| 释义 |
eudiometer|juːdɪˈɒmɪtə(r)|
[f. Gr. εὔδιο-ς clear (weather) (f. εὐ- eu- + διϝ- stem of Ζεύς, Διός the god of the sky and the atmosphere) + µέτρον measure.]
An instrument for testing the purity of the air, or rather the quantity of oxygen it contains.
Various kinds have been in use, but the commonest is that invented by Dr. Ure, consisting of a tube closed at one end, in which certain quantities of hydrogen and atmospheric air are exploded over water by an electric spark. From the rise of the water in the tube inferences are drawn as to the amount of oxygen that was present. The apparatus is also, and now chiefly, employed in the analysis of gases.
1777De Magellan (title), Glass apparatus for making mineral waters..with the description of some new Eudiometers. 1792A. Young Trav. France 153 He has a large course of eudiometrical experiments going on at present, particularly with Fontana's and Volta's eudiometers. 1807Pepys Eudiometer in Phil. Trans. XCVII. 249 Known quantities of the air to be tried, and of nitrous gas being mixed, were admitted..into a graduated tube, which he [Priestley] denominated a eudiometer. 1825Faraday Exp. Res. xxx. 161 Seven volumes of this mixture were detonated in a eudiometer tube by an electric spark. 1877W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 28 The eudiometer has the legs of glass united by an india-rubber tube of suitable length.
Hence eudioˈmetric a., of, pertaining to, or requiring the use of the eudiometer or eudiometry. eudioˈmetrical a. = prec. eudioˈmetrically adv., in a eudiometric way; by the use of a eudiometer. eudiˈometry, the art or practice of using the eudiometer either for ascertaining the purity of the air, or in the analysis of gases.
1854Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 321 The analysis..may be..effected by the *eudiometric method. 1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 378/1 The eudiometric researches of a number of observers. 1792[see eudiometer].
1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. I. xi. 437 Graduated glass tubes for *eudiometrical experiments. 1852Th. Ross Humboldt's Trav. I. v. 173 The absorption of two gases in a eudiometrical tube.
1808Henry in Phil. Trans. XCVIII. 290 After trying, *eudiometrically, the quality of an aliquot part of the gas in the receiver. 1881W. Crookes in Nature XXIII. 423 Collecting samples [of gas] and analysing them eudiometrically.
1800Henry Epit. Chem. (ed. 5) 159 The application of nitrous gas to the purpose of *eudiometry. 1826― Elem. Chem. I. 237 Platinum in this form becomes, therefore, a most useful agent in eudiometry. 1853W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 82 When it is required to ascertain the exact proportion of oxygen in any specimen of air..The operation is called eudiometry, and the instruments employed eudiometers. |