| 释义 |
▪ I. thack, n. Now dial.|θæk|
Forms: 1 þæc, 4 þak, þakke, 4–6 (9 dial.) thak, 5 thakk(e, 5–6 (9 dial.) thake, 5–7 thacke, 6 thecke, thaec, 6– thack (9 Sc. theck).
[Com. Teut.: OE. þæc = WFris. thek, OLG. *þak (MDu. dac (dāke), Du., MLG., LG. dak), OHG. dach, dah, thah (MHG., Ger. dach) roof, ON. þak roof, thatch (Sw. tak, Da. tag):—OTeut. *þakom, f. root þek- to cover, Indo-Eur. teg-, in L. teg-ĕre to cover, tog-a covering, gown, tug-urium hut, cottage, Gr. τέγ-ος, στεγ-ή roof, στέγ-ειν to cover; Lith. stogas roof; OIr. teg, Irish and Gael. tigh house. See thatch v.]
†1. The roof of a house or building. Obs.
a900Cynewulf Christ 1503 Þæt hi under eowrum þæce mosten in-ᵹebuᵹan. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. viii. 8 Drihten nam ic wyrðe þ̶ ðu ga under þacu minne. Ibid. xxiv. 17 Seþe on þæce siæ ne stiᵹað he niðer. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxxviii. 4 Þam þe on huses þæce heah aweaxeð. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14689 In eueses þey [sparrows] crepte, & in þe þakkes. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xxxvii. 156 They ought to mounte up to the wyndowes of the houses and upon the thakkes. 1513Douglas æneis iv. xii. 53 Spreding fra thak to thak, baith but and ben. 1524Ld. Dacre Let. to Wolsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 249 Ald Howses wherof the thak and covereings ar taken awey. 1526in T. West Antiq. Furness (1805) 133 The said tenant to keep his hous tennantable, upon his own charges, with thake and walle.
2. That with which the roof of a house or the like is covered to protect it from the weather; spec. the covering of straw, reeds, or the like disposed so as to carry off the rain: = thatch n. 1.
a900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. viii. [x.] (1890) 180 Þæs huses hrof..wæs mid ᵹyrdum awunden & mid þæce beþeaht. Ibid. xiv. [xvi.] (1890) 202 On beamum & on ræftrum & on waᵹum & on watelum & on ðeacon. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 136 Ða tear þæt hors þæt ðæc of ðære cytan hrofe. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 732/23 Hectectura, thak. 1486Nottingham Rec. III. 244 Thak þat the grete wynde blewe of þe house. a1500Chaucer's Dreme 1773 That they would ever in houses of thacke, Their lives lead. 1530Palsgr. 280/1 Thacke of a house, chaume. 1578Banister Hist. Man i 1 To be well aduised..before he lay on Thack, Tile,..or Plaster. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 138 One to drawe thacke, and the other to serve the thatcher. 1721Ramsay Ode to Mr. F― 30 Wa's of divots, roof'd wi' thack. 1815Scott Guy M. viii. Ye have riven the thack off seven cottar houses. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede x, It puts me i' mind o' the swallows as was under the thack last 'ear. Mod. north. dial. Wet as thack.
(In Eng. Dial. Dict. from Scotl. to Oxfordsh., Berksh., and from Worcester to E. Anglia.)
b. The covering of properly disposed straw with which the sloping top of a stack of corn or hay-rick is thatched. thack and rape (Sc.), this thatching and the straw rope with which it is secured: often used allusively.
1786Burns Brigs of Ayr 26 An thack and rape secure the toil-won crap. 1816Scott Antiq. xxvi, He kens..wha feeds him, and cleeds him, and keeps a' tight, thack and rape. Ibid. Gloss., Under thack and rape means snug and comfortable. 1896Speaker 3 Oct. 353/1 All is secured in the cornyard under ‘thack and raip’.
3. transf. Covering (in quot. = skin).
