| 释义 |
▪ I. † enˈtail, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 4 entaille, 4–7 entaile, -yle, (4 Sc. eyntayill, 5 entaylle, -eyle).
[a. OF. entaille fem., n. of action f. entailler entail v.1; cf. Pr. entalh, OSp. entalle, Pg. entalho, It. intaglio masc., of similar meaning.]
I. Cutting, carving; pattern or shape.
1. Ornamental carving; sculpture. Also concr.
c1300K. Alis. 4671 A schryne, Of entaile riche and fyne. c1400Rowland & O. 412 Ane helme of riche entayle, Of precyouse stanes the appayrayle. c1400Destr. Troy 1650 Caruen in Cristall by crafte of Entaile. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vi, A ryche ymage of sylver..of meruaylous entayle. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 139 Foure condytes meruaylously wrought by subtyll entayle.
concr.c1430Lydg. Bochas ii. xv. (1554) 54 b, Nothing seyn of all the whole entaile.
2. transf. ‘Cut’, fashion of a garment; shape, pattern, outline; figure, stature. Also, guise, semblance.
c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2671 Honge we him in his entaile. c1325Poems temp. Edw. II (Percy) lvi, A new entaile have thei i-fend..The raye is turned overthwart. c1400Rom. Rose 1081 Aboute hir nekke of gentyl entayle Was shete the riche chevesaile. c1430Lydg. Bochas ii. xxvii. (1554) 63 a, Among which hilles..Been craggy roches most hidous of entaile. c1570Thynne Pride & Lowl., Another was there, much of his entaile.
3. The phrase of good (rich) entail (sense 1, 2) was app. taken as = ‘of good quality’. Hence (persons) of entaile: of ‘quality’ or rank.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace. c1380Sir Ferumb. 730 A smot him on þe helm an heȝ þat was of god entaille. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3608 With ix hundreth knightes of good entaile. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (1840) 188 Cytryne of colour, lyke garnettes of entayle. a1450Le Morte Arth. 3273 And yiffe we may wyth spechys spede Wyth trew trowthes of entayle.
II. The keeping accounts by tallies.
c1488Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 70 He [Chief Pantrer] receivythe the brede of the Sergeaunt of the bake-house by entayle. Ibid. 77 Ale or beer..pourveyede by entayle.
▪ II. entail, n.2 Law.|ɛnˈteɪl|
Forms: see entail v.2
[f. entail v.2]
The action of entailing; the state of being entailed.
1. The settlement of the succession of a landed estate, so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by any one possessor; the rule of descent settled for any estate; the fixed or prescribed line of devolution. Also in phrases: to break, cut (off) the entail, statute of entails, entail male.
c1380[see transferred use 2 a.]. 1467Bury Wills (1850) 47, I wylle that myn executors and myn feffeis see the best mene that they can in restoryng ageyn to the olde intaile of the seid place. Ibid. 50 Not conteynyd in myne dede of entayle. 1580D. Powel Lloyd's Cambria 138 To his heires male by an especial Entaile aforesaid. 1601Shakes. All's Well iv. iii. 313 For a Cardceue he will..cut th' intaile from all remainders. 1660Burney κέρδ. Δῶρον (1661) 54 In passing of Fines and cutting of the Entails. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull (1755) 49 His sister Peg's name being in the entail, he could not make a thorough settlement without her consent. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 405 My father too..might have cut off the Intail. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. (1802) I. i. 223 By introducing entails..to render their possessions unalienable and everlasting. 1796Jane Austen Pride & Prej. (1833) 268 This son was to join in cutting off the entail. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 252 The statute of entails..is also to be referred to this reign. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. iii. 341 Entails were not perpetual; land was always in the market.
