| 释义 |
▪ I. tandem, n.1 and adv.|ˈtændɛm, -əm|
Also 8–9 erron. tandum.
[app. L. tandem at length (of time) used punningly.]
A. n.
1. a. A two-wheeled vehicle drawn by two horses (or other beasts of draught) harnessed one before the other.
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. T., Tandem, a two wheeled chaise, buggy, or noddy, drawn by two horses, one before the other, that is at length. 1789Loiterer No. 42. 12, I have not the smallest desire to ride in Mr. Whirligig's Tandem. 1807Byron Let. to Miss Pigot 11 Aug., We shall..proceed in a tandem..to Inverary. 1821A. Hodgson Lett. fr. N. Amer. (1824) II. 110 Painted sleighs..are dashing along [Broadway, New York] in all directions,..some with two horses abreast; some harnessed as tandems, and others with four in hand. 1850N. & Q. 1st Ser. I. 382/1 We have a practical pun now naturalized in our language in the word ‘tandem’. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. i, They drove tandems in all directions, scattering their ample allowances..about roadside inns.
b. transf. A pair of carriage-horses harnessed one before the other. Also fig.
1795W. Felton Carriages (1801) II. 120 A Tandum..is..two horses in a team, or one before the other, to draw a two-wheeled chaise. [a1805A. Carlyle Autobiog. (1860) 449 In the end of summer [of 1764] I went again with Mrs. Carlyle to Harrogate,..I got an open chaise with two horses—one before the other, and the servant on the first. ] Ibid. 458 Blackett's horse was very heavy, and my tandem far outran them. 1859Cornwallis New World I. 104, I..equipped a dog-cart and tandem, for a drive to the diggings. 1885Pall Mall G. 14 Jan. 3/2 The old political tandem, in which the poor man with talent and the rich man without it pulled together, is no longer possible.
2. Short for tandem bicycle (tricycle), canoe, engine: see C.
1884Daily News 19 Sept. 3/3 Cycling on a ‘tandem’ in Norway... When our tandem..was placed upon the pier, we were surrounded by an eager crowd. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 560/1 For nearly every make of single tricycle there is a corresponding tandem. 1900Engineering Mag. XIX. 778/1 Triple-expansion engines,..having 1 high, 1 intermediate and 2 low pressure cylinders arranged as twin vertical tandems.
B. adv. One behind the other, in single file; originally of a team of two horses. Also fig.
1795W. Felton Carriages (1801) II. Gloss., Tandum, the manner of driving two horses in a team. 1818T. L. Peacock Nightmare Abbey i, His fellow-students..drove tandem and random in great perfection. 1837Chron. in Ann. Reg. 1 Jan. 1/2 The letters are conveyed daily from Canterbury to Dover on sledges drawn by three and four horses, tandem. 1893Atlantic Monthly Feb. 196/1 Three logs chained tandem constituted the load, and we vaulted upon the last log for a ride to the boom. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 135/1 The patient mules, driven tandem, were dragging a heavy barge down the canal.
b. in tandem, arranged one behind the other; also fig., together, in partnership.
1930[see Corliss]. 1949[see scaling vbl. n.3 2]. 1957I. Asimov Naked Sun (1958) ii. 30 There were two seats in tandem, each of which could hold three. 1964S. Lieberson in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 553 These measures, used in tandem, provide an instrument for a quantitative approach to a basic sociolinguistic problem. 1974News & Press (Darlington, S. Carolina) 24 Apr. 8/7 Management and labor are learning to work in tandem, as has been evidenced by the sharp drop in strikes.
C. attrib. and Comb.
1. a. gen. as tandem-curricle, tandem-drag (drag n. 1 d), tandem-driving, tandem-horse, tandem-sleigh, tandem-team, tandem-whip; tandem-wise adv.; tandem axle (see quot. 1969); usu. attrib.; tandem bicycle (tricycle), canoe, a bicycle (tricycle) or canoe for two persons, one seated behind the other; tandem duplication Genetics, an atypical form of duplication (duplication 1 e) in which the repeated segments lie immediately adjacent to one another on the same chromosome; tandem formation Lawn Tennis, the position of partners in a doubles match in which server and netman occupy the same half of the court at service; tandem garage, a garage with space for two vehicles to be parked one behind the other rather than side by side; tandem-paced a., in cycle-racing: involving the use of a tandem for pacing; tandem-play: see quot.
1956in E. Molloy Automobile Engineer's Ref. Bk. xxx. §7 The Eaton type *tandem axle unit has been developed as a method of increasing the proportion of payload to gross vehicle weight. 1969Baker & Stebbins Dict. Highway Traffic 230 Tandem (axles),..an assembly of two axles for the support of the rear of a truck trailer. 1977‘D. Rutherford’ Return Load ii. 29 I'd suggest you have one of these new tandem axle Taskvans... They have air-bellow suspension.
