| 释义 |
endue, indue, v.|ɛn-, ɪnˈdjuː|
Forms: α. 5–7 endew, 5– endue; β. 5–7, indew, (6 yndue), 5– indue.
[ad. OF. enduire (also in semi-learned form induire), corresp. to Pr. endurre, Cat. induir, It. indurre (cf. the ‘learned’ forms Sp. inducir, Pg. induzir, It. inducere):—L. indūcĕre (see induce), f. in into, on + dūcĕre to lead, draw. The etymological senses ‘lead into’, ‘draw into’, ‘lead on’, ‘draw on’, account for the Eng. senses 1–6, which approximately follow the senses of OF. enduire, induire. In senses 5–6, however, the word was associated with the nearly synonymous L. induĕre to put on (a garment), which it often renders in early translations from Latin. (Perhaps it would not be incorrect to say that the L. induĕre was adapted in a form coinciding with that of the verb ad. OF. enduire.) Senses 7–9 are of mixed origin: they are partly derived from the fig. use of sense 6 ‘to clothe’ (cf. invest); but the forms endew, indew in 15th c. (sense 8) are etymologically equivalent to endow (cf. OF. deu 1 pers. pres. indic. of doër to endow). Hence in 16th and 17th c. the verb endue had all the senses of endow in addition to those which it derived from OF. enduire and L. induĕre. In sense 9 the meanings proceeding from the three sources have so completely coalesced that it is often impossible to say which of them is the most prominent in a particular use of the word.
The form endue is now the more common in all the living senses, though some writers employ it and indue indiscriminately, while others appropriate the latter to those uses (esp. senses 5, 6) which suggest an etymological connexion with L. induere. The obs. sense 2, when referred to by mod. writers, has commonly the spelling endew.]
I. To bring in, introduce.
†1. To induct (a spiritual person) into a living, or (a secular person) into a lordship. In ME. const. in (= into). Obs.
c1400Apol. Loll. 50 For bischoppis, abbots, or oþer personis, to be putt in þer segis, or prestis to be induyd, or inled in Kirks. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 256 Othir dukes he schal endewe in the lordchippis of Itaile.
II. [after Fr. enduire.]
†2. Of a hawk: In early use, app. = ‘to put over’, i.e. to pass (the food contained in the ‘gorge’) into the stomach; in later use, to digest. (In 15th c. only absol.; from 16th c. also, to endue her gorge, her meat.) Hence transf. of other animals or of persons: To digest. Obs.
αc1430Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. I. 296 And ye shall say this hawke is ful y-gorged, and hath endewedd, or i⁓put over. 1486Bk. St. Albans A vij a, An hawke enduth neuer as long as hir bowellis bene full at her fedyng. a1528Skelton Col. Cloute 216 Your gorge not endewed Without a capon stewed. 1530Palsgr. 643/1, I mute, as a hauke dothe whan she hath endued her gorge. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 161 b, Give them [fowls] no newe, till you perceive..that the olde bee endewed. 1615–33Latham Falconry Gloss., Endew, is when a Hawke digesteth her meat, not onely putting it ouer from her gorge, but also cleansing her pannell. 1622Fletcher Sp. Curate v. ii, A good stomach will endue it easilie. 1626Donne Serm. lxviii. 684 Meat..such as they are able to digest and endue. 1708Motteux Rabelais v. ii, They eat and drank like men..endued or digested like men. 1721in Bailey.
β1575Turberv. Bk. Falconrie 327 Shee will have indewed it out of hande. 1615Latham Falconry (1633) 85 If the stomacke..do not digest and indue well. 1618― 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 114 Small birds..are meetest for that purpose, and easiest to be indued.
†b. fig. To take in, ‘inwardly digest’. Obs.
1596Spenser F.Q. iii. x. 9 None but she it vewd, Who well perceived all, and all indewd.
