| 释义 |
endo-, prefix|ˈɛndəʊ; before two unstressed syllables ɛnˈdɒ|
(before a vowel sometimes reduced to end-), employed as comb. form of Gr. ἔνδον within, in many compounds of mod. formation, as ˌendarteˈrectomy (also (now rare) -arteˈriec-) Surg., an operation to remove part of the diseased inner lining of an artery, as when it is atheromatous; cf. thromboendarter(i)ectomy s.v. thrombo-. ˌendarteˈritis, ˈendo-arteˈritis [see arteritis], Pathol., inflammation of the inner coat of an artery; hence ˌendarteˈritic a., relating to or affected with endarteritis (Cent. Dict. Suppl., 1909). ˌendobiˈotic a. Bot. (see quot.). ˈendoblast Biol. = hypoblast 2; = entoblast (b). endoˈbronchial a., situated or occurring within a bronchus. ˌendoˈcannibalism [ad. G. endokannibalismus (R. S. Steinmetz 1896, in Wein. Anthrop. Ges. Mitth. XXVI. 1)], the practice of eating parents and relatives. ˌendocerviˈcitis Path., inflammation of the lining of the canal of the cervix uteri. endoˈchondral a. Anat., situated or occurring within the substance of a cartilage. ˈendochone Zool., the innermost structure of a chone. ˌendoˈchorion, Anat. [see chorion], the inner layer of the chorion or membrane that encloses the fœtus. ˈendochrome (see quot.). endoˈclinal a. Geol., of the nature of an ˈendocline, a fan-fold of anticlinal type. ˌendocorˈpuscular a. Path., within a corpuscle. ˈendocrane [Gr. κράνιον skull; also in Lat. form endoˈcranium], the inner surface of the skull. endoˈcranial a., of or pertaining to the endocranium (Cent. Dict., 1889). endoˈcyclic a., Chem. situated within the ring. ˈendocyst (see quots., also cyst and ectocyst). endocyˈtosis Biol., the taking in of matter by a living cell. ˌendodynamoˈmorphic a. (see quot. 1930). endoˈgastric a. Zool., situated within the abdomen. ˈendognath Zool., the inner branch of the oral appendages of a crustacean. endoˈgnathal a., Zool. [Gr. γνάθ-ος jaw + -al1], that is placed within the jaw; endognathal palp, a palpiform appendage in certain Crustacea. ˌendolaˈryngeal a. [cf. laryngeal], pertaining to the interior of the larynx; hence ˌendolaˈryngeally adv. ˈendolith [Gr. λίθος stone], one of a number of coloured designs on slabs of marble or ivory, sawn from a block on the surface of which chemically prepared colour has been laid, that permeates the material; hence endoˈlithic a. ˈendolymph, Anat. [see lymph], the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the ear. endoˈmetrial a., pertaining to the endometrium. ˌendometriˈoma [endometri(um + -oma], a tumour containing endometrial tissue; a localized swelling due to an area of endometriosis. ˌendometriˈosis Path., a condition resulting from the development of endometrial tissue in an abnormal, esp. extra-uterine, situation; so ˌendometriˈotic a. ˌendomeˈtritis, Pathol. [Gr. µήτρα womb + -itis (= Gr. -ῖτις)], inflammation of the lining membrane of the womb. endoˈmetrium Anat., the mucous membrane lining the uterus. enˈdometry, Med. [Gr. -µετρια; see -metry], the measurement of an internal part. ˌendomiˈtosis Biol. [ad. G. endomitose (L. Geitler 1939, in Chromosoma I. 7)], division of chromosomes in a nucleus without subsequent division of the nucleus; hence ˌendomiˈtotic a., pertaining to or involving endomitosis. endoˈnormative a. Linguistics, of language standardization: drawing on native models of usage rather than on the standards for the language that are already established in other countries; contr. with exonormative adj. s.v. exo-. endoˈnuclease Biochem., any enzyme that cleaves a polynucleotide chain by separating nucleotides other than the two end ones; cf. exonuclease s.v. exo-. endoˈparasite, Zool., an animal that lives and finds nourishment in the internal organs of another; hence ˌendoparaˈsitic a. endoˈpeptidase Biochem., any of a group of proteolytic enzymes which split peptide bonds other than the terminal ones. ˌendophleˈbitis, Pathol. [Gr. ϕλέψ, ϕλεβός vein + -itis (a. Gr. -ῖτις)], inflammation of the lining membrane of a vein. ˈendophragm [Gr. ϕράγµα partition], (a) Bot. a transverse