| 释义 |
privatization|ˌpraɪvətaɪˈzeɪʃən|
[f. private a. + -ization.]
1. The policy or process of making private as opposed to public, spec. the advocacy or exploitation by the State of private enterprise; = denationalization 2.
1959News Chron. 28 July 2/6 Erhard selected the rich Preussag mining concern for his first experiment in privatisation. 1960Ibid. 22 Apr. 11/5 Complete privatisation was opposed by the Socialists..because they feared..the little man selling out his shares to the big capitalists. 1970Observer 25 Jan. 1/6 He foresaw ‘privatisation’ of many sectors of industry now in public ownership. 1970J. Cotler in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xii. 440 If rural marginality allows for the..privatization of State power, the political sphere demands..a new line of social integration. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 1 May b6/3 The contrast between then and now measures the tendency toward privatization and withdrawal of our commitments from the open, public arena that has occurred during the course of the Twentieth Century. 1976Globe & Mail (Toronto) 12 Dec. 5/7 Privatization in the handing over of elements of the public service to the private sector is threatening the livelihoods of thousands of public servants. 1977Ibid. 20 Jan. 6/1 The Government published a working paper..which set out some possibilities..including this: ‘The possibility of the private sector providing goods or services that are now provided through government enterprise and programs.’ The government, it seemed was toying with the idea of ‘privatization’. 1979New Statesman 6 July 14/3 This political formula of controlled privatisation depends on not too many people finding the stringent limits on expression spiritually intolerable.
2. The act or process of regarding as personal or separate, spec. the concept of an institution, activity, discipline, etc., seen in terms of its relation to the individual rather than to society generally or to a part of society.
1968Listener 6 June 720/1 On these two points, the privatisation of death, and the loss of any sense of an appropriate length of life, I have contrasted contemporary English society with alien cultures—Celtic or African. 1969J. H. Goldthorpe et al. Affluent Worker in Class Struct. iv. 96 Our findings would indicate as the most probable concomitant of these workers' orientation to work and of their present type of employment what we have earlier referred to as privatisation—a process, that is, manifested in a pattern of social life which is centred on, and indeed largely restricted to, the home and the conjugal family. 1972Clergy Rev. Mar. 209 Despite our privatization of God, we are all sharers in spiritual matters. 1973Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Oct. 1307/2 To buy things like that secondhand car which initiates the simultaneous privatization and social extension of their life-style. 1974J. I. M. Stewart Gaudy iii. 40 He had carried with him all the privatization of experience that characterizes bourgeois life. 1975Amer. Anthropologist LXXVII. 260 While the stress on language and on inter⁓subjectivity is fine, the privatization of anthropology, its ultimate inability to issue in a set of explanatory propositions, is disastrous. 1976Nichols & Armstrong Workers Divided 20 We also seek to indicate..what is sometimes called ‘privatization’..: a nuclear family-based separation from community. 1976Jrnl. Church & State XVIII. 209 (title) Does Church-State separation necessarily mean the privatization of religion? 1978Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Feb. 194/4 The modern ‘privatization’ of religion owes more to constitutional developments than to Christianity having become ‘controversial’. 1979E. Norman Christianity & World Order vi. 80 To regard Christianity as being..concerned primarily with the relationship of the soul to eternity, is these days denounced within Christian opinion as a ‘privatization’ of religion. |