†3. intr. To be digested. Obs. rare.
c1575Perfect Bk. for kepinge Sparhawkes (1886) 7 Meates wch endew sonest and maketh the hardest panell.
† III. 4. To lead on; to bring up, educate, instruct. Obs. [See examples of enduire in Godef.]
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 16 The purpose of God was so to endewe man that he sholde neuer thynke this worlde his fynall habitacyon. 1541Paynel Catiline iii. 4 He was indued and brought up in conditions like Catiline. 1580Baret Alv. I. 135 To indue, instruct, or teach, imbuo. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 323 Paule..endued you at the first with a farre other manner of doctrine.
†b. To bring to a certain state or condition. Obs. rare—1.
1604Shakes. Oth. iii. iv. 146 For let our finger ake, and it endues Our other healthfull members, euen to a sense Of paine.
IV. To put on as a garment; to clothe or cover. [Influenced by L. induere.]
5. To assume, take upon oneself (a different form) [cf. L. induere personam, etc.]; in later use, to put on (garments, etc.). Also fig.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 369 A man and a woman be constreynede to indue an other forme. 1596Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 35 Infinite shapes of creatures there are bred..Some fitt for reasonable sowles t' indew. 1626G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xi. 232 Next, Phantasus..indues a tree, Earth, water, stone. 1814Scott Wav. xii, The Baron..had indued a pair of jack-boots of large dimensions. 1830Tennyson Poems 122 Could I..indue i' the spring Hues of fresh youth. 1848Lytton Harold xii. vii, Who had not yet endued his heavy mail. 1859J. H. Stirling Crit. Ess. Tennyson (1868) 71 How perfectly Tennyson can endue what state of mind he pleases. 1880R. Broughton Sec. Th. II. iii. v. 209 Regarding..the perfectly new Tweed suit which..he has endued.
6. To clothe (a person) with.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 239 The victor was induede with the coote of Iupiter. a1700Dryden tr. Ovid's Met. Wks. 1821 XII. 147 Endu'd with robes of various hue. 1850Hawthorne Scarlet L. viii. (1879) 123 A loose gown..such as elderly gentlemen loved to endue themselves with. 1866R. Chambers Ess. Ser. i. 182 His feet are raised upon the fender..he is endued with slippers and gown.
b. transf.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Fam. Ep. Wks. (1711) 136 The spring the woods with new [leaves] indews. 1857–8Sears Athan. iv. 27 Every particle of the poor dust that has ever indued us. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. ii. (ed. 12) 7 John Fry's..hat was indued with a plume of marsh-weed. 1875Wonders Phys. World II. iv. 305 This species indued in a thick shaggy fur.
†c. To overlay, cover. [The current sense of Fr. enduire.] Obs. rare.
1644Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 128 The miraculous Sudarium indued with the picture of our Saviour's face. 1794Blumenbach Mummies in Phil. Trans. LXXXIV. 187 The hard compact ones, wholly indued with rosin.
V. To ‘invest’ or endow with dignities, possessions, qualities, etc.
†7. To invest with honours, dignity, etc. Obs.
1565T. Randolph in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1 184. II. 201 All dignities that she cane indue hym with, are all reddie given and graunted. 1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 70 The quenis grace..maid thir personis following knychtis, and indewit thame with the honour thairof.
†8. To invest (a person or body of persons) with property; = endow v. 2. Const. of. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv., Induyn, doto. c1449Pecock Repr. 347 Founders and Endewers of eny persounes or comountees, if thei endewiden so richeli..weren not..to be blamed. 1494Fabyan vii. 370 He sette therin monkes of Cisteaux ordre, whyte monkes, and endewed them with ryche possessyons. 1496–7Plumpton Corr. 124 That it wyll please your sayd mastership to indue this woman in some lordship of yours of xx marke duryng hir lyfe. 1529Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Noo..Parsonage that hath a Vicar indued, nor any Benefice perpetually appropriate. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 258 The same Jaques had promised the king..to endue his sonne the Prince of Wales therewith [Flaundyrs]. 1579Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 231 To indue his brother with Ecclesiastical reuenues. 1590Greene Never too Late C iij, What substance hath Francesco to endue thee with? 1611Bible Gen. xxx. 20 And Leah said, God hath endued me with a good dowry. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. xviii. 102 A man modestly indued with the Goods and Fortune of this world.