diaphragm or septum; (b) Zool. the chitinous covering of the neural canal in the thorax of some Crustacea; hence endoˈphragmal a. endoˈphyllous a. Bot. [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf + -ous] (see quot.). ˈendophyte, Bot. [Gr. ϕυτόν plant], † (a) (see quot. 1835); (b) a plant growing inside another, an internal fungus. endoˈphytic a. Bot., of, pertaining to, or of the nature of an endophyte (also enˈdophytous a.). ˈendoplasm Biol. [Gr. πλάσµα something moulded or formed], the inner soft layer of the cytoplasm; hence endoˈplasmic a., of, pertaining to, or consisting of endoplasm (Cent. Dict., 1889). ˈendoplast [Gr. πλαστός formed], ‘a large protoplasmic corpuscle in the external parenchyma of the body of the Infusoria’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence endoˈplastic a. endoˈplastule [see -ule], ‘a bright rod-like mass lying in the interior or on the outside of the endoplast of Protozoa; supposed to be a male sexual organ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). endoˈpleura, Bot. [Gr. πλευρά side], the internal covering of a seed; hence endoˈpleurite, Zool. [see prec.], the portion of the apodeme of the thorax in Crustacea, which arises from the interepimeral membrane connecting each pair of somites. ˈendopod = endopodite. enˈdopodite [Gr. πούς, ποδ-ός foot + -ite], ‘the innermost of the two processes appended to the basal process of the hinder limbs of some of the Crustacea’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ˌendopoˈditic a., of or pertaining to the endopodite. endoˈpsychic a., that is within the mind. enˈdoptile a. Bot. [Gr. πτίλον feather], ‘said of an embryo, whose plumule is rolled up by the cotyledon, as in endogens’ (Treas. Bot.). ˌendoˈradiosonde, an encapsulated electronic device which when placed within the body transmits radio signals giving information about conditions inside the body. endoˈreism, endoˈrheism Geogr. [ad. F. endorrhéisme, ‘ou, si l'on admet une orthographe simplifiée’, endoréisme (E. de Martonne 1926, in Compt. Rend. CLXXXII. 1396)], land drainage not reaching the sea; interior drainage; so endoˈreic, endoˈrheic adjs. ˈendo(r)rhiz, Bot. [Gr. ῥίζα root], ‘the sheath-enclosed radicle of an endorrhizous plant, which does not lengthen, but gives origin from its termination or from its sides to short rootlets’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence endoˈr(r)hizal, -ous, adjs. ˈendosarc, Zool. [Gr. σάρξ, σαρκ-ός flesh], the inner sarcode-layer of certain rhizopods, such as the Amœba. ˈendoscope, Med. [Gr. -σκοπος watching], ‘an instrument so arranged as to give a view of some internal part of the body through a natural canal’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence endoˈscopic a. enˈdoscopy, the examination of internal parts by means of the endoscope. endoˈsiphon, the internal tube of certain cephalopods; siphuncle 1; hence endoˈsiphonal, -nate adjs. ˌendoˈskeletal, of or pertaining to the ˌendoˈskeleton,Anat. [see skeleton], the internal framework of the Vertebrata, consisting of bone and cartilage, as distinguished from the bony and leathery integuments of some animals. ˌendosoˈmatic a. Biol., designating or pertaining to a device that an animal uses which is part of its own body; hence ˌendosoˈmatically adv., in the manner of an endosomatic organ. ˈendosome, (a) the innermost part of a sponge; (b) Cytol., a deeply staining mass of chromatin in the middle of a vesicular nucleus in certain protozoans. ˈendosperm, Bot. [Gr. σπέρµα seed], the nutritive element, also called albumen, enclosed with the embryo in many seeds; hence endoˈspermic a. ˈendospore, Bot. [Gr. σπορά sowing], (a) the inner coat of a spore in lichens; (b) a spore formed in the interior of a theca; hence ˌendoˈsporous a., a term applied to fungi whose spores are contained in a case. enˈdosteal a., Anat. [see -al1], pertaining to the endosteum (q.v. below); hence enˈdosteally adv. endoˈsternite, Zool. [Gr. στέρνον breast + -ite], the portion of the apodeme of the thorax in Crustacea which