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▪ I. espalier, n.|ɪˈspælɪə(r)|
Also 7 espaliere.
[a. F. espalier, ad. It. spalliera ‘wainscot work to lean the shoulders against’ (Florio), hence, stakes of the same height, f. spalla shoulder. Cf. Sp. espalera, espaldera, of same meaning.]
1. A kind of lattice-work or frame-work of stakes upon which fruit trees or ornamental shrubs are trained; also the stakes individually.
1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. iii. 356 Repair your Espaliers, and fasten your Fruit-trees thereto. 1754Dodsley Agriculture ii. (R.), His ripening fruits Display their sweet temptations from the wall, Or from the gay espalier. 1816Kirby & Spence Entomol. xiv. (1828) I. 436 The upright putrescent espaliers of vine-props. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. ii. viii. 168 The willow..is much used, its young shoots being employed to tie up the fruit trees to the espaliers.
2. A fruit-tree trained on a lattice, usually of woodwork, or on stakes.
1662Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 223 Plant your fairest Tulips..under Espaliers. 1731Pope Ep. Burlington 78 Behold Villario's ten years toil compleat, His Quincunx darkens, his Espaliers meet. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 541 Espaliers of European grapes in gardens have long ago been introduced. 1833Tennyson Blackbird, The espaliers and the standards all Are thine.
†3. A row of trees so trained. Obs.
1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 3 A Fruit-Garden planted..in long Espaliers. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Batardier, Fruit-Trees..placed in Espaliers or elsewhere, instead of a dead Tree.
4. attrib. and Comb., chiefly simple attrib.; also espalierwise adv., in the form of an espalier.
1717Berkeley Tour Italy 16 Jan., Espalier hedges..make the ornaments of this place. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Garden Fences, The Horse-Chestnut..will bear forming Espalierwise. 1806Miss Mitford in L'Estrange Friendship (1882) I. 20 One of the espalier apple-trees in the garden is a perfect picture. 1858Glenny Gard. Everyday Bk. 102/1 Espalier Trees may be much more easily cleaned of vermin.
▪ II. espalier, v.|ɛˈspælɪə(r)|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. a. To train as an espalier. b. To furnish or surround with an espalier.
1810Bp. Copleston Repl. to Edin. Rev. in Mem. (1851) 329 We want not men who are clipped and espaliered into any form which the whim of the gardener may dictate. 1846in Worcester; and in mod Dicts.
Hence eˈspaliered ppl. a., eˈspaliering vbl. n.
1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xi. §9 Latticed and espaliered cottages. 1865M. E. Braddon Doctor's Wife iii, There were roses and sweet-brier, espaliered apples. 1882Jrnl. Derbysh. Archæol. Soc. IV. 154 He appears to be engaged in that form of training trees called espaliering. |