| 释义 |
‖ ethos|ˈiːθɒs|
[mod.L., a. Gr. ἦθος character, a person's nature or disposition. Used by Eng. writers in certain particular applications.]
1. [After Arist. Rhet. ii. xii–xiv.] The characteristic spirit, prevalent tone of sentiment, of a people or community; the ‘genius’ of an institution or system.
1851Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. v. 691 The Romanized Danes conformed to the ethos of the Carlovingian monarchy. 1859W. F. Wingfield Tour in Dalmatia 27 This prevalence of the Italian language and ethos exists..not only in the maritime cities, etc. 1882Contemp. Rev. Aug. 245 The ethos of Catholic sacerdotal life is altogether different.
2. In reference to ancient æsthetic criticism and rhetoric.
Aristotle's statement that Polygnotus excelled all other painters in the representation of ‘ethos’ app. meant simply that his pictures expressed ‘character’; but as Aristotle elsewhere says that this painter portrayed men as nobler than they really are, some mod. writers have taken ethos to mean ‘ideal excellence.’ The opposition of ethos and pathos (‘character’ and ‘emotion’), often wrongly ascribed to Aristotle's theory of art as expounded in the Poetics, really belongs only to Greek rhetoric.
1875A. S. Murray in Encycl. Brit. II. 359 s.v. Archæology, By ethos, as applied to the paintings of Polygnotus, we understand a dignified bearing in his figures, and a measured movement throughout his compositions. 1881Q. Rev. Oct. 542 The real is preferred to the ideal, transient emotion to permanent lineaments, pathos to ethos. |