| 释义 |
▪ I. tend, n. rare.
[f. tend v.1]
The action or fact of tending; aim, tendency.
1655Marquis of Worcester Cent. Inv. Ded. ii. (1663) A vij, The taking off such Taxes or Burthens..which, I dare say, is the continual Tend of all your indefatigable pains. 1937V. Woolf Let. 30 Apr. (1980) VI. 122 I'm very glad you saw that the tend of the book, its slope to one quarter of the compass and not another, was different from the tend in my other books.
▪ II. tend, v.1|tɛnd|
Also 4–7 tende, (5 tenne). Pa. tense and pple. tended (5 tende).
[Aphetic form of attend v., entend v., intend v., F. attendre, entendre, which largely ran together in sense in OF. and ME.]
†1. To turn one's ear, give auditory attention, listen, hearken; = attend v. 1.
a. intr. Obs.
13..Cursor M. 2542 (Gött.) Abram..all bad till him tendand [Cott. tentand] be. 1340–70Alisaunder 7 Tend yee tytely to mee & take goode heede. c1430Hymns Virg. 99 To þe ten heestis y haue not tende Þoruȝ slouþe, wraþþe, & glotenie. a1550Friar & Boy 6 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 60 God..gyue them good lyfe and longe That lysteneth to my songe, Or tendeth to my tale. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. i. 8 Take in the toppe-sale: Tend to th' Masters whistle. 1816G. Muir Clydesdale Minstr. 61 'Tend to my plaint, ye bonny lasses.
†b. trans. To turn one's ear to, listen to. Obs.
1340–70Alisaunder 997 Whan þis tale was tolde & tended of all. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 365 Tale tende we non þat turneþ to harme.
2. To turn the mind, attention, or energies; to apply oneself.
a. intr. with to, unto: to attend to, look after (a thing, business, etc.); = attend v. 2, 4. Now only dial. and U.S.
13..Cursor M. 255 (Gött.) Sum quat to þat thing to tende [C. tent] Þat þai þair mede may wid amende. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 655 Þat scheo tende to no þynge elles. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5122 Þe Amyral..ne miȝt noȝt tendy þer-to. c1460Play Sacram. 195 Ye owe tenderli to tende me tylle. 1523–4Rec. St. Mary at Hill 323 For blowyng the Orgons and tendyng to the chirch euery sonday, to haue ij d. 1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad 39, I got to 'tend to business. 1901Cornh. Mag. Nov. 678 Some folks..cassn't be satisfite wi' 'tendin' to their own [business]. 1901J. Prior Forest Folk ii. 14 To let me tend to the commoners first. 1917G. B. McCutcheon Green Fancy 68 They..paid their bills regular, 'tended to their own business, and that's all. 1930W. Faulkner As I lay Dying (1935) 155 You got to wait a little while. Then I'll tend to you. 1936M. Mitchell Gone with Wind x. 197 If anybody dares say one little word about you, I'll tend to them. 1975A. Davis Autobiogr. v. 309 The men's linens and jail clothes were sent elsewhere for laundering; the women were expected to tend to their own.
†b. with inf. To turn one's attention, apply oneself to do something; = attend v. 4 d, intend v. 9.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14100 Þey tenden nought hem self to fende. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 846 Ȝe tende nauht to tulye þe erþe. 1623Whitbourne Newfoundland 82 Three men may fetch a-land salt, and tend to wash fish, and dry the same. 1682Bunyan Greatness Soul Wks. 1853 I. 136 He could tend to do nothing but to find out how to be clothed in purple and fine-linen. a1688― Accept. Sacrif. ibid. 691 There is none else that either understand or that can tend to hearken to Him... But now the broken in heart can tend it.
c. trans. To attend to, mind (a thing); = attend v. 4, intend v. 12. Now rare.
1549Chaloner Erasm. on Folly O ij, How many princes..dooe..onely tende theyr owne pleasure. 1594Barnfield Affect. Sheph. ii. lvi, Speake ill of no man, tend thine owne affaires. 1650Jer. Taylor Holy Living iv. §6 (1727) 224 We rest also that we may tend holy duties. 1741–2Gray Agrippina 7 To tend Her household cares, a woman's best employment. 1847Helps Friends in C. I. i. 11 Your business..will be best tended in this way. 1866J. Kavanagh Sybil's Second Love i, Tending the fire.