1896G. B. Shaw Let. 5 July (1965) I. 634, I will get a *tandem bicycle; and we shall ride along over the celestial plains. 1899Daily News 11 Jan. 2/4 In the Soudan they used a small dynamo driven by means of a tandem bicycle.
1867J. MacGregor Thousand Miles in Rob Roy Canoe (ed. 5) ii. 37 In the Canoe Club we have three ‘*tandem’ canoes, each for two paddles.
1815Reviewers Reviewed 18 Even Doctor Solomon..is ready with his *tandem curricle to invite him to Gilead Hall.
1817J. Palmer Jrnl. Trav. in U.S. etc. (1818) 217 [At Montreal] I have seen a *tandem dog cart, the dogs harnessed and belled the same as horses.
1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 86 Since she put down her *tandem drag.
1850Thackeray Pendennis xix, Riding and *tandem-driving were the fashions of the ingenuous youth.
1959C. M. M. Begg Introd. Genetics x. 137 A *tandem duplication can result from unequal crossing over. 1981L. L. Mays Genetics xii. 529 Tandem duplication of a short region of one chromosome is thought to result from inaccurate crossing over processes.
1830Lytton P. Clifford xxxi, A light cart drawn by two swift horses in a *tandem fashion awaited the fugitives. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 73 They are being built with the high-pressure above the low-pressure, tandem fashion, with a piston-rod common to both.
1967P. Metzler Advanced Tennis ix. 116 When first confronted with the *tandem formation..the left-hander is likely to continue hitting his return in its usual direction. 1976Tennis Today Oct. 12/1 The American juniors played the whole match using what they call the Tandem Formation, more normally referred to as the Australian Formation in this country.
1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 41/2 (Advt.), Executive home. Seven room solid brick bungalow with *tandem double garage. 1974Country Life 7 Mar. (Suppl.) 32 l, 2 reception rooms, kitchen/breakfast room. Tandem garage.
1801Felton Carriages II. App. 6 When loaded, a leading or *Tandum horse, is mostly applied.
1895Baily's Mag. May 353/2 A useful house-of-call, at which you could pop on a *tandem leader.
1929Star 21 Aug. 17/1 F. W. Southall is expected to make an attack on the one mile *tandem-paced record. 1955Times 11 July 5/7 D. Marsh (Shaftesbury C.C.) won the 12-hour tandem-paced cycle race at Herne Hill on Saturday.
1895Funk's Stand. Dict., *Tandem-play (Football), a play in which the man running with the ball is preceded or followed, or both preceded and followed, by other men of his own side..to assist him in breaking through the opposing line.
1863‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage (1870) 31 Dashing on with his *tandem-team too quickly for identification.
1835Willis Pencillings I. xxxiii. 230 It might have been touched from the deck with a *tandem whip.
1860All Year Round 496 The two horses which he has..had harnessed to it *tandem-wise.
b. With reference to systems of work, machines, etc., which involve the use of two or more elements operating together or in series; tandem engine, a steam engine with two cylinders one in front of the other, the two pistons working on a common piston-rod.
1878Engineer XLVI. 23 (Paris Exhibition), 60 Horse Power Compound Tandem Engine. 1901Feilden's Mag. IV. 413/1 The fan engines, which were tandem-compound, were afterwards fitted with low-pressure relief-valves, in addition to those fitted in the high-pressure cylinders. 1921Telegr. & Telephone Jrnl. VII. 79/2 With a machine switching tandem exchange large groups..can be established between each local exchange and the tandem exchange. 1923Harbord & Hall Metallurgy of Steel II. xiv. 290 Splitting up the mill into a breaking-down mill, which is placed in front of, and feeds, the smaller finishing mill (the arrangement being usually known as a tandem mill) is preferable where there is a sufficient output to justify employing two sets of men. 1924W. Aitken Automatic Telephone Systems III. 79 Tandem working through a tandem office will be introduced into London as quickly as possible. 1933K. B. Miller Telephone Theory & Pract. III. iv. 243 In large cities..tandem operation is especially useful. Ibid., The cost and inconvenience of using the tandem routing must be balanced against the trunk saving which it produces. 1955Archit. Rev. CXVII. 141/2 A motor assembly known as a Two-speed Tandem Motor combines a squirrel cage and slip-ring motor within a single frame. 1959Wall St. Jrnl. 3 July (Eastern ed.) 5/5 The New York State Thruway Authority has approved the use of tandem-trailers over its 559-mile highway system. The tandem vehicles—which consist of a heavy duty truck tractor hitched to two regular size trailer units—have been in experimental use. 1967New Scientist 16 Feb. 397/1 Although the majority of larger telephone exchanges in Britain have direct connections with all other exchanges, many have to route their outgoing calls through central switching exchanges known as tandem exchanges. 1970Gloss. Aeronaut. & Astronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) vi. 2 Tandem boost, a boost rocket motor assembly which is located at the rear of the missile and co-axially with it. 1971W. K. V. Gale Iron & Steel Industry: Dict. Terms 54 Continuous mill (tandem mill), any rolling mill in which the stands are arranged in tandem. 1976NBR Market-place (Wellington, N.Z.) iii. 3/4 Tandem blades clog up with shaving foam and don't give as even a shave as the single blade. 1978Detroit Free Press 14 Apr. 16d/2 Carrying 22 extra bolts and a new coupling device, a tandem tanker rumbled down a test track.