arises from the intesternal membrane. enˈdosteum, Anat. [mod.L., f. Gr. ὀστέον bone], the internal periosteum. enˈdostoma, Zool. [Gr. στόµα mouth] (see quot.). ˈendostome, Bot. [see prec.], the aperture in the inner integument of an ovule. endoˈstosis [Gr. ὀστέον bone, on the analogy of ἐξόστωσις], an internal growth of bone. enˈdostracum, the inner layer of the shell of a crustacean. ˈendostyle, Zool. [Gr. στῦλος column], ‘a rigid, hollow, whitish, rod-like structure on the floor of the ventral groove of Tunicata’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence endoˈstylic a. endoˈtheca [Gr. θήκη case], (a) Zool., the inner layer of the wall of the sac of the gonosome of the Hydrozoa; (b) Bot., the inner membrane of the wall of the cells of the anther; hence endoˈthecal a., (dissepiments) horizontal plates growing inwards from the septa of a corallite (Syd. Soc. Lex.). endoˈthecium Bot. [mod.L. (J. E. Purkinje De cellulis antherarum Fibrosis (1830) i. 1], a layer in the wall of the anther. endoˈthelial a., relating to endothelium. endoˈthelioid a., resembling endothelium. endoˈthelium, Phys. [Gr. θηλή nipple], the layer of cells lining a blood-vessel or serous cavity, in structure similar to epithelium; also pl. endoˈthelia, vessel-cells. endoˈthorax Anat., the system of internal processes of the thorax or cephalothorax of arthropods. endoˈtoxin, a toxin contained within a bacterial cell, spec. one that is not released until disintegration of the cell. ˌendoˈtracheal a., within the trachea (Billings, 1890).
1950Proc. R. Soc. Med. XLIII. 548 At the present time the indications for recanalizing *endarteriectomy should be restricted to cases of arteritis of non-acute form. 1974R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery vi. 118/1 In selected patients the condition [sc. intestinal angina] can be ameliorated by arterial bypass or endarterectomy. 1978Sci. Amer. Apr. 64/1 Endarterectomy is now a standard method of reestablishing blood flow through the extracranial arteries of the neck.
1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 196 *Endarteritis. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 161 An habitual use of alcohol..causes chronic endarteritis. 1883Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. XVII. ii. 180 (title) Obliterative endarteritis, and the inflammatory changes in the coats of the small vessels. Ibid. 182 It is now known that the so-called organisation of thrombus is in reality an obliterative endarteritis, in which the thrombus plays merely a passive part.
1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Endobiotic, living within as a parasite. 1930H. M. Fitzpatrick Lower Fungi: Phycomycetes iii. 44 When, in parasitic species, the summer sporangia or resting spores are formed within the host cell they are termed endobiotic (endophytic when the host is a plant, endozoic when it is an animal).
1895*Endoblast [see cœloblast]. 1928G. H. Carpenter Biol. Insects vii. 152 The insinking of a mass of cells (‘middle plate’) along the axis of the germ-band to form a lower layer (endoblast).
1932Jrnl. Thoracic Surg. I. 435 By means of closed *endobronchial anesthesia..it is possible to maintain complete control of anesthetic concentration in a single lung. 1966Lancet 31 Dec. 1449/2 Fundamental principles of physics as applied to anæsthesia..are described in some detail, and so also is endotracheal and endobronchial intubation.
1900tr. Deniker's Races of Man v. 148 *Endocannibalism is but the remains of a natural state of primitive man. 1960R. & C. Needham tr. Hertz's Death & Right Hand 44 Endocannibalism..secures for the flesh the most honourable of sepultures.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 443 One case [of retroversion of uterus] was accompanied by severe *endocervicitis.
1882Quain's Anat. (ed. 9) II. 113 Since the cartilage grows in every dimension by interstitial expansion, the bone which is invading it (*endochondral bone) becomes gradually wider as the ossification advances. 1913[see ectochondral adj.].