3. a. trans. To apply oneself to the care and service of (a person); now esp. to watch over and wait upon, to minister to (the sick or helpless); = attend v. 6, intend v. 11 b.
c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxv. 539, I..praye you that ye tende well my children. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. xviii. 520 Jeoly..had been sick for 3 months: in all which time I tended him as carefully, as if he had been my Brother. 1712–14Pope Rape Lock ii. 91 Our humbler province is to tend the Fair. 1722De Foe Plague (1840) 84 Nurses to tend those that were sick. 1805Scott Last Minstr. i. Introd. ii, That they should tend the old man well.
b. To have the care and oversight of; to take charge of, look after (a flock, herd, etc.); = attend v. 5. Said also (now dial. and U.S.) of a shop, toll-gate, bridge, etc., and (U.S.) in phr. to tend bar (cf. bartender). Also absol.
1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C iv, Nedes must a Shepheard bestowe his whole labour In tending his flockes. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. v. 31 So many Houres, must I tend my Flocke. 1602Rowlands Tis Merrie 16 My Husband's forth, our Shoppe must needes be tended. 1702Pope Sappho 100 Bid Endymion nightly tend his sheep. 1809A. Putnam in Danvers Hist. Soc. Coll. (1918) VI. 15 My brother has hired Asa Fletcher a young fellow of my age, who has been tending for Mr. Marcy. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. iv. i, Gurth could only tend pigs. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 359 The horses had been ill fed and ill tended among the Grampians. 1870‘Mark Twain’ in Galaxy Nov. 726/2 Tending bar, and reporting for the newspapers. 1889Farmer Dict. Amer. s.v., Shops, stores, and businesses of every description are in America tended and not kept. 1959Washington Post 9 Dec. a7/3 Nixon is staying in Washington to help tend the store while the President is away on his 3-week tour. 1978Detroit Free Press 2 Apr. 4c/3, In 1976, he tended bar and sold swimming pools and encyclopedias.
c. To bestow attention upon, attend to; esp. to foster, cultivate (a plant, etc.); to work or mind (a pump, a machine, etc.).
1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §95. 367 By peace..gardens, vineyards, and other like fruitfull places [are] tended. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 206 Well may we labour still to dress This Garden, still to tend Plant, Herb, and Flour. 1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3915/3 The Men..not being able to tend the Pumps, she sunk. 1838Arnold Hist. Rome I. xi. 203 This Lucius Quinctius let his hair grow, and tended it carefully. 1865Kingsley Herew. x, He..tended the graves hewn in the living stone. 1885S. Cox Expositions xxix. 386 Always seeking to multiply the seed they sow and tend.
4. a. To wait upon as attendant or servant; to attend on; to escort, follow, or accompany for the purpose of rendering service or giving assistance; = attend v. 7. Now dial.
a1400–50Alexander 4534 Appollo with a quite swan is paid him to tende. c1500in Eng. Gilds (1870) 418 It is ordered..that the new Mayor tenne the old Mayor at his owne house and goe home with the sword before him. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. i. 93 Go thou to Richard, and good Angels tend thee. a1625Fletcher, etc. Fair Maid Inn ii. ii, By your leave, Sir, I'll tend my master, and instantly be with you. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. xii. 248 The man that tended the carpenter had a great iron ladle in his hand. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. s.v., A mason's labourer always describes his work ‘I do tend masons’.
b. intr. To attend on or upon; spec. to wait at table; = attend v. 7 b, c. Also fig.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 304 Three-fold Vengeance tend vpon your steps. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 117 The bridegroome and the brides brothers or freinds tende att dinner. 1642Rogers Naaman 41 Not [to] expect till Elisha tend upon him. 1722De Foe Plague (1840) 106, I tend on them, to fetch things for them. 1818M. W. Shelley Frankenst. i. (1865) 35, I loved to tend on her. 1859Tennyson Enid 1772 And Enid tended on him there.
5. trans. To give one's presence at (a meeting, ceremony, etc.); = attend v. 12. Now dial. and U.S. Also intr. with † of (obs.), on (dial.).
