| 释义 |
enforcement|ɛnˈfɔəsmənt|
Also 6–8 in-.
[a. OF. enforcement: see enforce v. and -ment.]
The action or process of enforcing.
†1. The action or process of increasing the strength of anything (esp. an armed force, etc.); concr. a reinforcement. Obs.
1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. iv. 35 Such a force of Irish Rebels now ready to be shipped..for their assistance and enforcement. 1682Temple Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 406 The Prince of Conde was sent in haste out of Flanders, with a great Enforcement. 1762Acc. of Bks. in Ann. Reg. 250/1 Something equivalent to those enforcements and lowering of sounds which gives such a pleasant variety.
†2. Energetic activity; an effort. Obs. rare.
1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) To Rdr., Their busie inforcement hath kindled in others the like hatred and contempt. 1551Recorde Pathw. Know. To Rdr., To accomplishe so haulte an enforcement.
3. The urging a demand, pressing home an argument, representation, or statement.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 33 Forcible reasons, enforcements, rebukes, and perswasions. 1587Golding De Mornay xxxiii. 537 What inforcements..to perswade men? 1635Austin Medit. 165 These preach (as St. John, after, did;) using the same manner of Enforcement. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 162 §10 Persuaded the tenants..to entreat his enforcement of their representations. 1861Smiles Engineers II. 160 It cost him many years of arguing, illustration, and enforcement. 1880E. White Cert. Relig. 54 How large a space is occupied with the enforcement of this claim.
†4. The action of bringing force to bear upon, doing violence to, or overcoming by force (a person or thing). Also fig. a strained interpretation (of words). Obs.
1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1061/1 Where he did so much by batterie & other kinds of inforcement. 1583Fulke Defence Answ. Pref. §10. 28, I marvel at your bold assertions, and abhor your impudent enforcements. 1597Shakes. Rich. III, iii. vii. 8 And his enforcement of the Citie Wiues. 1597― 2 Hen. IV, i. i. 120 As the Thing, that's heauy in it selfe, Vpon enforcement, flyes with greatest speede.
5. Constraint, compulsion; a constraining or compelling influence. rare in mod. use.
1475Caxton Jason 19 b, He dremed of his lady for thenforcement of loue. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark 41 The soule..throughe thenforcement of disease had forsaken the bodye. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 57 b, Often tymes the soldiour saieth, his capitaines biddyng was his enforcement. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. iii. Wks. (1851) 125 For any enforcement that Artur with all his Chivalry could make. 1820Keats Ode to Psyche 2 O Goddess! hear these tuneless numbers, wrung By sweet enforcement. a1845Hood Lamia vii. 60 By thy own enforcement [I] come to force thee, Being passion-mad.
6. The forcible exaction of a payment, an action, etc.; the enforcing or compelling the fulfilment of (a law, demand, obligation); † concr. a means of enforcing, a ‘sanction’.
1597Daniel Civ. Wares iv. lxiv, Though hee had then inforcements of expence Both for offence, retaynements, and defence. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 266 To see the ruine of our Protestation, and the inforcement of a Slavish life. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxi. (1695) 150 The Rewards and Punishments..which the Almighty has established as the Enforcements of his Law. 1756Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. I. 78 Is it consistent with the divine wisdom to prescribe rules to us, and leave the enforcement of them to the folly of human institutions? 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxv, The occasion seemed to require an enforcement of domestic discipline. 1876Green Short Hist. iii. §7 (1882) 150 [The] weakness [of the Charter] in providing no means for the enforcement of its own stipulations.
7. attrib. and Comb. (sense 6) enforcement officer, enforcement staff, enforcement work.
1946How Britain was fed in War Time (Ministry of Food) iv. 40 At the end of 1944 there were 415 Ministry of Food Statutory Orders in force... The wide new field of offences resulting from the Ministry's Orders made it necessary to appoint a special enforcement staff. 1947Evening News 17 Dec. 1/1 After weeks of secret inquiry by his enforcement staff, Mr. Strachey [Minister of Food] has..been presented with a report. Ibid., All Ministry enforcement officers are now empowered to search premises and confiscate any meat suspected of having been illegally killed. 1948Hansard Commons 11 Mar. 1405 Eighty-four inspectors are employed on all forms of enforcement work. 1959Times 17 July 8/3 Devon County Council agreed to spend {pstlg}500 on the appointment of four plain clothes litter wardens... The wardens, officially called enforcement officers, will be in action for eight weeks.
b. Special Comb. enforcement notice, the official notification from a local planning authority that a particular development is considered to be in breach of planning legislation, and requiring that the breach be remedied within a specified time.
1947Town & Country Planning Act 10 & 11 Geo 6 c. 51 § 23(2) Any notice served under this section (hereinafter called an ‘*enforcement notice’) shall specify the development which is alleged to have been carried out without the grant of..permission. 1976Southern Even. Echo (Southampton) 2 Nov. 18/4 A Cadnam man, who failed to obey enforcement notices served on him by New Forest District Council, was summoned at Totton court. |