1887,1888*Endochone [see ectochone].
1857Bullock Cazeaux Midwif. 195 The internal or allantoid is essentially vascular, and has been denominated the *endochorion.
1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 121 *Endochrome, the granular contents of spores and sporidia. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Endochrome..specially applied to the colouring matter of vegetable cells when any other colour than green.
1901Nature 19 Sept. 514/1 The Silurian tableland,..its *endoclinal and exoclinal structures.
1889Geol. Mag. Feb. 62 We must naturally expect to find the deepest strata in the ‘fan structure’ (*endocline) or pseudo-synclinal form and the highest in the folds of the inverted fan structure (exocline) or pseudo-anticlinal.
1901Practitioner Mar. 276 The new generation of *endocorpuscular parasites.
1878Bartley tr Topinard's Anthrop. ii. iii. 294 How much more [importance] should we [attach] to its interior or *endocrane?
1924Glasgow Herald 10 May 7 Sir Arthur Keith..delivered..the annual lecture..his subject being ‘Phrenological Studies of the Skull and *Endocranial Cast of Sir Thomas Browne’. 1946Nature 6 July 5/1 The study of endocranial casts assumes some importance in palæontology, and particularly in the palæontology of man and the other primates.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vii. 403 In addition to these externally visible sclerites, there is a sort of internal skeleton (*endocranium or tentorium).
1913*Endocyclic [see exocyclic adj. s.v. exo-].
1872Nicholson Palæont. 191 The *endocyst is invariably flexible and membranous. 1880Athenæum 23 Oct. 536/1 Within the cell [in Polyzoa] comes the body-wall known as the endocyst.
1963C. De Duve in De Rueck & Cameron Lysosomes 412 The new term..simply indicates that materials are coming into the cell (*endocytosis) rather than going out (exocytosis). 1969N. S. Cohn Elem. Cytol. (ed. 2) v. 124 Foreign protein or other material could undergo digestion within the cell as a result of such endocytosis (pinocytosis and phagocytosis).
1927*Endodynamomorphic [see ectodynamomorphic adj. s.v. ecto-]. 1930Nature 19 July 89 Endodynamomorphic soils are those in which external factors have not yet exerted their full influence and which are therefore immature. 1932Fuller & Conard tr. Braun-Blanquet's Plant Sociol. ix. 256 The endodynamomorphic soils are either limited to desert and mountain regions with sparse vegetation or they are to be considered merely as early stages of development of the ectodynamomorphic climax soils.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Forms Anim. Life 795 The *endogastric septa of Haeckel. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXX. 795/2 Ultimately the coil becomes ventral or endogastric.
1899Proc. Zool. Soc. 705 The middle lobe of the *endognath (the proximal division of the lacinia externa in Boas's nomenclature).
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 345 The *endognathal palp.
1888Sir M. Mackenzie Frederick the Noble 191, I had twice done an *endolaryngeal operation on this patient.
Ibid. 230 By previously removing a portion *endolaryngeally.
1884Globe 29 Apr., Dr. Hand-Smith's *Endoliths at Piccadilly Hall.
1886Pall Mall G. 12 Dec. 8/2 Dr. Hand-Smith lent a splendid endolith of Lord Beaconsfield and various *endolithic marbles.
1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 539/1 The *endolymph is in birds as limpid as in the Mammifera. 1878Foster Phys. iii. iii. §1. 449 Waves of sound can and do reach the endolymph of the labryinth by direct conduction through the skull.
1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 702/2 *Endometrial inflammations have been distinguished..as croupy..catarrhal, and the like. 1932S. Zuckerman Soc. Life Monkeys & Apes v. 71 Endometrial growth during the ovarian phase of follicular growth.
1922W. B. Bell in Jrnl. Obstet. & Gynæcol. XXIX. 443 These extra-uterine growths have been described as ‘adenomyomata’ and ‘adenofibromyomata’... I have referred to such tumours as ‘*endometriomata’ or as ‘endometriomyomata’ and ‘endometriofibromyomata’. I hope that gynæcologists will adopt this in the place of the older nomenclature. 1962J. W. Huffman Gynecol. & Obstetrics xlv. 1035 The ovaries are buried in the adherent mass or are converted into endometriotic cysts or endometriomas.
