent, whether in a good or bad sense; to bear the palm; to be greater or better than, surpass others; to preponderate. † to exceed above: = sense 3.
1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 56 Aboue alle thyng that may be conceyued of any mannys mynde, hyt excedeth of cruelnes and dedly tormenting. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xi. iv, Phebus above all sterres in lyght..Dothe exceede. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 229 The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed. 1599― Much Ado iii. iv. 17 Marg. I saw the Dutchesse of Millaines gowne. Her. O that exceedes they say. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xi. 48 An Emulation of who shall exceed in benefiting. 1654Ashmole Chym. Collect. 21 One of the Contraries exceeding destroies the rest. 1674Dryden State of Innocence v. i, Justice must punish the rebellious deed; Yet punish so, as pity shall exceed. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 76 Men always choose the life which exceeds in pleasure.
b. To abound, teem with.
1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 23 The river exceedeth with abundance of fish.
6. Chiefly in Cambridge use: To have more than usual at a meal; to have extra or holiday fare. Cf. exceeding 2 a. Also of the ‘commons’ (food): To be in extra quantity.
c1590Greene Fr. Bacon ix (1630) 39 This day shall be a festiuall day with me: For I shall exceed in the highest degree. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Wit at sev. Weapons i. ii, Sir, these fellows may pray for you; you have made the scholar's commons exceed to-day. 1626Meade in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 328 III. 231 Dr. Pask made his colledge exceed that night.
¶7. To issue, proceed. Obs. rare1.
1607Topsell Serpents (1608) 817 All the hinderance and let [to breeding] is found to exceed of cold. |