| 释义 |
▪ I. exasperate, pa. pple. and ppl. a.|ɛgˈzɑːspəreɪt, -æ-|
[ad. L. exasperāt-us, pa. pple. of exasperāre: see exasperate v.]
†A. pa. pple.; in various senses of the vb. Obs.
1540–1Elyot Image Gov. (1549) 160 Wherwith thei beeyng exasperate..wente vnto two gentilmen dwellyng hereby. 1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde 119 Yf it be so that the cough haue exasperat and made rough the tounge. 1585Lloyd Treas. Health H viij, Apply vnto the head beyng shauen: mustarde seed, & the skynne shalbe exasperate and the rewme dryed. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. vi. 38 This report Hath so exasperate their King, that hee Prepares for some attempt of Warre. 1609Holland Amm. Marcel xiv. v. 8 This rigor of his..was much more exasperate by information given of certain offensive crimes.
B. ppl. a.
1. Bot. Rough; covered with short stiff points.
1866in Treas. Bot. 1884in Syd. Soc. Lex.
2. = exasperated 2 and 3. arch.
1601Holland Pliny (1634) II. 211 Some diseases would be more exasperat and angry. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. i. 34 Ther. Do I curse thee? Patr. Why no.. Ther. No? why art thou then exasperate? 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 79 Matters grew more exasperate betweene the two kings of England and France. 1795Southey Joan of Arc ii. 190 To the exasperate patience of the foe [we opposed] Desperate endurance. 1854Tait's Mag. XXI. 167 He pours out the whole full flood, fiery and exasperate, of his emotions. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iv. 177 Swallows which the exasperate dying year Sets spinning in black circles.
▪ II. exasperate, v.|ɛgˈzɑːspəreɪt, -æ-|
Also 6–7 exasperat.
[f. L. exasperāt- ppl. stem of exasperāre to roughen, irritate, f. ex- (see ex- prefix1) + asper rough.]
†1. To make harsh or rugged; to add harshness to (language, sounds, etc.); to render (laws) more severe. Obs.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 177 Cadences bound with the fourth or seuenth..being in long notes will exasperat the harmonie. 1634H. R. Salerne Regim. 155 Nuts..exasperate the voyce and make it like a Cranes voyce. 1643Milton Divorce ii. xvii, Not considering that the Law should be exasperated according to our estimation of the injury. 1651W. G. tr. Cowel's Inst. 264 So great hath been the bloody wickednesse of these times, that this Law hath been somewhat more exasperated. 1692Christ Exalted 99 Our Translators do rather mollifie, than exasperate, the word timeas, and say, Thou hast aborred. 1765Beattie On Churchill 87 Did hate to vice exasperate thy style, No—Bufo match'd the vilest of the vile.
2. To increase the fierceness or violence of (a disease, pain, appetite, etc.). Now with mixed notion of 3, 4.
1611Cotgr., Aigrun, any thing that encreases, or exasperates, a disease, or sore. a1677Barrow Serm. in Beauties of B. (1846) 59 Rubbing the sore doth tend to exasperate and inflame it. 1710T. Fuller Pharm. Extemp. 197 All the other Symptoms will be exasperated by the tumult which Evacuations cause. 1783P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. II. 311 Scirrhus or cancer..was exasperated, and made worse by it. 1843Prescott Mexico (1874) II. 347 Two injuries on the head, one of which was so much exasperated by fatigue. 1850Lynch Theoph. Trinal v. 83 If we do not heed the claim of the different appetites..we exasperate them.
†b. To make more grievous or painful; to aggravate. Also, to represent as worse; to exaggerate, magnify. Obs.
1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 36 He speaketh modestly, least by exasperating ouermuch the sinne and errour in the faythfull, he should discourage them vtterly. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. (1605) 167 Why didst thou..Create These harmefull Beasts, which but exasperate Our thorny life? 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vii. xvii. 376 Judas..having sinned beyond aggravation, and committed one villany which cannot bee exasperated by all other. 1651Reliq. Wotton. 33 Not to exasperate the Case of my Lord of Southampton. 1681Lond. Gaz. No. 1625/1 They of Liege do every day more and more exasperate things. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 73 ⁋5 This visionary opulence..exasperated our necessities.