1925J. A. Sampson in Amer. Jrnl. Obst. & Gyn. X. 462 (title) Inguinal *endometriosis (often reported as endometrial tissue in the groin, adenomyoma in the groin, and adenomyoma of the round ligament). Ibid., Ectopic endometrial tissue in the wall of the uterus..has arisen from the direct invasion of the myometrium by the mucosa lining the uterine cavity. We might call such a condition a direct or primary endometriosis of the uterus. 1940Amer. Jrnl. Obstet. XL. 554 Peritoneal endometriosis associated with endometrial cysts of the ovary. 1961Lancet 23 Sept. 696/2 It is still debatable whether endometriosis can be permanently cured by hormone therapy.
1942A. H. Curtis Textbk. Gynecol. (ed. 4) xxxiii. 511 *Endometriotic tissue lodged in a vein. 1966Wright & Symmers Syst. Path. I. xxvii. 894 Endometriotic lesions of the uterus.
1872F. Thomas Dis. Wom. 117 Senile *endometritis. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 592 Puerperal endometritis.
1882Syd. Soc. Lex., *Endometrium. 1907Practitioner Dec. 792 The endometrium was normal. 1912Adami & McCrae Text-bk. Pathol. 647 The histological appearances of the endometrium in certain stages of the menstrual cycle. 1956Nature 14 Jan. 59/1 Mechanical irritation of the endometrium during the luteal phase of the œstrous cycle will provoke the formation of decidual cells.
1878Bartley tr. Topinard's Anthrop. ii. iii. 244 We shall only mention two of them..*endometry and endoscopy.
1942Biol. Abstr. XVI. 1930/2 Chromocenter formation depends on failure of the daughter chromatids to move apart in the *endomitoses by which polyploidy occurs. 1943Ibid. XVII. 1344/2 Inner multiplication of chromosomes, i.e., polyploidy arisen through ‘endomitosis’. 1959Southwood & Leston Land & Water Bugs xii. 351 The phenomenon of endomitosis has been studied in this bug.
1951M. J. D. White in G. H. Bourne Cytol. & Cell Physiol. (ed. 2) v. 209 Geitler has also described what he calls ‘*endomitotic’ cycles of condensation and decondensation during the formation of endopolyploid nuclei. 1960L. Picken Organiz. Cells iv. 128 This cycle of changes in the chromosomes only becomes linked with the formation of the gigantic quasi-spindle..after the genome population has been built up to a high level by repeated endomitotic divisions. And..the ‘anaphase’ movement does not separate daughter chromosomes.
1968W. A. Stewart in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. 534 The form of standardization prevalent in any one country may be either *endonormative, when it is based upon models of usage native to that country, or exonormative, when it is based upon foreign models of usage. 1980Word 1979 XXX. 43 The Yugoslav–Albanian change involved planned shift from an endonormative to an exonormative mode of standardization. 1984English World-Wide V. i. 145 The authors come down in favour of endonormative standards for SgE, which would guarantee the satisfaction of internal communicational needs as well as international intelligibility.
1962Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCXXXVII. 819/1 This enzyme produces scissions at many points along the deoxyribonucleic acid chain and hence can be classed as an *endonuclease. 1982T. M. Devlin Textbk. Biochem. xvii. 802 Some endonucleases have been particularly useful in the development of early methodologies for sequencing of RNA polynucleotides.
1884P. Geddes in Ency. Brit. XVIII. 261 *Endoparasites he [Leuckart] divides according to, etc.
1883Athenæum 24 Mar. 381/3 Simondsia is a genus of *endoparasitic nematodes.
1936Bergmann & Ross in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CXIV. 723 It is therefore possible to classify the two types of peptidases as exopeptidases, which are restricted to terminal peptide linkages, and *endopeptidases, which are not thus restricted. 1962A. Spector in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 330 An endopeptidase called β-protease..will attack lens protein in acid pH.
1874Jones & Siev. Pathol. Anat. 400 *Endophlebitis is hardly seen in an acute form.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 333 A complex mass of fibres, which is attached in part to the *endophragms of the thorax in front.
