| 释义 |
engram|ˈɛngræm|
[ad. G. engramm (R. Semon Die Mneme (1904) ii. 20), f. Gr. ἐν en- + γράµµα letter.]
A memory-trace; a permanent and heritable physical change in the nerve tissue of the brain, posited to account for the existence of memory. So engraphy |ˈɛngrəfɪ|, the action of exciting an organism in such a way that a permanent change or engram results. So enˈgraphic a., of or pertaining to engraphy; enˈgraphically adv. Cf. ecphore.
1908Mind XVII. 275 Forel..uses the ‘engram’ theory of Semon. 1921L. Simon tr. R. Semon's Mneme ii. 24 When an organism has been temporarily stimulated and has passed, after the cessation of the stimulus, into the condition of ‘secondary indifference’, it can be shown that such organism..has been permanently affected. This I call the engraphic action of a stimulus, because a permanent record has been written or engraved on the irritable substance. I use the word engram to denote this permanent change wrought by a stimulus; the sum of such engrams in an organism may be called its ‘engram-store’. Ibid. 32 Neither can such influences act engraphically. Ibid. 274 The engram-association is a result of engraphy and becomes manifest on ecphory. 1923Ogden & Richards Meaning of Meaning iii. 138 Past strikings [of a match] have left, in our organisation, engrams, residual traces which help to determine what the mental process will be. 1925C. Fox Educat. Psychol. 10 When a child simultaneously sees his nurse and receives food, both the optical stimulus and the taste stimuli produce their engraphic effects and the engrams are permanently associated. 1927Joad Mind & its Workings 40 What I am aware of when I appear to remember something is not the past occurrence which, as I say, I remember, but a present state or modification of my body. This present state or modification is called an engram. 1951G. Humphrey Thinking viii. 226 The tendency to substantialize the end product of a part of the activity, and to speak..of engrams, neural imprints, sensation, [etc.]. 1967New Scientist 27 July 206/1 The two most popular chemical contenders for this elusive ‘memory trace’ or ‘engram’ have been ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein. |