| 释义 |
ergative, a. Gram.|ˈɜːgətɪv|
[f. Gr. ἐργάτης workman + -ive.]
In full ergative case. A term used of a grammatical case marking the subject of a transitive verb in languages such as Eskimo, Basque, and some others. Also ellipt.
1943J. Marouzeau Lexique Terminol. Linguistique (ed. 2) 89 Ergatif (Ergativ, Ergative). Cas désignant l'agent dans les langues comme le basque. 1950Archivum Linguisticum II. ii. 100 In syntactically transitional types of language like Georgian and Laz..the ergative and nominative are found side by side. 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Ling. vi. 179 This ending..was necessarily the morpheme of an ‘ergative’ case. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Ling. viii. 352 The term..for the syntactic relationship that holds between (1) [the stone moved] and (3) [John moved the stone] is ‘ergative’: the subject of an intransitive verb ‘becomes’ the object of a corresponding transitive verb, and a new ergative subject is introduced as the ‘agent’ (or ‘cause’) of the action referred to.
Hence ergaˈtivity, the state or condition of being ergative.
1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 342 This syntactic parallelism between the ‘goal’ of a transitive verb and the subject of an intransitive verb is generally referred to as ‘ergativity’. 1978Language LIV. 216 Ergativity, accusativity, and other case phenomena. 1983Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XXVIII. 182 His proposal is..unable to provide a uniform treatment of ergativity. |