2. Passing into adj.
a. In various uses with reference to the occurrence of one thing behind or after another.
1926Daily Tel. 7 Aug. 7/4 Someone has given the appropriate name ‘tandem’ system to a form of curriculum in which students were limited to one main subject, and one subject only, at a time. 1952Mind LXI. 356 Is minding what one is doing, then, after all, a tandem occurrence? 1968E. A. Powdrill Vocab. Land Planning iii. 54 Two-tier, or tandem, development is merely the utilisation of backland to place one or more houses behind another. 1980Archaeology Nov.–Dec. 37 We took a series of tandem camera exposures from the 300 meter level.
b. Co-operative, joint, dual; involving two persons, organizations, etc.
1962Economist 24 Mar. 1094/1 The future is seen..in terms of a ‘tandem’ economic partnership between two continental common markets. 1963Times Lit. Suppl. 18 Jan. 44/4 The tandem authors of this study merely add to the confusion. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 21 Feb. 1/5 These tandem operations, Totera and Schuler explain, involve every aspect of IRS forms. 1977Time 26 Sept. 37/3 Kepesh recalls a tandem tantrum he had with his wife.
Hence ˈtandem, ˈtandemize vbs., intr. to drive a tandem; trans. to harness or drive (a horse, etc.) tandem fashion; ˈtandemer, ˈtandemist, one who rides a tandem bicycle or tricycle.
1828Sporting Mag. XXII. 132 We *tandem'd on to Melton for a finishing treat. 1898Speaker 16 July 87 They tandemed the donkey to drag their impedimenta up the slope of 1,200 feet.
1894Daily News 3 May 8/6 At 5 miles the *tandemers had cut the record by a good deal over 2 min.
1885Cyclist 5 Aug. 1026/2 The silken fetters of matrimony convert a happy bicyclist into..an equally happy *tandemist.
1824Blakw. Mag. XV. 115 Reginald..drinks—games—hunts—*tandemizes. 1840New Monthly Mag. LIX. 492 Tandemizing, cricketizing, boatizing,..is not to be carried on without a considerable expenditure.
Add:[1.] c. Any arrangement of two or more persons or things one behind the other, moving or working in combination.
1851H. Melville Moby Dick II. xxii. 160 Forming a tandem of three boats, we commenced the slow business of towing the trophy to the Pequod. 1926H. Crane Let. 19 June (1965) 258 Acres of man-sized leaping porpoises..that greet you in tandems (much like M. & Mme. Lachaise if you have ever seen them out walking together). 1983A. Bleasdale Jobs for Boys xxi. 39 Tell y' what, Yos, you work the hod for a while hey, I'll lay the bricks, work a tandem. 1988Basketball Scene Ann. 71/2 He and Cage could make a deadly tandem off the offensive and defensive boards.
▪ II. † tandem, n.2 U.S. Obs.
[Origin unascertained: perh. from a place-name.]
Name of some kind of linen, in 18th c. classed among Silesia linens.
1747Boston (U.S.) Even. Post 18 May 2/2 To be sold cheap..Lloyd's Garlets, Tandems, Cambricks, Taffatees. 1754Boston Gaz. 31 Dec. 3/2 Just Imported from London, And Sold By Samuel Abbot,..3-4th and yard wide garlix's, tandems, hollands, cambricks. 1755Boston Even. Post 26 May 4/2 Ten Pieces yard wide Tandems,..three Pieces Osnabrigs. 1783Circular from Hamburg in Pennsylv. Gaz. 26 Nov. 3/1 German cloth of every quality and colour..Silesia linens..Rough dowlas, Quadruple tandems, Brown Silesias. |