| 释义 |
‖ tarsus Anat.|ˈtɑːsəs|
Pl. -i.
[mod.L., a. Gr. ταρσός the flat of the foot between the toes and the heel; also the rim of the eyelid; in F. tarse.]
1. The first or posterior part of the foot: a collective name for the seven small bones of the human ankle, arranged in two transverse series, the proximal or tibial, consisting of the astragalus and os calcis (or calcaneum), and the distal, or metatarsal, consisting of the naviculare (centrale, or scaphoides), the cuboides, and the three ossa cuneiformia; also, the corresponding part in mammalia generally, and in some reptiles and amphibia.
1676Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. vii. ii. 479 The Conjunction is called Synarthrosis; as in the joyning..the Tarsus to the Metatarsus. 1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Tarsus..also eight backward Bones of the Foot, ordered like Grates. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Tarsus, is the Space between the lower end of the two Focils, and the beginning of the Five long Bones which sustain, and are articulated with the Toes. 1872Nicholson Palæont. 305 The small bones of the ankle, known as the tarsus. 1875Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. (1883) 225.
b. In birds, the third segment of the leg, the shank (which is rarely fleshy or feathered), corresponding to the mammalian tarsus and metatarsus conjoined: = tarso-metatarsus.
1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 253 (Birds, Bucco) Tarsus shorter than the exterior toe; the anterior toes united to the second joint. 1874Coues Birds N.W. 321 Tarsi nearly naked, the feathers extending but a little way below the heel-joint. 1880A. R. Wallace in 19th Cent. XXXV. 100.
c. In insects and other Arthropoda, a series of small articulations forming the true foot; in spiders, the last joint, forming, with the preceding joint or metatarsus, the foot.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxviii. 48 [In insects] the foot or Tarsus, is almost universally monodactyle. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 155 (Crustacea, Cryptopoda) None of the tarsi are fin-shaped. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 311 (Arachnides, Clotho) The tarsi, only, are furnished with spines. 1867J. Hogg Microscope ii. iv. 587 The tarsus, or foot of the Fly consists of a deeply bifid, membranous structure.
2. The thin plate of condensed connective tissue found in each eyelid. Now rare or Obs.
1691Ray Creation ii. (1692) 119 The side of the Triangle, which is toward the little Corner of the Eye, and is moveable, was reinforced with a Border, which supplies the place of the Tarsus. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Tarsus is also a name given by some anatomists to the cartilages which terminate the palpebræ, or eyelids. |