| 释义 |
▪ I. tempest, n.|ˈtɛmpɪst|
Forms: 3– tempest; also 3–6 tempeste, 4–5 tempast, -e.
[a. OF. tempeste, fem. (11th c. in Roland) = It., Prov. tempesta:—pop. L. *tempesta-m, for cl. L. tempestās, -ātem season, weather, storm, f. tempus a time, a season; also a. OF. tempest masc. (13th c. in Godef.) = Prov. tempest:—L. *tempestum. OF. had also *tempeste, acc. sing. tempesté, pl. tempestez (12th c.) = Sp. tempestád, Pg. tempestade, It. -ate, -ade,:—L. temˈpestās, tempestā-t-em.]
1. a. A violent storm of wind, usually accompanied by a downfall of rain, hail, or snow, or by thunder.
c1250Old Kentish Serm. in O.E. Misc. 32 So hi were in þo ssipe so a-ros a great tempeste of winde. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1151 Hor folc hii lore in þe se þoru tempest [v.r. tempeste] moni on. a1300Cursor M. 6027 (Cott.) Israel for þis tempest [Gött. tempast] Was noþer harmed, man ne beist. 13..K. Alis. 5810 (Bodl. MS.) Þe wederes stronge and tempestes Þat hem duden grete molestes. c1386Chaucer Manciple's T. 197 Euere crie agayn tempest and rayn. 1390Gower Conf. III. 203 A cruel king lich the tempeste, The whom no Pite myhte areste. c1400Destr. Troy 12467 Trees thurgh tempestes, tynde hade þere leues. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings ii. 1 Whan the Lorde was mynded to take vp Elias in the tempest. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 389 Seven whole dayes and nights this tempest lasted. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 608 A Station safe for Ships, when Tempests roar. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 46 In some places the time of change is attended with calms, in others..with violent tempests. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. §3. 68 The whole air filled..with a tempest of sand driving in your face like sleet.
b. A thunder-storm. U.K. dial. and North-eastern N. Amer.
c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 946/1 To be killed with tempest, fouldroier. 1712Hearne Collect. 30 June (O.H.S.) III. 408 We were forc'd by a tempest to stop at Yarnton. 1839G. Bird Nat. Phil. 212 Several instances have occurred of the fatal effects of a tempest..at a considerable distance from the spot..where the violence of the lightning appeared to have been chiefly exerted. c1860Northamp. Dial., It's very still and black. I think we shall have a tempest to-night. 1877R. T. Cooke in Harper's Mag. Jan. 297/1 Ominous flashes of tempest began to play about the far horizon. 1883Hampsh. Gloss., Tempest, a thunder-storm. 1892Dialect Notes I. 211 Tempest, a thunder-shower. [Plymouth, Massachusetts.] 1951Amer. Speech XXVI. 251 Such localized terms as..the southeastern New England tempest (thunderstorm)... Tempest was recorded from a Schuylerville (Saratoga Co.) informant, definitely conscious of his ultimate Nantucket ancestry. 1965E. Richardson Living Island 171 August is also the month of tempests (for here [in Nova Scotia] electrical storms keep the name used by Shakespeare).
2. transf. and fig.
a. A violent commotion or disturbance; a tumult, rush; agitation, perturbation. tempest in a tea-pot: see tea-pot n.
c1315Shoreham vii. 642 Þat best..þat hyt hedde ine hym y-nome Soche a tempeste. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 273 Now is Gij in gret tempest, Sorwe he makeþ wiþ þe mest. 1472Coventry Leet Bk. 373 The gret tempestes diuisions & troubles that in late daies haue be in this our Reaume. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 458 Cheere the heart, That dies in tempest of thy angry frowne. 1606S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 12 Waues of tribulation, tempests of tentations. 1770Burke Corr. (1844) I. 243 In the midst of all this tempest the ministers..seem much at their ease. 1894H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Rom. 61 Helen Craven was very pale and very silent during this parental tempest. 1909Daily Chron. 3 Dec. 1/2 This fine passage..drew a tempest of cheering.
†b. Calamity, misfortune, trouble. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16541 Moryne & hunger..had reft..al þe folk wyþ tempest vnkynde. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 394 For sleuth nor sleip sall nayne remayne in me, Off this tempest till I a wengeance se.