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxvii. (Vincencius) 276 Þane of þe frame he bad hym tak, Þat hale had nothir lith na þak.
4. attrib. and Comb., as thack-roof; thack-board, a wooden roofing tile, a shingle; thack-broach = thack-pin, thack-prick, broach n.1 5; thack divot (dowat) = thack turf; thack-gate (Sc.): see quot.; thack house, a thatched house; thack-lead, lead with which a roof is covered; thack-nail, -peg, -pin, a sharpened pin or peg used in fastening the thatch on a roof; thack-prick, -prod, a sharpened wand or stick for the securing of thatch; thack-rape (Sc. and north. dial.), a rope (usually of twisted straw) used in fixing the thatch on a rick or cottage roof; thack-stone, a thin flat stone (e.g. Stonesfield slate) used for roofing; thack-tile [OE. þæctiᵹile; cf. G. dachziegel], a roofing tile; thack turf, a roofing turf or sod.
1354Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 91 In ccc de *thakbord' emp. pro stauro ecclesiæ. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 126 (MS. E.) For fyre all cleir Soyn throu the thak [v.r. thik] burd can appeir. 1418in Rogers Agric. & Pr. (1882) III. 402/1 Norwich, Thackboard. 1447–8Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 186 In repar. molendini..in Cma Thakborde.
1573in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 208 Hookes & eies with *thackbroches.
1504Acc. Ld. H. Treas. Scot. II. 424 For theking of divers houses with *thak dowat.
1825Jamieson, *Thack-gate, the sloping edge of the gable-tops of a house, when the thatch covers them; in contradistinction from the wind-skews that are raised higher than the thatch.
1582–8Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 209 He exposit..sum of his souldiors to sum *thak housses besyd the West Port, in a windie nyght, and pat the same in fyre. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. ii. i, A snug thack house, before the door a green. 1894Northumbld. Gloss., ‘Thack hoose’—a thatched house.
1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 214 Capper and *thack-lead aff were tane.
1846Brockett N.C. Words (ed. 3), *Thack-nail, *Thack-peg, *Thack-pin, a wooden pin or stob used in fastening thatch to the roof of a building.
1828Craven Gloss., *Thack-pricks, sharpened twigs for the securing of thatch.
1876Whitby Gloss., *Thack-reeaps, the cords for securing the thatch. 1887Suppl. to Jamieson, Thack-rape.
1442Calverley Charters (1904) 253, j acre of soile..where he may gett and tak *thakstone. 1621Sc. Acts Jas. VI, c. 26 (1816) IV. 627/1 To thaick þe same againe wt Sklait, or skailȝee, leade, tyild, or Thackstone. 1880A. L. Ritchie Ch. St. Baldred 37 The roof of the east end of Whitekirk Church is covered with thackstones.
c725Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1043 Imbricibus, *þæctiᵹilum. 1477Act 17 Edw. IV, c. 4 Pleintile, autrement nosmer thaktile, roftile, ou crestile. 1610W. Folkingham Art of Survey 4 Gallic and Thacke Tiles. c1800S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. (1803) 279 In Yorkshire they call bricks wall tile, and tiles thack tile.
1576in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1580. 20/1 Pro 108 oneribus focalium..et *thak turffis.
▪ II. thack, v.1 Now dial.|θæk|
Forms: 5–6 (9 dial.) thak, 6 thacke, 7 thake, Sc. thaick, 6– thack.
[app. partly (in form thake) from OE. þacian, f. þæc thack n. (so MHG., Ger. dachen to roof, from dach): cf. Sc. mak, tak, for make, take; but thak, thack, may also have been a later formation from the n. See also thatch v., theek v.]
