| 释义 |
exactor|ɛgˈzæktə(r)|
Also 4 exactoure, 5–7 exactour, 7 exactore.
[a. L. exactor, agent-n. f. exigĕre: see exact v. and -or. Cf. exacter.]
1. One who exacts: (in Lat. senses)
a. An officer who levies or collects tribute, taxes, or customs; a tax-collector. arch.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 259/2 The popes exactors went about to extort from the Churchmen the fift part of their goods. 1611Bible Isa. lx. 17, I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactours righteousnesse. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (ed. 3) I. iii. 99 note, The word [Reeve], under the form of Grieve, has changed from a public to a private exactor.
†b. An officer of justice (see quot.). Obs.
1388Wyclif Deut. xvi. 18 marg., Exactours ben thei that enqueren the truthe bi mesurable betingis and turmentis; and performen the sentence of iugis. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Luke xii. 58 Lest..the iudge deliuer thee to the exactour [1611 officer] and the exactour cast thee into prison.
c. One whose duty it is to enforce the performance of work; a taskmaster.
1609Bible (Douay) Ex. v. 6 He commanded in that day the overseers of the workes and the exactores of the people. 1611― Job xxxix. 7 Neither regardeth he the cry of the driver [marg. exactor].
2. One who makes illegal or unjustifiable exactions; an extortioner, oppressor.
1382Wyclif Zech. ix. 8 The exactoure, or the vniust axer, shal na more passe vpon hem. c1530H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture in Babees Bk. 106 Bee not an exactour of another man. 1586T. B. La Primaud Fr. Acad. i. (1594) 624 Provided..he become not prodigall, which would soone make him an exactor. 1650tr. Caussin's Ang. Peace 45 No force of treasure is comparable to the greedinesse of the exactours themselves. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. vii. 604 Whatever it was the pleasure of the exactor to take. 1833I. Taylor Fanat. v. 108 The warfare against ghostly exactors.
3. One who demands, lays claim to, or insists upon (something) as a matter of right; often with the added notion of excess. Const. of.
a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. vi. §2 (1622) 42 As they reposed great Religion in an oath, in respect of the Actor: so did they likewise, in respect of the Exactor. 1648Eikon Bas. 146 The will of my Enemies seems to be their onely rule..their success the exactor of what they please to call justice. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals ii. iii. 197 He was then an exactor of certain punctilioes. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 193 ⁋6 There are unmerciful exactors of adulation, who withhold the wages of venality. 1828Southey in Q. Rev. XXXVII. 218 So severe an exactor of accuracy..ought to be more observant of it himself. 1875A. R. Hope My Schoolboy Friends 10 As the exactor of tasks.
fig.1642J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justific. 83 Moses his Law is a severe exactor. |