| 释义 |
▪ I. ravin1, raven2|ˈrævɪn, ˈræv(ə)n|
Forms: α. 4–6 rau-, ravyn(e, 6 Sc. rawyne, 4–7 rauine, 6–7 -in, 4– ravine, 5– ravin. β. 4–5 rau-, raveyn, 4–6 rau-, raveyne, -ayn(e. γ. 4–7 rauen, 6 ravene, 4– raven.
[a. F. ravine († rabine, raveine, 12th c.):—L. rapīna rapine. The orig. sense of the word is now lost in Fr., see ravine n.]
1. a. Robbery, rapine. (Sometimes fig. from 2.)
α1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3368 Thefte alswa and ravyn, Ilkan of þir es a dedly syn. c1400Rom. Rose 6813 Bailifs, bedels, provost, countours! These lyven wel nygh by ravyne. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop iii. vi, He that lyueth but of rauyn and robberye shal at the last be knowen and robbed. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 95 Oppressing the common people by insatiable rauine, extortion, and tyrannie. 1629Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 103 Yet shall you want nothing which is..not clogged with violence and ravine. 1728–46Thomson Spring 339 With hot ravine fir'd, ensanguin'd Man Is now become the lion of the plain. 1862Rawlinson Anc. Mon. I. Assyria iii. 308 Blood, and ravin, and robbery are their characteristics.
βc1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 3 Sum men shal be dampnyd more felly for raveyne. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 210 To punysshe extorcioun, raveyne, and eche robbour. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 88/1 He wold kepe hys people fro the Rauayne that they made. c1520Treat. Galaunt (1860) 21 Prelatis necligence, lordis rauayn, and marchauntis deceytes.
γ1502Arnolde Chron. (1821) 240 Do thy besy deuor From my folke al rauen to disseuor. c1510More Picus Wks. 22 If thou withdrawe thine handes, and forbere The rauen of anyething. 1617Fletcher Valentinian v. iv, Why doe we like to feed the greedy Raven Of these blowne men? 1826E. Irving Babylon II. viii. 303 A generation of raven and blood-thirstiness.
†b. With a and pl.: An act of rapine. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. pr. iv. 9 (Camb. MS.) Whan I say the fortunes..of poeple of þe prouinces ben harmyd..by pryuey Raueynes [L. privatis rapinis]. 1475Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 73 Suche oppressions and tirannyes, ravynes and crueltees. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 77 Sens we were borne, Ruine of one rauine, was there none gretter. 1593Queen Elizabeth tr. Boeth. i. pr. iv. 9, I sorowed for the provinces misfortunes, wrackt by private ravins and publick taxes.
2. a. The act or practice of seizing and devouring prey or food; hence, voracity, gluttony.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 336 Þe goshauke that dothe pyne To bryddis for his outragious ravine. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ii. xiv, Some men are torned into wulfes that lyuen by raueyn. 1578Chr. Prayers A iv, Preserue me from..pride of eyes, rauine of the belly,..hunger of richesse, [etc.]. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xv. v. 57 As wild beasts, wont to liue of ravine and prey. 1691Ray Creation (1714) 119 Exposed to the Ravine of any vermine that may find them. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xviii. §26 Their pastured flocks..safe from the eagle's stoop and the wolf's ravin. 1935W. Empson Poems 4 Nor heeds if the core be brown with maggots' raven.
b. beast (etc.) of ravin: beast of prey.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 9448 Many hydus bestes of ravyn, Als wode wolfes, lyons and beres felle. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxiv. 153 Vowltures, egles, rauyns, and oþer fewlez of rauyne. 1503Dunbar Thistle & Rose 125 And lat no fowll of rawyne do efferay. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. Ded. 32 To keepe Your flocks within, and beasts of ravine out. 1641Milton Animadv. Wks. (1851) 233 The very garbage that drawes all the fowles of prey and ravin..to come, and gorge upon the Church. 1897F. Thompson New Poems 143 All fair strong beasts of ravin.
†c. A beast of prey. Obs. rare—1.
1623Fletcher & Rowley Maid in Mill v. ii, Seiz'd on by a fierce and hungry Bear She was the Ravin's prey.
†d. Ravenous hunger. Obs. rare—1.
1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, cci, A Tiger, (whom lanke Ravin fires To sett vpon the Herds).
3. concr. That which is taken or seized; plunder, spoil; prey (of men or beasts).
a1325Prose Psalter lxi. 10 Ne wil ȝe nouȝt couaite rauyns. 1382Wyclif Nahum ii. 12 The lyoun..fulfillede with praye her dennys, and his couche with rauyn [1388 raueyn]. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 12 His deepe devouring iawes Wyde gaped,..Through which into his darke abysse all ravin fell. 1667Milton P.L. x. 599 There best, where most with ravin I may meet. 1836For. Q. Rev. XVII. 163 There are others again which leap like tigers suddenly upon their ravin. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 238 Petra..was well suited to be the receptacle of ravin.
4. attrib. as adj. = ravenous.
1423Jas. I. Kingis Q. clvii, The lesty beuer and the ravin bare. 1601Shakes. All's Well iii. ii. 120, I met the rauine Lyon. 1615Crooke Body of Man 165 The great abundance of meate deuoured by Rauen-stomackes and Trencher-friends.
▪ II. † ˈravin2 Obs.
[a. F. ravin (1690), f. raviner to hollow out, to ravine.]
= ravine n. 3.
1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 153 The inconveniences of the ravins are avoided. 1785Phil. Trans. LXXV. 18, I found myself in the bottom of a narrow and deep ravin. 1813Hobhouse Journey (ed. 2) 444 Uneven downs..terminating in heaths intersected by several ravins.
▪ III. ravin
obs. f. raven n.1, var. raven v. |