1460Rolls of Parlt. V. 375/1 So that the seid Waulter may tende daily of this youre Parlement, as his dute is to doo. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 290 Cato said that Scipio..tended Plays, Comedies, and Wrestlings. 1801H. Macneill Poet. Wks. (1856) 220 (E.D.D.) Our lads are doing little but tending the drill. 18..Maj. Jones's Trav. (Bartlett), Most of the passengers..had been up to Augusta to tend the convention. 1890Dialect Notes I. i. 22 U.S. One ‘tends out on’ church, ‘tends out on’ the public library. 1901E. G. Hayden Trav. Round our Vill. x. 168, I 'tends church reg'lar!
6. a. trans. † To wait for, await; to look out for expectantly; = attend v. 13; also, to watch, observe (obs.); in dial. use, to watch for and scare away (birds), = tent v.1 6.
1604T. Wright Passions v. §3. 182 Then tend thy turne, when neighbors housen burne. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. xiv. 85 Tending the Sun until he be upon the Meridian. 1675Bunyan Light in Darkn. 178 Now the Soul can tend to look about it, and thus consider with it self. 1818Keats Endymion ii. 185 By all the stars That tend thy bidding. 1875Sussex Gloss. s.v., He goos to work rook-tending, and he comes home of nights that hoarse that you can't hardly hear him speak.
†b. absol. or intr. To wait in expectation or readiness; = attend v. 16. Obs.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. iii. 83 The time inuites you, goe, your seruants tend. Ibid. iv. iii. 47 The Barke is readie, and the winde at helpe, Th' Associates tend.
7. To have it in the mind as a purpose to do something; = intend v. 18. (Cf. attend v. IV.) Obs. exc. dial. (After 1500 chiefly Sc.)
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 1128 Now tende we to touche more of þis tale. c1500Melusine 128 We tende & purpose to gyue bataylle to the Sawdan. 1525Sc. Acts Jas. V (1814) II. 293/2, I neuir as ȝit did hir grace ony harme..nor neuer tendis to do. 1580Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 291 Tending..to be fugitive fra the law. a1615Cron. Erlis of Ross (1850) 6 The sepulture of his fathers, quhair he tendit to be buryed. 1897R. M. Gilchrist Peakland Faggot 95 I'm tendin' to do well for them. 1900N. Lloyd Chronic Loafer i. 13 [U.S.], I didn't 'tend to open it.
†8. trans. To understand or apprehend (a matter, a word, etc.); = intend v. IV, ME. entende, F. entendre. Obs.
c1375Cursor M. 21803 (Fairf.) Qua-sim þis tale can beter tende [Cott. a-tend] For cristis loue he hit amende. c1450Holland Howlat 434 The siluer in the samyn half, trewly to tend, Is cleir corage in armes.
Hence ˈtending vbl. n.1 and ppl. a.; tending-string, a leading-string; tending boy, a boy employed to ‘tend’ or scare birds.
1605Shakes. Macb. i. v. 38 One of my fellowes..almost dead for breath..Giue him tending, He brings great newes. 1816T. Chalmers in Hanna Mem. (1849) II. iv. 81 The shrubbery, in absence of the tending hand, had become a tangled wilderness. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 73 The cowboy..Leading tam'd cattle in their tending-strings. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. viii, In its tending of the sick. 1898Agric. Gaz. 7 Mar. 276/3, I am dressing the seed with tar, otherwise tending boys would be at a premium. 1909Lady's Realm Feb. 466/1 The large log-house..and the tending slaves.
▪ III. tend, v.2|tɛnd|
Forms: 6–7 tende, 6 Sc. teind, 4– tend. See also tent v.5
[In branch I, a. F. tend-re (11th c.):—L. tendĕre to stretch, stretch out, extend, also intr. for tendere cursum, gressum, passus, to direct one's course, one's steps, to proceed in any direction. The main sense-development took place in L. and F., and the Eng. sense-groups II and III have been taken in at different times, and not in logical order.]
I. To have a motion or disposition to move towards, and derived senses. [= OF. tendre (11th c.), L. tendĕre intr.]
1. intr. To direct one's course, make one's way, move or proceed towards something.
a. lit. of persons or things in motion. Obs. or arch.
c1350Will. Palerne 1781 To me tended þei nouȝt, but tok forþ here wey wilfulli to sum wildernesse. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 10797 Wheder that euery goode Pylgryme Tendyth in his pylgrymage. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxix. 29 Tending to ane uther place, A journay going everie day. 1667Milton P.L. i. 183 Thither let us tend From off the tossing of these fiery waves. 1745Paraphr. Sc. Ch. xxvii. xi, As the Rains from Heaven distil Nor thither tend again.
b. Of a road, course, journey, series of things.