3. a. A confused or tumultuous throng; † a crowded assembly: cf. hurricane 2 b (obs.); a rushing or tearing crowd.
1746Smollett Advice 30 note, Not unaptly styled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the entertainment. There are also drum-major, rout, tempest, and hurricane, differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar. 1755J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 309 How to spend their hours in London more agreeably than in routs, drums, huricanes, and tempests. 1866Carlyle in Morning Star 5 Apr. 5/5 It turned out to be a tempest of wild horses, managed by young lads who had a turn for hunting with their grooms.
b. A person of stormy temper.
1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxiii, Henrique is a regular little tempest—his mother and I have given him up long ago.
†4. A time; a period, an occasion. (A verbalism of translation.) Obs.
1382Wyclif 2 Chron. xxviii. 9 In that tempest [Vulg. ea tempestate] was ther a prophete of the Lord. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 337 In þat tempest [sub ea tempestate] went out þat man þat heet Liber pater.
5. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as tempest-anger, tempest-cloud, tempest-pitch, tempest-rack (rack n.1 3), tempest-shock, tempest-speed, tempest-spirit, tempest-time;
b. instrumental, etc., as tempest-beaten, tempest-blown, tempest-born, tempest-charged, tempest-driven, tempest-flung, tempest-harrowed, tempest-haunted, tempest-rent, tempest-rocked, tempest-shaken, tempest-shattered, tempest-smitten, tempest-swept, tempest-throttled, tempest-torn, tempest-troubled, tempest-winged, tempest-worn adjs.; also tempest-tossed;
c. objective, etc., as tempest-bearing, tempest-clear, tempest-cleaving, tempest-loving, tempest-proof, tempest-scoffing, tempest-walking adjs.; also tempest-raiser.
1898W. Watson Poems, Tomb of Burns, Byron's *tempest-anger, tempest-mirth.
1747Dunkin in Francis's tr. Horace, Ep. ii. ii. 307 Nor yet expos'd to *Tempest-bearing Strife.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 433 The *tempest-beaten Vessel's stern. 1759Johnson Rasselas xxi, I rejoiced like a tempest-beaten sailor at his entrance into the harbour.
1865Baring-Gould Werewolves x. 177 To leave the summer cirrus and turn to the *tempest-born rain-cloud.
1826J. G. Whittier Vale of Merrimac in Free Press (Newburyport, Mass.) 29 June 4/1 And the *tempest-charg'd vapor their tall tops embraces.
1868M. Collins Sweet Anne Page I. 149 Always the white sky should be *tempest-clear.
1818Shelley Rosalind & Helen (1819) 77 That a *tempest-cleaving swan Of the songs of Albion..Found a nest in Thee.
1849tr. De la Motte Fouque's Sir Elidoc 166 His *tempest-driven heart.
1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad 80 On many a *tempest-harrowed ocean tost.
1880Longfellow Ultima Thule 7 Are not these The *tempest-haunted Hebrides, Where sea-gulls scream?
1727–46Thomson Summer 1123 The *tempest-loving raven scarce Dares wing the dubious dusk.
1660Bond Scut. Reg. 403 Like one Ship..*tempest-proof upon a troubled Sea.
1844Lowell Legend of Brittany ii. xi, Before its eyes the sullen *tempest-rack Would fade.
1877tr. Lacroix's Sc. & Lit. Mid. Ages (1878) 225 A special class of sorcerers called *tempest-raisers.
1822T. Mitchell Aristoph. I. 186 Must I be thus *tempest-rent?
c1820S. Rogers Italy, Camp. Florence 176 Now *tempest-rocked, now whirling round and round.
1817Shelley Laon i. 23 The *tempest-shaken wood, The waves, the fountains, and the hush of night.
1845Longfellow Seaweed vii, in Poems 99 From the wreck of Hopes far-scattered, *Tempest-shattered, Floating waste and desolate.
1837Spirit of the Woods 84 Mid sorrow's *tempest-shock.
1844J. G. Whittier Bridal of Pennacook in United States Mag. Sept. 239 Sometimes The *tempest-smitten tree receives From one small root the sap which climbs Its topmost spray and crowning leaves.
1854J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. iv. 79 Struggling along the drifted and *tempest-swept defile.