†b. To endow (an institution). Obs.
α1539Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 The king hath of late erected..a goodly sumptuous house..and the same endewed with parkes, orchardes, gardein. 1565J. Calfhill Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 207 Constantinus..liberally did endue the church. 1601F. Godwin Bps. of Eng. 232 [He] very largely endued..the Abbey of Eynsham. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 838 How to endue the same with lands and revenues sufficient.
β1462J. Paston in Lett. 461 II. 113 Sir John Fastolf..mad his will in especiall that a college of vij monks shuld be stabilisshed, founded, and indewed. 1538Leland Itin. I. 10 St. Thomas Hospitale is..induid with sum Landes, al by the Citisens of Northampton.
†c. To supply with anything. Obs.
1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 43 More strong [reasons] I shall indue you with. 1607― Cor. ii. iii. 147 The Tribunes endue you with the Peoples Voyce.
†d. To bestow, grant. Const. dat. of pron.; cf. endow v. 1 c. Obs. rare.
1587M. Grove Pelops & Hipp. (1878) 55 Let Clio muse to paint the gifts, which Ioue doth her endue.
9. To invest with a power or quality, a spiritual gift, etc. Often in pass. to be endued with = to be possessed of (a certain quality).
Nearly synonymous with endow; the two verbs may often be used interchangeably, but in mod. use endow suggests that the power or quality is of the nature of a permanent advantage.
α1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (1835) 13 With vertuhs ful excellently In hyr soule inward endewyd was she. 1509Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond (1708) 8 She being endued with so grete towardness of Nature. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iii. §6 Learning endueth mens mindes with a true sence of the frailtie of their persons. 1616Hieron Wks. II. 37 Was it with what religion is the woman endewed, or with what portion is shee endowed? 1669Boyle Contn. New Exp. ii. (1682) 27 The Apples seemed..endued with a most pleasant Taste. 1709Berkeley Ess. Vision §86 Our sight would be endued with a far greater sharpness. 1736Butler Anat. i. i. Wks. 1874 I. 14 We know we are endued with capacities of action, of happiness and misery. 1791Cowper Iliad xvii. 898 Two mules with strength for toil endued. 1874Holland Mistr. Manse xxi. 92 Contented with the hue which endues its wings with beauty.
β1536R. Beerley in Four C. Eng. Lett. 34 Most reuerent lord yn God..ynduyd with all grace and goodnes. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. i. §17 An oake in New Forest..is indued with the same quality, putting forth leaves about the same time. 1692Washington tr. Milton's Def. Pop. ii. (1851) 63 Kings, tho indued with the Supream Power are not..Lords over the People. 1727Pope, etc. Art Sinking 118 The less a man is indued with any virtue, the more need he has to have it plentifully bestowed. 1754Edwards Freed. Will iii. iii. 156 Let us suppose a Scale of a Balance..indued with a self-moving Power. 1860Holland Miss Gilbert xvii. 305 A heart indued and informed with love for God and man.
†b. Of a quality, etc.: To be inherent in. Obs.
1631Milton Sonn. ii. 8 And inward ripeness doth much less appear, That some more timely-happy spirits endu'th. 1655–60Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 27/2 Whose Souls deceit and vanity endue.
Hence † enˈduable a., capable of being invested with, or put in possession of. Const. of. † enˈduer, one who invests a person or body of persons (with lands, etc.).
1558Richmond. Wills (1853) 124 Of the whyc my sayd wyffe schal be endewebl accordyng to comone lawys. c1449[See endue v. 8]. |