1574Calr. Scott. Papers V. 9 Leith wes his port quhair⁓unto his course teindit. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 256 Arches..whose Joints tend to the Center. 1863Hawthorne Our Old Home (1879) 64 A green lane..tended towards a square, gray tower. 1873Black Pr. Thule xxv, Understanding that their voyage should tend in that direction.
c. intr. To have a natural inclination to move (in some direction). (Cf. 2, 3.)
1641Wilkins Math. Magick i. ii. (1648) 12 Whereby condensed bodies do of themselves tend downwards. 1711Pope Temp. Fame 429 As weighty bodies to the centre tend. 1776Adam Smith W.N. iv. vii. (1869) II. 217 That part of the capital..which..tended and inclined, if I may say so, towards the East India trade. 1828Hutton Course Math. II. 140 The power or force in moving bodies, by which they continually tend from their present places. 1834M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxxvii. (1849) 432 Though the stars in every region of the sky tend towards a point in Hercules.
2. fig.
a. intr. To have a disposition to advance, go on, come finally, or attain to (unto, towards) some point in time, degree, quality, state, or other non-material category; to be drawn to or towards in affection.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. pr. vi. 17 (Camb. MS.) Remembres thow..whider þat the entensy[o]n of alle kynde tendeth? c1440Gesta Rom. lv. 238 (Harl. MS.) Whenne I saide þat oþer was thi childe, þou tendeist al to him, and dispisidist þat oþere. 1538Elyot, Specto.., to behold,..to tende to some conclusion. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iii. (1586) 127 b, Nature alwaies tendeth to the best. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 110 Towards the setting of the sun, when the light of the world was tending unto a night of darkness. 1776Burke Corr. (1844) II. 96 It is to this point all their speeches, writings, and intrigues of all sorts, tend. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 517 The trust being expressly limited for life, the same did not tend to a perpetuity. 1893J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 157 Their use..certainly tends in the direction of uniformity.
b. tending to, approaching (in quality, colour, etc.); having a tendency to.
1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 51 A temperate aire rather tending to cold. 1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 18 A faire and broad leafe, in colour tending to a greenish yellow.
3. a. intr. To have a specified result, if allowed to act; to lead or conduce to some state or condition. Const. to, rarely against.
1560Bible (Genev.) Prov. x. 16 The labour of the righteous tendeth to life. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 289 The place doth not greatly tend vnto tranquillity. 1729Law Serious C. xxii. (1732) 441 [Not to] do anything to us, but what certainly tended to our benefit. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 558 The register acts would tend much more to the security of purchasers and mortgagees..if it were established [etc.]. 1847Helps Friends in C. i. iii. 34 To indulge in despair as a habit..manifestly tends against nature. 1868Farrar Silence & V. ii. (1875) 35 We know that righteousness tendeth to life.
b. To lead or conduce to some action. (a) Const. to with noun of action.
1565Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 36 Tending to the furthsetting of thair Majesteis autoritie. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxiii. 126 Other acts tending to the conservation of the Peace. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. xv. 422 Such declaration cannot now tend to the reformation of the parties. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iv. I. 484 None of them said anything tending to his vindication. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §5. 82 The King's reforms tended directly to the increase of the royal power.
(b) Const. to with inf. Now usu. in weakened sense: To have a tendency, to be apt or inclined.
1604Bacon Apol. Wks. 1879 I. 436 A sonnet directly tending and alluding to draw on her Majesty's reconcilement to my lord. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. iii. iv. §10 It may further tend to clear the truth of the Scriptures. 1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4688/2 All the..Warlike Preparations..tended only to amuse the King of Sweden. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 337 If they tend in the least to diminish the sufferings of the child. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 378 It tends to undergo a rapid and complete degeneration. 1879M. Arnold Mixed Ess., Democr. 10 To live in a society of equals tends..to make a man's spirits expand. 1936J. Cary African Witch ii. 38 Obstinacy and stupidity are things that tend to annoy quick-minded and intelligent people. 1956H. L. Mencken Minority Report 251 Unfortunately, the machine thus devised to halt heresy also tends to halt progress. 1976M. Machlin Pipeline xxxiii. 372 After the initial uproar over the Wainwright raid, the papers tended to ignore it. 1981Daily Tel. 26 Aug. 11/2 She went to Oxford to read English. ‘I didn't really want to, but I tended to do what my parents advised then.’