1633Ford Broken H. iv. ii, Like *tempest-threaten'd trees unfirmly rooted.
1930R. Campbell Adamastor 51 Doomed vessels..Reared to the stars their *tempest-throttled cry.
1598Drayton Heroic Ep., Brandon to Q. Mary 77 After long trauaile, *tempest-torne and wrack'd. 1918W. S. Churchill in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1977) IV. Compan. i. 418 Prompt and clear must be those great decisions which assign definite limits to the increasing confusion and miseries of the vanquished and above the tempest-torn waters light again the beacons of mankind. 1939R. Campbell Flowering Rifle ii. 64 The wide-winged and wounded Albatross The tempest-torn that rides (and bears) the strife.
1825Richardson Sonnets 141, I marked the *tempest-troubled wave. 1952R. Campbell tr. Baudelaire's Poems 183 She sought, with tempest-troubled gaze, the skies Of her first innocence.
1820Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. 35 These are Jove's *tempest-walking hounds.
1727–46Thomson Summer 344 Till, *tempest-wing'd, Fierce Winter sweeps them from the face of day.
▪ II. tempest, v.
(ˈtɛmpɪst, † tɛmˈpɛst)
[ad. OF. tempeste-r (12th c.), f. tempeste: see prec.]
1. trans. To affect by or as by a tempest; to throw into violent commotion, to agitate violently.
1390Gower Conf. II. 167 And whan hir list the Sky tempeste, The reinbowe is hir Messager. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. i. (1869) 174 Tempested it was gretliche, of gret tempestes and of wyind. 1480Caxton Ovid's Met. xi. xix, The wyndes..renne so radely, that nothing may lette them to tempeste alle the see. 1638Penit. Conf. (1657) 346 Rooted most when most tempested. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 412 Fish..part huge of bulk Wallowing unweildie, enormous in thir Gate, Tempest the Ocean. 1715–20Pope Iliad xxi. 30 The huge dolphin tempesting the main. 1830H. N. Coleridge Grk. Poets (1834) 129 As when two winds—the north and west..suddenly tempest the sea. 1857H. Miller Test. Rocks iii. 137 Its wonderful whales..of the reptilian class..must have tempested the deep.
2. fig. To disturb violently (a person, the mind).
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. iv. 28 (Camb. MS.), I haue som what conforted the so þat thow tempest the nat thus with al thi fortune. a1415Lydgate Temple of Glas 1157 For no turment, þat þe fallen shal, Tempest þe not. 1521Fisher Serm. Luther Wks. (1876) 312 Ioannes wiccliff with other moo which sore tempested the chyrche. 1621T. Williamson tr. Goulart's Wise Vieillard 25 Tempested with disordered thoughts and vnruly passions. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xlvii, A mind..tempested up by a thousand various passions. 1819Campbell Spec. Brit. Poets I. 164 A man..has hardly tied the fatal knot when his house is tempested by female eloquence.
3. intr. Of the wind, weather, etc., and impers.: To be tempestuous, to blow tempestuously; to rage, storm. Also fig. dial. or arch.
c1477Caxton Jason 56 Sone after the winde began to rise and tempest horrible and impetuouse. 1530Palsgr. 754/1 Herde you nat howe it tempested to nyght? 1601B. Jonson Poetaster v. i, Other Princes..Thunder, and tempest, on those learned heads, Whom Caesar with such honour doth aduance. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 207 (tr. Ovid's Met. xi. 521) Blind night in darkness tempests. 1875W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 119 It tempestes so as we're troubled to pitch the hay upon to the stack anyhows in the wurreld. a1907F. Thompson Works (1913) I. 120 Flew spurned the pebbled stars: those splendours then Had tempested on earth, star upon star.
Hence ˈtempested ppl. a., tossed or afflicted by a tempest; ˈtempesting vbl. n.
a1631Donne Serm. xxxvii. (1640) 366 No repentance [can] stay his tempested and weather-beaten conscience. 1811Shelley St. Irvyne ix. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 196 And the moon dimly gleam'd through the tempested air. 1846Trench Miracles iv, The Church of Christ has evermore resembled this tempested bark. 1882Myers Renewal of Youth 288 Rocked by strange blast and stormy tempestings. |