| 释义 |
‖ taxis|ˈtæksɪs|
Pl. taxes |-iːz|.
[a. Gr. τάξις arrangement, order, n. of action from τάσσειν to arrange.]
1. Surg. A manipulative operation employed for replacing parts which have quitted their natural situation, reducing hernia, etc.
1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 198 The Reduction was attempted in vain, by the Operation called the Taxis. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 38 In about an hour after, the reduction was compleated, by again having recourse to the inverted position and the taxis. 1887D. Maguire Massage iii. (ed. 4) 43 The taxis which surgeons use on ruptures, is but..a methodical pressure used by the hand on a ruptured tumour for reducing it.
†2. Arch. Structural adaptation of elements; the adaptation of parts to the end for which a building is erected; ordonnance. Obs.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Taxis.., in the ancient architecture, signifies the same with Ordonnance in the new, and is described by Vitruvius to be that which gives every part of a building its just dimensions, with regard to its use.
3. Anc. Gr. Hist. A company of soldiers, esp. foot-soldiers; a division of troops varying in size in different military organizations, and accordingly answering to a modern company, battalion, regiment, or brigade; in Athens, the quota of foot-soldiers supplied by each of the ten local tribes or Phylæ.
1850Grote Greece ii. lvi. VII. 108 Each taxis or company,..had its own taxiarch. 1856Ibid. ii. xcii. XII. 80 The Macedonian Phalanx... The largest division of it which we find mentioned..is called a Taxis. How many of these Taxeis there were in all, we do not know.
4. Philol. Order or arrangement of words.
1885Amer. Jrnl. Philol. VI. 361 The double taxis (grammatical and logical) of the Latin.
5. Nat. Hist. Classification, taxonomy.
1891in Cent. Dict.
6. Biol. The reaction of a free organism to external stimulus by movement in a particular direction. [Introduced in this sense in Ger. by F. Czapek 1898, in Jahrb. für wissensch. Bot. XXXII. 308.]
1899Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 180 The phenomena of this [irritability] reaction may be classed under the following heads:—(1) Taxis or movement (‘geo-’ or ‘photo-taxis’) [etc.]. 1904Science 14 Oct. 487 The mechanical interpretations of the tropisms and taxes as held by Loeb, Bethe and Uexkull. 1908Driesch Sc. & Philos. Organism II. 9 In the simple free directive movement or ‘taxis’ it is the typical relation between the direction of the stimulus and the direction of the effect, with regard to the main axis or the plane of symmetry of the organism, which separates this type of motion from others. Ibid. 13 ‘Taxis’ signifies the specific orientation of a specific axis of the organism with regard to the direction of any directed agent of the medium. 1940,1955[see kinesis 2]. 1973Nature 17 Aug. 468/1 Behaviourism as a general theory of animal behaviour was woefully inadequate—a fact of which anyone must be convinced who tries today to read Jacques Loeb on tropism, taxes and the like. |