2. transf. and fig. in various senses:
a. The securing (an office, dignity, privilege) to a predetermined line of successors; a predetermined order of succession.
b. The transmission, as an inalienable inheritance, of qualities, conditions, obligations, etc.
c. Necessary sequence.
d. concr. That which is entailed; a secured inheritance.
a.c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 391 Men supposen þis entaile [of tithes] was not expresly confermyd bi criste. 1555Bradford in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xlv. 131 Thoughe the Quene..disheryt the right heyres apparent, or breake her fathers intayle. 1622Bacon Hen. VII Wks. (Bohn) 315 So as the entail might seem rather a personal favour to him and his children, than a total disinherison to the house of York. a1699Stillingfl. Serm. II. i. (R.), How comes the entail to be made to all his [St. Peter's] successors? 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xv. 182 Harley..zealously supported the entail of the crown on the princess Sophia.
b.1706De Foe Jure Div. viii. 188 They're Traytors else to the Entails of Sense. 1780Burke Econ. Ref. Wks. 1842 I. 246 An intail of dependence is a bad reward of merit. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 218 The natural entail of disease and character. 1879Geo. Eliot Theo. Such ii. 36 That entail of social ignorance.
c.1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. ii. vi. §10 If God by his immediate hand of providence did not cut off the entail of effects upon their natural causes. a1847R. Hamilton Rew. & Punishm. ii. (1853) 82 The entail of vice upon the circumstances of the present life.
d.1822Byron Werner ii. ii. 305 Ignorance And dull suspicion are a part of his Entail will last him longer than his lands.
†3. pl. (See quot.; app. humorous use of phrase belonging to 1.)
1790W. Marshall Midl. Counties (E.D.S.) s.v., When the reapers come near to the finish, they cut off each other's entails, or ends of the lands: the whole finish together.
▪ III. † enˈtail, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 4–5 entaille, entaylle, Sc. entailze, (6 entally), 4–7 entaile. Also 6 intaile, -yle.
[a. OF. entaille-r, corresp. to Pr. entalhar, entaillar, Sp. entallar, It. intagliare:—late L. intaleāre, f. in into + taleāre (Fr. tailler) to cut.]
1. trans. To carve, sculpture; to make carvings upon, ornament with carvings; to portray or represent by carving.
c1394P. Pl. Crede 167 A curious cros craftly entayled. c1400Rom. Rose 140 Wel entailled With many riche portraitures. 1481Caxton Myrr. iii. xi. 158 In thyse grete colompnes or pylers..were entaylled & grauen the vii scyences. 1483― Gold. Leg. 355/3 They wold not entaylle ne kerue hit [an ydolle]. 1555Fardle Facions ii. i. 117 Plate..curiously wrought and entallied. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. iii. 27 Golden bendes, which were entayld With curious antickes. 1637J. Anchoran Porta Linguarum 183 A Carver or an image maker, graves, carves, and entailes a statue.
absol.a1500Chaucer's Dreme 11 Couth well entayle in imagery.
b. transf. with reference to embroidery.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 612 Tortors and trulofez entayled so þyk.
c. In pass. (cf. mould, carve, etc.) of a living body.
1501Douglas Pal. Hon. i. xxxix, His bodie weill entailȝeit euerie steid.
2. To engrave in intaglio. rare as distinct sense.
1538Leland Itin. VII. 57 [Cornelines] and other Stonys wel entaylid for Seales. 1577–87Harrison England in Holinshed xxiii. 128 Costlie stones alreadie intailed for seales.
3. To cut into, make an incision in.
1601Holland Pliny (1634) II. 259 Leafed after the maner of passe-floures..but that they be intailed or indented deeper.
b. absol.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 29 The mortall steele despiteously entayld Deepe in their flesh.
4. To cut notches in a ‘tally’; to keep an account by tally.
c1488Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 78 The yomen of the pycher house..intayle with both buttlers of wyne & ale.
▪ IV. entail, v.2|ɛnˈteɪl|
Forms: α. 4–6 entaile, 5 entayle, 7– entail. β. 5–6 intaile, -yle, 7–8 intail.
[f. en-1 + AF. tailé tail a. or taile n., entail. In legal Anglo-Lat. (16th c.) intalliāre. See further under tail a.]
1. Law. trans. To convert (an estate) into a ‘fee tail’ (feudum talliatum); to settle (land, an estate, etc.) on a number of persons in succession, so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by any one possessor. Const. on, to, upon.