1. intr. To put thatch on houses; = thatch v. 5.
a1100Gerefa in Anglia (1886) IX. 261 Me mæcg in Agusto and Septembri and Octobri ðacian, ðecgan and fald weoxian. 1486Nottingham Rec. III. 247 Paid to a thakker thakkyng on þe same barne. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §27 To mowe theyr stubble, eyther to thacke or to bren. 1523― Surv. xx. (1539) 42 He shall bothe thacke and daube at his owne coste. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 139 Thatchers allwayes beginne att the eize [eaves], and soe thake upwards till they come to the ridge.
2. trans. To cover (a roof) or roof (a house) with thatch, formerly also with lead, tiles, etc.; = theek v. 1; spec. to cover the top of a rick with straw or other material so laid as to carry off the rain.
c1440Promp. Parv. 490/1 Thakkyn howsys, sartatego,..sarcitego. 1474Coventry Leet-bk. 389 Þat no maner man frohensfurth thak ne couer his house with strawe nor brome within this Cite. 1530Palsgr. 754/2 Sythe I can nat tyle my house, I must be fayne to thacke it. 1552Inv. Ch. Goods (Surtees No. 97) 9 The churche thacked with leade. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. v. iv. §5. 22 Houses and cottages..Which, as Diodorus Siculus saith were vsually thacked with reed. 1621[see thackstone s.v. thack n. 4]. 1671J. Fraser Polichron. (S.H.S.) 496 Tirr the Kirk to thack the quire. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Thack, v. to thatch. 1863Mrs. Toogood Yorks. Dial., It will take two threave of strea to thack the hay-stack.
Hence thacked |θækt| ppl. a., thatched; ˈthacking vbl. n., the action of thatching; also concr. the material used for the purpose, thatch.
1530Palsgr. 699/1 This is a mete man to sytte on a *thacked house to scarre away crowes. 15971st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. i. i. 134 Some thacked cottage or some cuntrie hall. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. v. ii. 2091 True mirth we may enioy in thacked stall. 1828Craven Gloss., Thack'd, thatched.
c1440Promp. Parv. 490/1 *Thakkynge, sartatectum. 1546Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) 168 The reparacion of the belles, thakkyng and other necessaries pertenyng to the sayd churche. 1613Markham Eng. Husbandman i. i. xvii. (1635) 103 Whole Strawe Wheate..Husbandmen esteeme it so much for their thacking. c1680H. Leigh in Macfarlane Geog. Collect. (S.H.S.) III. 252 The common and ordinary thacking is of a kind of Divet [= sod].
▪ III. thack, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.|θæk|
[OE. þaccian, app. onomatopœic. Cf. thwack.]
†1. trans. To clap with the open hand or the like; to pat, slap lightly. Obs.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xli. 303 Swa [swa] wildu hors, ðonne we h[ie] æresð ᵹefangnu habbað, we hie ðacciað & straciað mid bradre hande. a900― in Cockayne Shrine (1864) 185 Hine lyst bet þaccian and cyssan ðonne oðerne on bær lic. c1305Land Cokayne 141 To þe maid dun hi fleeþ And geþ þe wench al abute, And þakkeþ al her white toute. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 118 Whan Nicholas had doon thus euerideel And thakked [MS. Petw. twakked] hire aboute the lendes weel. ― Friar's T. 261 (Harl. MS.) This carter thakketh his hors vpon the croupe.
†b. intr. To beat, to shower blows. Obs.
1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. 299 Our men of armes and archyers that thakked on hem so thikke with arewes.
†2. trans. To clap (something) on or in a place.
1542St. Papers Hen. VIII, IX. 42 But here he thakked on as many wordes, as he did bifore lawes in the other parte. 1589R. Robinson Gold. Mirr. 31 The thorny thumps that Thought did thacke Within my wofull breast.
3. mod. dial. To thwack, beat, flog.
1861Quinn Heather Lintie (1863) 22 (E.D.D.) Ye weel deserve a thackin' For tellin [etc.]. 1904in Eng. Dial. Dict. (Norf.), He rarely thacked th' old dicky (donkey). |