Ibid. 361 A strong apodeme..passing inwards and forwards meets with its fellow, to form an *endophragmal arch, which supports the œsophagus and stomach.
1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II 65 Dumortier adds to these names *endophyllous..because the young leaves of monocotyledons are evolved from within a sheath.
Ibid. I. 21 A division..separates, in trees, the bark from the internal part, or *endophyte as he [Count de Tristan] terms it. 1854J. Hogg Microscope ii. i. (1867) 293 Endophytes..originate from germs which penetrate healthy plants and develop a mycelium.
1887H. M. Ward tr. Sachs' Lect. Physiol. Plants xxiii. 371 (heading) *Endophytic parasites. 1898H. C. Porter tr. Strasburger's Text-bk. Bot. 308 Some species also are endophytic and inhabit cavities in other plants. 1902Endophytic [see ectophytic adj. s.v. ecto-]. 1935F. E. Fritsch Struct. & Reprod. Algae I. 155 An endophytic green alga..has been reported in the skin of the carp. 1964V. J. Chapman in Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 210 The asexual generation is represented by a unicellular endophytic plant.
a1889C. V. Riley (Cent. Dict.), The larvæ of the castnians are ..*endophytous, boring the stems and roots of orchids and other plants.
1883J. E. Ady in Knowledge 15 June 355/2 Its [Amœba's] jelly-like body becomes faintly parcelled out into an outer firm (ectoplasm) and an inner soft (*endoplasm) layer.
1934Nature 19 May 761/2 The *endoplasmic streaming which is the most striking feature in the pseudopodium of an amœba is not..present in most other rhizopods. 1955Sci. News Let. 28 May 338/2 The endoplasmic reticulum.
1853*Endoplast [see periplast]. 1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 475/1 On the outer side of the line lie the close-set endoplasts of the deepest layer of the epidermis. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. i. 47 The endoplast may take on more and more definitely the characters of a reproductive organ.
Ibid. ii. 95 Magosphæra is thus very nearly an *endoplastic repetition of the moneran Protomonas.
Ibid. 96 Nor do any of them exhibit a structure analogous to the *endoplastule of the Ciliata.
1842Gray Struct. Bot. viii. (1880) 306 The inner coat, called..*Endopleura..is always conformed to the nucleus. 1870Bentley Bot. 331 The endopleura is generally of a soft and delicate nature.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 310 The *endopleurite, likewise, divides into three apophyses.
1893T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea iv. 36 In describing a crustacean appendage he [sc. T. H. Huxley] names the first two joints the protopodite, which bears on its extremity on the inner side the endopodite, and on the outer side the exopodite. For these terms the shortened forms exopod and *endopod will here be preferred—exopod for exopodite, and endopod for endopodite and protopodite combined. 1959Chambers's Encycl. IV. 278/2 In the walking legs of crabs and lobsters only the endopod remains, but in the corresponding thoracic limbs of some more primitive Malacostra the exopod is presented as a many-pointed flagellum and is used for swimming.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 94 Two multiarticulate filaments representing an ‘exopodite’ and an ‘*endopodite’. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 281 To this end the joints of the endopodite are greatly expanded, and converted into a hemispherical bowl.
1880T. H. Huxley Crayfish 218 The inner or *endopoditic division of the antenna.
1913Lancet 19 Apr. 1116/1 The repressing factor in the waking consciousness is named by Freud the *endopsychic censor. 1922J. Riviere tr. Freud's Introd. Lect. Psycho-anal. 240 The why of the symptom, its tendency, is..always an endo-psychic process. 1927C. Mackenzie Vestal Fire i. i, A frisson that no endo-psychic censor is capable of providing. 1932Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Oct. 160, I shall include in the term anxiety that special form which by reason of its endopsychic conditioning is thought of as guilt. 1957Lancet 15 June 1224/1 The *endoradiosonde described here embodies a mechano-chemical transducer that changes its dimensions with pH.
1927E. de Martonne in Geogr. Rev. XVII. 397 In this paper we shall attempt to define the extent of the *endoreic, or interior-basin, domain and explain its causes. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. iv. 226 The Caspian basin, into which the Volga drains, adds greatly to the area of the endorheic regions of the north temperate zone.
