| 释义 |
▪ I. entrain, v.1|ɛnˈtreɪn|
[ad. Fr. entraîn-er, f. en- (L. inde) away + traîner to drag.]
1. trans. To draw away with or after oneself; in early use fig. to bring on as a consequence; in mod. use lit. but rare.
1568T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 40 Faith true obtaine..Friend deere entraine. 1603Florio Montaigne iii. v. (1632) 471 Yeares entraine me if they please, but backward. 1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. Ded., You entrain Humility and Integrity for your Retainers. 1698Vanbrugh æsop ii. i, The Stomach..with its destiny entrain'd their fate. 1835Lytton Rienzi iv. ii. 198 Thou wert entrained to the slaughter. 1858Mayne Reid in Chamb. Jrnl. IX. 172 Entrained in the crowd. 1881J. Hill in Metal World 8 Oct. 342 Independent of the water entrained.
2. spec. Of a fluid: to carry (particles) along by its flow; spec. of steam which carries along particles of water through a pipe or particles of sugar from an evaporating pan during the manufacture of sugar; also, to incorporate (air-bubbles) in concrete. Hence enˈtrainer, ‘a device for saturating a current of gas or steam with liquid, usually a hollow or pocket for collecting a liquid in such a way that it will be picked up by a passing current of gas or steam’ (Cent. Dict. Suppl.); enˈtraining vbl. n. and ppl. a.; enˈtrainment1, the action of the verb in these senses.
1892Mod. Lang. Notes Nov. 393 Entrain, entrainement—evidently from Fr. entrainer. The action of carrying over particles of syrup or sugar by the steam exhausted from vacuum-pans in boiling sugar. 1930Engineering 14 Feb. 213/1 Resulting in further steam being entrained in the jet. 1955Brown & Dey India's Mineral Wealth (ed. 3) ix. 350, 0.63 ton of cement would be used for 100 cubic feet of concrete, without the help of pozzolanas or air entrainment. 1955Bull. Atomic Sci. Jan. 2/1 He wrote down the mathematical equations for the entrainment of air in the balance wheel of the watch. 1956Entraining [see air n.1 B. I. 1]. 1958New Scientist 7 Aug. 573/1 There are actual droplets of liquid boiler water which have been carried out of the boiler, or entrained, by the steam. 1959Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. I. 157 This figure shows the existence of an entrainment current (that is, water dragged along). 1962Engineering 30 Mar. 430 Manufacturers of air-entraining Portland cement.
▪ II. entrain, v.2|ɛnˈtreɪn|
[f. en-1 + train n.]
1. trans. To put into a railway-train.
1881Standard 11 July 6 The Volunteers were en-trained and despatched to their destinations without either undue hurry or delay. 1882Alison in Standard 7 Aug. 5/7 The guns and troops were quietly entrained at the..Junction.
2. intr. To go on board a train.
1890Daily News 8 Apr. 3/3 The troops should be back..in sufficient time to..entrain for London. 1899Ibid. 21 Nov. 5/4 The debarkation and entraining of the troops as they arrive here is being carried out rapidly... The troops entrain at the docks. 1914R. Brooke Coll. Poems (1918) Mem. p. cxxx, We..entrained in the last train left. 1938Auden & Isherwood On Frontier ii. i. 68 The clerk entraining for the office. 1968G. Jones Hist. Vikings ii. i. 65 If he entrains at Malmö..for Stockholm and Uppsala.
Hence enˈtraining vbl. n.
1881Volunteer Rev. in Scotsman 29 Nov., The entraining and detraining of the men was carried on satisfactorily.
▪ III. ‖ entrain, n.|ɑ̃træ̃|
[Fr.]
Enthusiasm, animation.
1859Once a Week 8 Oct. 304/2 The result of all this is to be seen in a greater degree of entrain than can perhaps be found in any other congregation of holiday-seeking Britons. 1888Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere III. v. xxxi. 12 The instruments dashed into the opening allegro with..an entrain that took the room by storm. 1919J. C. Snaith Love Lane xxiii. 117 Corporal Hollis could not be expected to display the entrain of a sergeant of the Black Watch. 1954E. Jenkins Tortoise & Hare ix. 93 She wanted to put her head out of the window, but that would have shown too much entrain. |