| 释义 |
Teutonic, a. and n.|tjuːˈtɒnɪk|
Also 7 Theut-.
[ad. L. Teutonic-us, f. Teuton-ēs: see Note below.]
A. adj.
1. a. Of or pertaining to the Teutons; German, esp. High German. Esp., displaying the characteristics attributed to Germans. Cf. Teutonically adv.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 80 The High Dutch or Teutonic tongue is one of the prime and most spacious maternall languages of Europe. 1657North's Plutarch, Add. Lives (1676) 39 He [Charlemagne] began a Vulgar Teutonick Grammar. 1719W. Oldisworth Quillet's Callipædia iv. 746 The fam'd Teutonick Valour, priz'd in war. 1724Waterland Athan. Creed v. 67 There is in the emperor's library at Vienna, a German, or Teutonick version of this creed. 1770(title) A Compendious View of the Grounds of the Teutonic Philosophy. With considerations by way of enquiry into..the writings of J. Behmen. 1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby i. 3 A little later I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. 1955Times 5 July 14/3 The arresting self-portrait of 1914 has a teutonic assurance of manner. 1976Broadcast Dec. 18/2 He was Teutonic in appearance, and wearing what appeared to be an Army type of tunic, slate grey in colour. 1983Financial Times 11 Oct. 34/5 Research has shown that Hertz has a rather Teutonic, super-efficient but cold image.
b. Of or pertaining to the ancient Teutones.
1618Bolton Florus' Hist. (1636) 117 The Cimbrian, Theutonicke, and Tigurin Warre. 1727–41[see Teuton 1].
2. Of or pertaining to the group of languages allied to German (including Gothic, Scandinavian, Low German, and English), forming one of the great branches of the Indo-European, Indo-Germanic, or Aryan family, and to the peoples or tribes speaking these languages: now usually called Germanic, and sometimes Gothic. (See Note below.)
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Teutonic language, is the ancient language of Germany, which is ranked among the mother-tongues. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. xxiii. 350 Stiernhook ascribes the invention of the jury, which in the Teutonic language is denominated nembda, to Regner, king of Sweden and Denmark. 1840Carlyle Heroes i. (1872) 22 The word Wuotan, which is the original form of Odin, a word spread..over all the Teutonic Nations everywhere. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 79 The Normans, as well as the Saxons, were of Teutonic extraction. 1857Maurice Ep. St. John xx. 336 He raised up the Gothic or Teutonic race. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. i. 5 The eastern and northern parts of what now is Scotland were peopled by a race of very pure Teutonic blood and tongue. 1888Skeat Etymol. Dict. p. xviii, German, properly called High-German, to distinguish it from the other Teutonic dialects, which belong to Low-German.
3. Teutonic Knights, Teutonic Order (of Knights): A military order of German Knights (in med.L. Teutonicus Ordo Militaris, F. l'Ordre Teutonique, Ger. Deutsche Ritter, in 16th c. Teutsche Herren), originally enrolled c 1191 as the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary of Jerusalem, for service in the Holy Land.
Their first seat was at Acre; after the fall of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, they settled at Marienburg on the Vistula, and carried on a crusade against the neighbouring heathen nations of Prussia, Livonia, etc. Their conquests made them a great sovereign power, but from the 15th c. they rapidly declined, and were abolished in 1809. The order maintains a titular existence in Austria.
[1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 128 The habite and robes of a Teuch-knight was a cloake or mantell of white, with a blacke crosse vpon the same.] 1617Moryson Itin. i. 34 A house of old belonging to the Teutonike order of Knights. Ibid. 61 Prussen of old was subiect to the order of the Teutonicke Knights. 1645Fuller Gd. Th. in Bad T. (1841) 43 Martin de Golin, master of the Teutonic order, was taken prisoner by the Prussians, and delivered bound to be beheaded. 1727Bailey vol. II, Teutonick Order... The Order is now little known, tho' there is still a Great Master of it kept up. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 163 On the eastern frontier, where [in 1503] the Teutonic knights were incessantly pressed upon by the Poles and Russians. Ibid. ii. ii. I. 373 Maximilian wished to hold him in check, on the one side by the Grand Duke of Moscow, on the other by the Teutonic Order.
4. Teutonic cross, a cross potent, being the badge of the Teutonic Order.
1882Ogilvie (Annandale), Teutonic Cross.
B. n.
1. † The language of any Teutonic race, spec. the German language (obs.); subsequently by philologists applied only to the common or primitive speech, which afterwards broke up into the languages named in A. 2; now usu. known as Germanic.
1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 684 Although the Teutonic be more mixed with other strange languages. 1668Wilkins Real Char. i. i. §3. 3 The Teutonic or German is now distinguished into Upper and Lower. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Mother tongue, Of mother tongues, Scaliger reckons ten in Europe, viz. the Greek, Latin, Teutonic or German, Sclavonic..Irish and British. 1755Gentl. Mag. XXV. 150/1 An history of our language, in which it is regularly traced from the old Gothic and Teutonic to modern English. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. i. 14 All the way from the border to the Highland line, the people, high and low, came to speak in very pure Teutonic. 1870Helfenstein Teutonic Gram. 408 The perfect of the verb haldan must have been ha-hald in the primitive Teutonic.
†2. = Teuton 2. Obs.
1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 361 Verstegan (alias Rowley) [had not] dar'd to make us all Teutonicks. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 40 His Grandfather was by nativity a Teutonic.
†3. pl. = Teutonic Knights: see A. 3. Obs.
1693tr. Emilianne's Hist. Monast. Orders iii. 280 The Knights of Rhodes..and the Teutonicks. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 238 As grand Master of the Teutonics. [Note. Late Roman writers reckoned the Teutones among the peoples of Germania, and Teutonicus became a common poetic equivalent for Germānicus. It is now however held by many that they were not a Germanic people. But, before 900, German writers in Latin began to follow Latin poetic precedent by using Theutonica lingua instead of the barbarian or non-classical Theotisca, to render the native tiutisch, tiutsch (OHG. diutisc, mod. deutsch = OS. thiudisc, OE. þéodisc, literally ‘national, popular, vulgar’) as a designation of their vulgar tongue in contrast to Latin, as if this German adj. were identical with the ancient ethnic name. In 1200 lingua Teutonica was similarly used, and thenceforth Teutonicus became a usual L. rendering of Deutsch or German. Some Early German comparative philologists (e.g. Bopp in 1820) used Teutonisch as the name for the family of languages including Gothic, German, Scandinavian, and English; but for this Germanisch is now more used in German, and Germanic by many in English. But in English there is an awkwardness and sometimes ambiguity in using Germanic beside German (in its ordinary political sense), which does not arise in German or French, where germanisch and germanique are entirely distinct from deutsch and allemand. To avoid this, many English scholars preferred ‘Teutonic’ as the term for the linguistic family, and it is commonly so used in this dictionary.] C. Comb., as Teutonic-Edwardian adj.
1976J. Wheeler-Bennett Friends, Enemies & Sovereigns iii. 73 It was hideous, since neither of its previous owners seemed to have had any decorative taste at all, but comfortable in a sort of Teutonic-Edwardian way. |