1927E. de Martonne in Geogr. Rev. XVII. 397 It is convenient to describe each of these two great regions by a single word: we may term through-flowing, or ocean, drainage ‘exoreism’ (ex-o-rḗ-ism, from the Greek ἐξ, out, and ῥεῐν, to flow), interior basin drainage ‘*endoreism’ (en-do-rḗ-ism, from ἐν, in, and ῥεῐν). 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation 404 Endorheism, inland drainage, drainage toward the center of a land mass.
1869Nicholson Zoology 43 The *endosarc contains the only organs possessed by the animal. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. xii. 659 The line of separation between the endosarc and the ectosarc.
1861Bumstead Ven. Dis. (1879) 87 In learning the use of the *Endoscope..commence with the simplest instruments. 1872Thomas Dis. Wom. 93 If the cervix be dilated, the endoscope may be at once introduced.
1861Bumstead Ven. Dis. (1879) 90 An *endoscopic examination is attempted.
Ibid. 87 Writers on *endoscopy. 1883Holmes Surgery (ed. 3) III. 214 Endoscopy is of very little value in stricture.
1883Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 261 The ‘*endosiphon’, here spoken of for the first time by that name, is the internal tube long known in Actinoceras, and lately demonstrated in Piloceras.
Ibid. 273 The *endosiphonal tube is narrow and regular.
1883― Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. XXXII. 328 The *endosiphonate..types [of cephalopods].
1883Athenæum 30 June 833/1 The muscular and *endoskeletal systems of Limulus and Scorpio.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. III. 846/2 The..skeleton and *endoskeleton..become appendages one of the other. 1872Nicholson Palæont. 30 Some of the fishes..possess no ‘endoskeleton’. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. i. 53 Old Echinoderms have a calcareous endoskeleton.
1951New Biol. XI. 21 Nearly all the effector and receptor organs of nearly all animals are of the type..called *endosomatic. Roughly, this means that they are material parts of the organism and are made of the organism's own stuff.
1957P. B. Medawar Uniqueness Individual vii. 140 Cameras have eye-like and clothes have skin-like functions, and motor-cars the functions *endosomatically performed by legs.
1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 415 A reticulation of ectosome on the one side and of endoderm and mesoderm, i.e., *endosome, on the other. 1912E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa vi. 73 In the condition with a single, or one greatly preponderating, mass of chromatin, the nuclear space..presents the appearance of a vesicle containing the chromatin-mass at or near its centre;..the chromatinic mass may be termed..an endosome. Ibid. 76 The endosome..in most cases..is composed of a matrix or ground-substance of plastin in which the chromatin is lodged. An endosome of this kind is termed a karyosome. 1926G. N. Calkins Biol. Protozoa ii. 59 Endosomes may consist entirely of chromatin..or they may be composed of chromatin and plastin in various combinations. 1961Mackinnon & Hawes Introd. Study Protozoa i. 12 The term karyosome (the endosome of some authors) is here used descriptively as the name of any conspicuous, deeply staining body lying in the nuclear sap.
c1850Nat. Encycl. I. 388 It is also named *endosperm. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. xv. 302 The endosperm is not actually united with..the embryo. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 227 A special mass of tissue, the so-called Endosperm.
1875Cooke Fungi 23 The covering of the spore is double consisting of an exospore and an *endospore. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 277 An external rough dark-brown exospore and an inner endospore.
1868*Endosteal [see ectosteal adj. s.v. ecto-]. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 537 The endosteal membrane..lines the bone.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 39 This merely *endosteally ossified bone.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 309 Each *endosternite is distinguishable into three apophyses.
18..Carpenter Physiol. (1881) 48 [The shaft of a bone] is lined by a..delicate layer of the same tissue, to which the term ‘*endosteum’ is applied.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. vi. 341 And the plate [in Astacus] which stretches backwards and supports the labrum, within its posterior forked boundary, is the *endostoma.
1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 21 In the language of Mirbel, exostome in the outer integument, and *endostome in the inner integument. 1842Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §8 (1880) 277 When the ovule has two coats, the foramen of the outer one is called Exostome, of the inner Endostome; literally the outer and the inner orifice.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 38 Ossified both by ectostosis and *Endostosis.