1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 390 Lande entaylid by mannys lawe. 1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. (1841) 341 The said Herry schalle bye and entayle v. markes worthe of londe to hym and his eyres. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 60 Pream., Londes and tenementis whiche were intailed to him and to his Auncestres. 1590Greene Never too late (1600) 55 What Lands to sel, how they were either tied by Statute, or Intaild? 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. i. xiv. 45 The old man being onely Tenant for life, and the lands entaild on one young Gentleman. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. vi. Wks. (1851) 241 An old craft of the Clergy to secure thir Church Lands, by entailing them on some Saint. 1765Act 5 Geo. III, c. 26 Pream., [They] should convey, settle, and intail the lands so to be purchased. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1863) 87 The house and park..were entailed on a distant cousin. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Aristocr. Wks. (Bohn) II. 86 They cannot sell them [houses], because they are entailed.
2. transf. and fig. To bestow or confer as if by entail; to cause to descend to a designated series of possessors; to bestow as an inalienable possession.
1509Hawes Examp. Virt. xii. 240 The other gardyn is celestyall..And is entayled to vs in generall. 1513More Edw. V, 3 The Crowne of the Realme [was] entayled to the Duke of Yorke and his Heires. 1589Pappe w. Hatchet B, Neuer entaile thy wit to the eldest. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, i. i. 194, I here entayle The Crowne to thee and to thine Heires for euer. 1630Prynne God no Impostor 2 The benefits of the Gospell are intayled vpon them alone. 1649Selden Laws Eng. i. xii. (1739) 22 Nor then had the Pope the whole power herein intailed to his Triple Crown. 1682Burnet Rights Princes ii. 57 Bishops might have entailed their Sees to their Kinred or Friends. 1703Pope Thebais 111 Thou Fury, then, some lasting curse entail. 1752Fielding Amelia ii. iii, Can I bear to think of entailing beggary on the posterity of my Amelia? 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames Pref. 7 Intails distress and obloquy on an innocent offspring. 1870Lowell Study Wind. 214 Luther..entailed upon us the responsibility of private judgement.
†b. In occasional uses: To make (a person) ‘heir’ to a possession, condition, etc.; to cause a person to become permanently (something). Obs.
1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xxxvi. 61 Either of these intail a mans mind to misery. a1659Osborn Characters, &c. (1673) 639 For he did undo By writing them, what Wit entayl'd thee to. 1683Penn. Archives I. 79 Amount to soe vast a sume as will entail me yor Perpetuall Debtor.
†3. To attach as an inseparable appendage to, upon, an estate or inheritance; hence gen. to ‘tack on’, attach. Obs.
1593Nashe 4 Lett. Confut. 63 It hath pleased M. Printer..to intaile a vaine title to my name. 1607Heywood Woman Kilde Wks. 1874 II. 94 All his mad trickes were to his land intailed, And you are heyre to all. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 17 Upon the latter of which the Musulman empire is entayld. 1669Bunyan Holy Citie 89 His Name was always so entailed to that Doctrine. 1713Derham Phys. Theol. iv. 188 The allotment of Food is..entailed to the very Constitution and Nature of Animals.
4. To impose (inconvenience, expense, labour) upon a person. Chiefly said of cirumstances or actions; hence occas. of personal agents.
1665Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xix. (1675) 281 Yet Custom has so Entail'd some ways of Expence upon some Stations in the World. 1771Junius Lett. xlii. 223 What an enormous expense is entailed..upon this unhappy country. 1826Scott Provinc. Antiq. Which shall, so long as the building stands, entail disgrace on all who have had to do with it. 1846Prescott Ferd. & Is. I. i. 95 The long wars..which a disputed succession entailed on the country. 1851Gladstone Glean. IV. lxi. 42, I..shall not entail upon your Lordship the charge of handing to and fro replications and rejoinders. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §16. 104 The great amount of labour which this [assistance] might entail upon him.
5. Simply. To bring on by way of necessary consequence. Of premises: To involve logically, necessitate (a particular conclusion).
1829Southey Sir T. More I. 267 A conquest which brought with it no evil and entailed no regret. 1839E. D. Clarke Trav. 134/1 The scheme..was found to entail greater evils than those he was labouring to put down. 1854Thackeray Newcomes I. 32 The weight of business which this present affliction entails. 1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith Introd. 4 That failure would not entail the conclusion that, etc. |