4. Naut.
a. Of a ship at anchor: To swing round with the turn of the tide or wind.
1770Cook Voy. round World iii. ix. (1773) III. 651 In the mean time, as the ship tended, I weighed anchor. 1776,1867[see tending below]. 1794Rigging & Seamanship II. 299 The ship begins to tend to leeward. 1828Webster, Tend..to swing round an anchor, as a ship.
b. trans. (app. a causal use of prec.; in quot. 1867, erroneously associated with tend v.1 6).
1794Rigging & Seamanship II. 300 To tend a ship for a weather tide. The simplest way of tending a ship, is to keep each tide to leeward of her anchor. 1815Burney Falconer's Dict. Marine 553/1 To Tend..is to turn or swing a ship round when at single anchor, or moored by the head in a tide-way, at the beginning of the flood or ebb. Ibid., To Tend a Ship with the Wind a few points across the Tide. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Tend, to watch a vessel at anchor on the turn of a tide, and cast her by the helm, and some sail if necessary, so as to keep the cable clear of the anchor or turns out of her cables when moored.
II. [= F. tendre.]
†5.
a. trans. To offer, proffer; spec. in Law = tender v.1 1. Obs.
1475Rolls of Parlt. VI. 148/1 Uppon the same Travers tended, or title shewed. 1483–4Act 1 Rich. III, c. 6 §1 The seid defendaunt..may..tende an issue [F. de tendre issue], that the same contract..was not..made within the feire tyme. 1529Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 5 §1 Suche testament beyng laufully tended or offred to them to be proved.
b. To furnish, provide, supply; to reach or hand (a thing) to some one. Obs. exc. dial.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 130 Dilligent in tending and prouiding all things necessary. 1882Jago Cornwall Gloss. s.v., One boy tended the stones as the other threw them at the apples.
†6. intr. To extend, stretch, or reach (to a point, or in a particular direction). Also fig. Obs.
1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vi. vi. 444 All the knowledge of the Chinois, tendes only to reade and write, and no farther. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 223 That huge tract of Land, which tendeth from Cape Aguer, to Cape Guardafu. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 145 The land tending to the west.
III. [Later senses from F. tendre and L. tendĕre.]
†7. trans. To stretch, make tense or taut; to set (a trap, snare, etc.). Obs.
1646H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 45 Their nets are alwayes spread; they tende their snares alwayes. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 289 The longer, or less tended, any string is, the farther it moves. 1799,1834[see tended ppl. a.2].
†8. To bend or direct (one's steps): cf. L. tendere gressum, passus. Obs.
1611Rich Honest. Age (Percy Soc.) 17 Whether will you tend your steppes. a1644Quarles Sol. Recant. ch. iii. xx, Both tend Their paces to the self-same Journies end.
†9. To relate or refer to; to concern. (trans., or intr. with to.) Obs.
1571Sir R. Lane in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 224, I have received your letter with a packet... The matter which they do tend indeed requireth speed. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 156 My taulke tendeth to matters of such moment and weight. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lxxi. (1739) 196 The rule foregoing tended only to Freemen and their Lands. 1654Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 11 Which I attributed to our dispatch, and some other businesse tendinge thereto.
Hence ˈtending vbl. n.2
1587Golding De Mornay ii. (1592) 18 The whole worlde and all things contayned therein, do by their tending vnto vs, teach vs to tend vnto one alone. 1846D. King Lord's Supper vi. 175 It is all outward in its tendings.
b. Naut.1776Falconer Dict. Marine, Tending, the movement by which a ship turns or swings round her anchor in a tide-way, at the beginning of the flood or ebb. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Tending, the movement by which a ship turns or swings round when at single anchor, or moored by the head, at every change of tide or wind.
▪ IV. tend
obs. f. teind n. and v., tithe; earlier form of tind v. Obs., to kindle. |