| 释义 |
endure, v.|ɛnˈdjʊə(r)|
Forms: α. 4 endeure, 5 enduer, 4– endure; β. (5 induyr), 5–8 indure.
[a. OF. endure-r to make hard, to endure, = Pr. endurar, It. indurare:—L. indūrāre, f. in (see in-) + dūrāre to harden, to endure, f. dūr-us hard.]
†I.
1. To indurate, harden. Hence fig. to make callous or indifferent. Also, in good sense, to make sturdy or robust, to strengthen. Obs.
α1382Wyclif Acts xix. 9 Summe weren endurid, or maad hard. 1407Exam. W. Thorpe in Arb. Garner VI. 58 O thine heart is full hard, endured as was the heart of Pharoah. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 128/3 And she endured and enformed all the other in prayer. 15..New Not-broune Mayd, Passion Cryste 388 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 16 So endured With synne and vyce is he. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. viii. 27 And manly limbs endur'd with litle care Against all hard mishaps and fortunelesse misfare.
β1578–1600Sc. Poems 16th C. II. 183 Priests, curse no more, And not your heartes indure. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 146 That suithlie, quhilk maks the mynde of man stubbornlie indured agains gud admonition.
II. To last; to suffer continuously.
2. intr. To last, continue in existence. Also, to persist, ‘hold out’ in any action, etc. † Formerly also, to continue in a certain state or condition, remain in a certain place (with complement expressing the state or place).
αc1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 655 In the castel noon so hardy was That eny while dorste therin endure. c1400Mandeville v. (1839) 47 Who so stopped that watre from hem, thei myghte not endure there. c1400Sowdone Bab. 1220 Thou maiste not longe endure. c1430Lydg. Chorle & Byrde (1818) 14 A wrecche never lyke to thryve But for tendure in poverte all my live. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 10 b, His lordship and power in this worlde may not long endure. a1555Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 33 So this great king endured a leper all the days of his life. 1607Topsell Serpents (1653) 613 Snakes and Adders..will not endure neer those places where they hear their voice. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 218 Myrtles will endure abroad near a month longer. 1711Col. Rec. Penn. II. 558 A free and open trade with us whilst the Sun endures. 1814Southey in Q. Rev. XII. 65 Such corruptions endure only for a season. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 407 Such a relation was too wide a departure from the ordinary nature and course of human affairs to endure long. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 35 Take the hope therein away, All we have to do is surely not endure another day.
βc1450Merlin ii. 24 Thus it indured longe tyme. c1460Towneley Myst., Processus Noe 24 It shalle begyn fulle sone to rayn uncessantle..and induyr dayes fourty. 1542Boorde Dyetary xxviii. (1870) 291 As long as the Agew doth indure. 1596Bell Surv. Popery i. i. ii. 5 The floud indured one whole yeare. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farme 407 If you wash them in salt brine, you shall make them white, and to indure long. 1676–7Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 524 The debate upon the Nine-pences..indured the whole day. 1743Lond. & Country Brew. ii. (ed. 2) 147 Neither Fermentation, nor Age, can ever disunite or separate such its ill Properties, while the Drink indures.
†b. To keep up with. Obs. rare.
1588R. Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 180 Men..did trauaile with the same [burdens] with so great ease and swiftnes, that the horse could not indure with them.
†c. To be continued through space; to extend from one point to another. Obs. rare.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxxxvii. (1812) 527 Highe wodes and forestes, that endured to the cyte of Constances. c1530― Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 303 Thei [woundes] began at his shouldres and endured downe to his thyghes. 1588R. Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 229 These Ilands endured vntill they came vnto a little gulfe. Ibid. 328 Many townes of Indians of this nation, the which indured twelue dayes iourney.
†d. quasi-trans. with out: To last out, persist during the continuance of (an event or action).
1636E. Dacres tr. Machiavel's Disc. Livy I. 133 They would sooner accept of the Kings, than endure out the warre.
3. trans. To undergo, bear, sustain (continuous pain, opposition, hardship, or annoyance); properly, to undergo without succumbing or giving way. Also absol.