1880T. H. Huxley Crayfish iv. 194 This zone [sc. the ectostracum] may be distinguished from the *endostracum which makes up the rest of the exoskeleton. 1960I. F. & W. D. Henderson Dict. Sci. Terms (ed. 7) 160/2 Endostracum... The inner layer of mollusc shell.
1854Woodward Mollusca (1856) 345 In Salpa..the dorsal sinus contains the long tubular filament called the *endostyle. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. An. x. 597 On each side of the endostyle the posterior part of the hæmal wall of the pharynx presents two oval apertures.
Ibid 612 The *endostylic cone elongates.
1833Athenæum 10 Feb. 188/3 Edwards and Haime described..the absence of *endothecal dissepiments.
1832Lindley Introd. Bot. i. ii. 128 The lining of the anther has received particular illustration from M. Purkinje, who calls it *endothecium. 1959Foster & Gifford Compar. Morphol. Vascular Plants xix. 495 This well-marked outer layer of the microsporangium wall is usually designated as endothecium.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 150 The lymphatic capillaries have an *endothelial covering.
1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 225 The tubercles present the typical *endothelioid and giant-celled structure.
1872Peaslee Ovar. Tumours 5 The *endothelium of blood-vessels. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 227 Their endothelia are more easily separated. 1881Mivart Cat 189 The layer of epithelium thus lining a serous cavity is called endothelium.
1878J. Bell tr. Gegenbauer's Comp. Anat. v. 249 These processes..are found chiefly in the head and thorax in many orders of the Insecta..where they form a complicated structure known as the ‘*endothorax’. 1957Richards & Davies Imms's Gen. Textbk. Ent. (ed. 9) i. 60 Under the term endothorax is included the endoskeleton of the thorax.
1905A. C. Abbott Princ. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxv. 568 We now regard the toxic action of these bacteria to be due to the formation of *endotoxins or intracellular toxins. 1907Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 923 The serum injected into the patient has brought about a local disintegration of the gonococci and a liberation of endotoxins. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) vi. 67 The toxins of bacteria which do not produce exotoxins are termed endotoxins and are thought to be firmly bound to the bacterial proteins in a non-diffusible form.
1910Practitioner June 861 *Endotracheal stenosis, due to syphilis. 1962Lancet 28 Apr. 879/2 To protect the patient against obstruction of the airway, endotracheal intubation with a cuffed tube is highly desirable during abdominal surgery.
Add: ˈendoglossic a. Linguistics, characterized by using the native language or local dialect as the official language of a region; also, being or pertaining to such a language; contr. with exoglossic a. s.v. *exo-.
1984English World-Wide V. 315 Reh/Heine set out to give a survey of the problems by describing three representative states for each type postulated: for the ‘*endoglossic’ type..and for the ‘exoglossic’ type. 1985J. Richards et al. Longman Dict. Appl. Linguistics 92 English is endoglossic for the United Kingdom, Australia and the USA, but not for nations such as Ghana or Singapore, even though it is an important language and medium of education in these countries. 1986English World-Wide VII. 163 Sociolinguistic research so far has focussed on the endoglossic policy pursued by this country.
enˈdophora Gram., a mode of reference in which a substitutional element or pro-form is dependent for interpretation on information in the surrounding text (cf. anaphora n.); contr. with exophora n. s.v. *exo-.
1976Halliday & Hasan Cohesion in Eng. ii. 33 (table) Reference:..[situational] exophora..[textual] *endophora. 1986Elementary School Jrnl. Nov. 205/1 Endophora indicates the extent to which speakers/writers linguistically encode meaning.
so endoˈphoric a.
1974Foundations of Lang. July 509 Although embedded mood in Russian complements has only one interpretation, the interpretation is *endophoric. 1985ICAME News ix. 23 Most endophoric references are backward (‘anaphoric’), though forward (‘cataphoric’) references must also be dealt with.
endoˈphorically adv.
1974Foundations of Lang. July 510 The question arises..as to the circumstances under which mood is interpreted *endophorically or exophorically. 1984Discourse Processes VII. i. 58 A text conveying meaning endophorically is cohesive. |