| 释义 |
reactionary, a. and n.|riːˈækʃənərɪ|
[f. reaction (chiefly in sense 4) + -ary1. Cf. F. réactionnaire (19th c.).]
A. adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, reaction.
1847Grote Greece ii. xxxvi. IV. 497 The intensity of the subsequent displeasure would be aggravated by this reactionary sentiment. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xviii. 40 The results of the year that followed were decidedly reactionary.
2. Inclined or favourable to reaction. Also, in Marxist use, unfavourably contrasted with revolutionary.
1840J. S. Mill in London & Westm. Rev. Mar. 276 The philosophers of the reactionary school—of the school to which Coleridge belongs. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. 161 The reactionary members of the council had suggested a call of parliament. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 174 The fixed ideas of a reactionary statesman. 1953R. Lehmann Echoing Grove iii. 156 The British Government's iniquitous non-intervention policy playing into the hands of Franco's abominable reactionary conspiracy. 1957Economist 28 Dec. 1134/1 Hungarians are to have both the ‘true freedom’ and the bananas. Mr Kadar's masters were shrewd enough to realise that, in this reactionary country, the latter is appreciated more than the former. 1974tr. Sniečkus's Soviet Lithuania 23 The bourgeois nationalists set up various kinds of reactionary armed organisations to combat the revolutionary movement. 1975J. Plamenatz K. Marx's Philos. of Man xi. 299 Ideas and practices adopted by the bourgeois when they put themselves forward as the champions of society as a whole against irresponsible power and a reactionary nobility can become a nuisance to them once they are installed as the dominant class and their position comes to be challenged.
B. n. One who favours or inclines to reaction. Also, in Marxist use, an opponent of communism.
1858Froude Hist. Eng. IV. 485 The reactionaries..watched for some change of fortune. 1908Nation 1 Oct. 302/2 Part of Wall Street will vote for Taft because it believes him at heart a ‘reactionary’, or, at least, the less of two evils. 1921G. B. Shaw Back to Methuselah ii. 52, I can find you hundreds of the most sordid rascals, or the most densely stupid reactionaries, with all these qualifications. 1951G. Mikes Down with Everybody! i. i. 15 ‘A reactionary and a foreign spy is a man who is not pleased when his wages are cut or when he is asked to work more for the same wages and who is not pleased to starve.’ ‘Very good, Comrade Barna, very good indeed.’ 1967tr. Quotations from Chairman Mao Tsetung (ed. 2) 75 The reactionaries in all countries are fools of this kind... Their persecution of the revolutionary people only serves to accelerate the people's revolutions. 1981L. Deighton XPD ii. 5 Literally pogoni means epaulette, but for a citizen of the USSR..it is a symbol of the hated reactionary. |