| 释义 |
evade, v.|ɪˈveɪd|
Also Sc. 6 avaid, ev-, ewaid.
[a. Fr. évader, ad. L. ēvādĕre, f. ē out + vādĕre to go. Cf. Pr. evazir, Sp. evadir, It. evadere. (The trans. use does not occur in Lat. or mod.F., but is found in Fr. of the 15th c.)]
1. intr. To get away, escape: const. from, out of. rare in mod. use.
1513Douglas æneis ii. viii. 102 All that fled war, and evadit Throw the dirk nycht. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 661 That he micht nocht avaid out of thair handis. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 184 Gif ȝe wald fra this auenture ewaid. 1622Bacon Hen. VII (J.), His wisdom, by often evading from perils, was turned rather into a dexterity to deliver himself from dangers, than, etc. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. lxvi. 403 He was brought to some trouble, but evaded. 1735Somerville Chase i. 345 The serous particles evade Thro' th' open Pores. 1880Mrs. Whitney Odd or Even v. 33 The ‘three of 'em’, as they were always numerically reproached when..a fowl evaded.
†b. In a Lat. sense: To ‘turn out’ to be. Obs.
1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 29 Doth it [the soul] not evade altogether happy, being freed from Error?
2. trans. To escape by contrivance or artifice from (attack, pursuit, adverse designs; an assailant, pursuer, or adversary); to avoid, save oneself from (a threatened evil or inconvenience); to elude (a blow), avoid encountering (an obstacle).
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 246 No vther wa tha micht evaid his feid. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. iii. 2 If he euade vs there. 1632Massinger City Madam iv. ii, You that..knew, in your accompts, To cheat my brother; if you can, evade me. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. xi. 48 Hee might evade the accomplishment of those afflictions he now but gradually endureth. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. Wks. 1738 II. 16 Cæsar foreseeing that the Britains..would easily evade his Foot. 1703Pope Thebais 680 The Nymph, her father's anger to evade, Retires from Argos to the sylvan shade. 1807Jas. Johnson Orient. Voy. 218 Had we lain here..we should have evaded great part of the sickness. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 117 The Crows were not to be evaded. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt xxxvii, He evaded calamity by choosing privation. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. v. 384 The ships evaded the obstacle. 1885Manch. Exam. 5 May 5/1 A thief could evade capture by slipping out of one parish into another.
3. In various applied or extended uses.
a. To contrive to avoid (doing something); to ‘get out of’ performing (a duty), making (a payment), etc.
1722De Foe Moll Flanders (1840) 133, I always found something or other to say to evade the thing. 1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 139 A design to evade the duties. 1832H. Martineau Ireland 111 The people have discovered a method of evading the payment. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 265 Henry..desired at first to evade a duty in which he had little interest at any time. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. vii. 173 The sheykh evaded translating them.
b. To avoid giving a direct answer to (a question, request, charge); to put off (a questioner); to avoid or shirk the discussion of (an argument, a subject).
1604Shakes. Oth. i. i. 13 He (as louing his owne pride, and purposes) Euades them..with Epithites of warre. 1677Dryden State of Innoc. iii. i, Our question thou evad'st. 1771Junius Lett. lxiii. 323 He evades the charge..by..poor contemptible quibbles. 1832H. Martineau Ella of Gar. vi. 70 He evaded all inquiries as to his plans. 1846Trench Mirac. xxxi. (1862) 437 Difficulties..such as we are bound to meet, and not to attempt to evade. a1848R. W. Hamilton Rew. & Punishm. viii. (1853) 389 We have evaded no known argument and difficulty. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 285 That question the Estates of Scotland could not evade.
c. To escape yielding to (an argument, claim, or obligation), admitting (a conclusion), acknowledging (a fact), by means of sophistry.
1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 195 For fear our Arminians..should euade its force. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. xii. 40 Nor can the demonstrativeness of this reason be eluded or evaded. a1699Stillingfl. (J.), My argument evidently overthrows all that he brings to evade the testimonies of the fathers. 1729Butler Serm. Wks. (1874) II. 89 Every moral obligation whatever may be evaded. 1754Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. i. 14 Can this truth be evaded or denied? 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xii. (1862) 172 Edward endeavoured..to evade the force of the obligation.
d. To defeat the intention of (a law, stipulation, etc.), esp. by specious compliance with its letter.
1760Goldsm. Cit. W. lxxx, The same degree of cunning..had taught the knave to evade the former statutes. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 285 Few decent Mussulmauns openly infringe a prohibition which it is so easy to evade. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 285 Processes..adopted for the sake of evading the principle. 1884Law Rep. 25 Chanc. Div. 720 The object of the arrangement..was to evade the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act.
4. absol. or intr. To practise evasion.
a1716South (J.), The ministers of God are not to evade or take refuge in any of these two forementioned ways. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. iv. 429 They evaded, procrastinated, and withheld rather than refused compliance with his desire. 1825Macaulay Milton Ess. (1851) I. 17 He hesitates; he evades.
5. trans. Of things: To elude, baffle (efforts, vigilance, etc.).
a1716South (J.), A contingent event baffles man's knowledge, and evades his power. 1857Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. I. iv. i. 188 These assertions..long evaded refutation. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 76 Some offences evade definition.
6. nonce-use. To go out of. Opposed to invade.
1725in Hearne Langtoft's Chron. II. 442 Julius Cæsar having once and againe audaciously envaded, and as shamefully evaded, Britaine.
Hence eˈvader, one who evades; in the senses of the verb. eˈvading vbl. n. and ppl. a.; also attrib. eˈvadingly adv., in an evading manner, evasively.
1754Edwards Freed. Will iv. i. 194 The Race is at an End, but the Evader is taken in his Flight. 1824–9Landor Imag. Conv. (1846) II. 218 Evader!..glad am I that you have spoken the word. 1883Ld. Brabazon in 19th Cent. Nov. 802 Laws which can never be evaded without punishment swiftly falling on the head of the evader. 1669in Magens Insurances (1755) II. 618 For the evading of all Collusion and Suspicion..it is stipulated that, etc. 1817Byron Beppo xcvii, However, he got off by this evading. 1657J. Sergeant Schism. Dispach't 256 To..leave an evading hole for the Dr. to say, afterwards, etc. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. xi. 206 The wary and evading assertor. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. II. v. vii. 127 Wolf, with bows down to the ground, answered always evadingly. |