αc1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 475 What more-hond moȝte he a-cheue Þat hade endured in worlde stronge. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6865 For-why na whitt of man may endure To se a devel in his propre figure. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 145 One sort founde him more than a Pope, the other felt him more than a King, and they both endured him an intollerable tyrant. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 206 To endure Exile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain. 1795Southey Joan of Arc v. 380 He can brave his cruelty, And triumph by enduring. 1876Green Short Hist. ii. §8 (1882) 101 Such anarchy as England had endured under Stephen.
β1594H. Willobie in Shaks. C. Praise 7 To indure the burning heate. 1671True Nonconf. 169 Your N.C. must indeed be very simple, that he could indure such imposing. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) II. 383 See how you can indure the prospect. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. ii. 238 These writers had..to indure..the punishment.
b. Of things: To support (a strain, pressure, wear and tear, etc.) without receiving injury; formerly also absol. Also in weaker sense, to undergo, suffer, be subjected to.
1413Lydg. Pylg. Sowle iv. xxx, Gold wylle well enduren under the hamoure enlargyng hymself withouten crasure. 1611Bible Pref. 1 The same endured many a storm of gaine-saying. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 70 Old trees, whose rind being very tough, can endure the wedge without splitting. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. §3. 247 The loss [of heat] endured..through radiation into space.
†c. To withstand as an adversary, support, sustain. Obs.
1375Barbour Bruce ii. 429 His men..war sa few that thai na mycht Endur the forss mar off the fycht. c1450Merlin ix. 134 That noon myght his strokes endure. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. i, Yet shalle I ryght wel endure you. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 64 We were obliged to endure the whole weight of the imperial army.
4. To suffer without resistance, submit to, tolerate; to contemplate with toleration.
α1475Caxton Jason 78 Notwithstanding he endured the malice of Zethephius..a certayn space. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. iii. 29 Brutus, baite not me, Ile not indure it. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. i. i. (1616) 533 He cannot endure a Costard⁓monger. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxiv. 129 Commonwealths can endure no Diet. 1716–8Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. xvi. 54 Men endure everything while they are in love. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §24 The tendency of your opinions is so bad that no good man can endure them. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 136 The French gentlemen have only so far improved their taste as to be able to endure good things.
β1617Markham Caval. ii. 86 Your horse..will not indure their companie. 1617Hieron Wks. (1619–20) II. 342 God..can indure none but cheerefull Seruitors. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 135, I could never indure him.
¶ Used for: To entertain the possibility of.
1677Feltham Resolves i. xxvii. (ed. 10) 47 St. Augustine would by no means indure the Antipodes: we are now of nothing more certain.
b. With object inf. (with to), subord. cl., or accus. and inf.
α15..New Not-broune Mayd (1842) 51 When your pleasure Was to endure To lye my sydes betwene. 1607Topsell Serpents (1653) 815 The people of Europe in no place..can endure them to be set on their Tables. 1611Bible Esther viii. 6 For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? a1627Hayward Four Y. Eliz. (1840) 44 He had openlie reproched the French soldiers, for enduringe their master's enimies to lyve. a1718Penn Maxims Wks. 1726 I. 836 Those that have employments should not be endured to leave them humourously. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. i. §5 We..cannot endure that truth should suffer through complaisance. 1792G. Wakefield Answer to Priestley 14 But my friends..must, and will, endure me both to speak and write of them and their opinions, etc. 1798― Reply to the Bp. of Landaff's Address 5 The public ear must endure to vibrate with an incessant application of wholesome doctrine. 1871Browning Pr. Hohenst. 1314 The man endured to help, not save outright the multitude.
β1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. vii. (1611) 195 The world will not indure to heare that we are, etc. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 205 They will not indure any of the common people to come neare them. 1654Trapp Comm. Ps. iv. 3 Wee cannot indure to hear sweet words from a stinking breath. 1660Trial Regic. 106 They ought not to indure to have their Jurisdiction so much as questioned.
†5. Of things: To permit of, be compatible with. arch.
1593Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 166 The wordes doe well endure it. 1823Scott Peveril xiii, I have that to say to this youth which will not endure your presence. |