3. To embitter, intensify (ill-feeling, passion, wickedness.) Now chiefly with mixed notion of 4. Also, in good sense: † To heighten (courage).
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. ii. 26 b, That..the vngodlines of Herode..might more and more be exasperated. 1614Raleigh Hist. World II. iv. vii. §i. 248 The Roman Dictator..to exasperate his souldiers courage, threw their owne ensignes amidst the enemies. 1677Otway Titus & Berenice iii. i, Why come you thus, t'exasperate my Despair? 1773Johnson in Boswell 1 May II. 107 The pride of a common man is very little exasperated by the supposed usurpation of an acknowledged superior. 1794Paley Evid. ii. ix. §3 (1817) 265 These feuds were exasperated by the mutual persecutions of the Jews and Christians. 1855Prescott Philip II, I. iv. vii. 490 His naturally wild and headstrong temper was exasperated by disease.
4. To irritate (a person); to provoke to anger; to enrage, incense. Const. to, also to with inf.
1534More Let. Marg. Roper Wks. 1429/2, I should..but further exasperate hys highnes. 1586Jas. VI, in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 224 III. 19 If I shall persist in that course ye shall rather be exasperattet to passionis in reading the uordis. 1625Shirley Traitor iv. i, I did exasperate you to kill or murder him. 1768Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 II. 367 The poor are..exasperated against the rich, and excited to insurrections. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. iv. Wks. (Globe) 670/1 You know my hasty temper, and should not exasperate it. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. iv, The burghers..were greatly exasperated at the unexpected respite. 1819Shelley Cenci ii. ii. 37 Thus he is exasperated to ill. 1867Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Progr. Culture Wks. (Bohn) III. 236 In England..the game laws..exasperated the farmers to carry the Reform Bill.
refl.1547Boorde, Brev. Health, Pref. 2 a, Exasperate not yourselfe agaynste me for makynge of this lytle volume of Phisycke. 1871Smiles Charac. vi. (1876) 175 We shall not mend matters by exasperating ourselves against them.
absol.1606G. W[oodcocke] tr. Justin's Hist. 100 a, Phillip exasperated what he could do, to perswade the Etolians to ioyn warre with him. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 254 Not knowing whether such a deniall might satisfie or exasperate. 1645Milton Tetrach. Ded., Those who ceased not to exasperate without cause.
b. transf.
1654R. Codrington tr. Justin's Hist. 67 Injury on this side, and indignitie on the other side did exasperate their swords. 1865Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lxiii. 30 The stream..foams in a furious torrent, exasperated by the rocky ledges which at some points intercept its course.
†5. To irritate physically; to render sore, chafe.
1552Huloet, Exasperate, vlcero. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. clxxiii. 494 Though it [myrrh] doth cleanse much, yet it doth not exasperate the arteries. 1621Venner Tobacco (1650) 411 Not sucking it with a sudden or strong attraction: for then it will exasperate the winde pipe. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts 105 The Mugil, being somewhat rough and hard-skinned, did more exasperate the gutts of such offenders.
†6. intr.
a. Of persons: To become enraged or incensed. Cf. 4.
b. Of things: To become worse or more serious. Cf. 2 b.
c. Of a disease, etc.: To increase in violence or severity. Cf. 2. Obs.
1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 94 The more his external wounds healed, the more did his internall exasperate and fret. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. ii. 18 Notwithstanding..that matters began to exasperat more and more..he would abate nothing. 1659Heylin Animadv. in Fuller Appeal (1840) 339 The University of Oxford frequently quarrelled and exasperated, upon slight occasions.
a1734North Life Ld. Guildford 83 The Distemper exasperated, till it was manifest she could not last many Weeks. |