| 释义 |
▪ I. ravelin1|ˈrævlɪn|
Also 6 rau-, reu-, revelin, rav'lin, 7 ravellin, (8 rablin); 6 rauelline, -yne, 7–8 raveline; 6–7 raveling, (7 -iling, 9 -elling).
[a. F. ravelin (16th c., Rabelais), a. It. rav-, revellino (Florio), now rivellino = Sp. rebellin, Pg. rebelim; of unknown origin.]
In fortification, an outwork consisting of two faces which form a salient angle, constructed beyond the main ditch and in front of the curtain.
1589P. Ive Fortif. 35 There the defences would be placed without the counterscarfe..and being so placed they are tearmed to be rauelins of the Italyans and Frenchmen, and of vs they have been tearmed spurres. 1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons Ded. 10 The bulwarkes, platformes, and reuelins haue beene taken away. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 85 It is indifferently well fortified with rauelings, bulwarkes and platteformes, besides a deepe ditch. 1665Manley tr. Grotius' Low C. Warres 271 Finding the Bulwark too strong for the Cannon, though a great part of the Ravelin was beaten down. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy II. xii, Common men..confound the ravelin and the half-moon together,—tho' they are very different things. 1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 204 The Ravelins are intended to cover the curtains and shoulders of the bastions, and to defend the ground in front of their saliants. 1834–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 23 Ravelins are seldom added to forts in the field, but almost always to fronts of permanent fortifications.
transf. and fig.1629B. Jonson in Sir J. Beaumont Bosworth-Field, This Booke will liue; It hath a Genius;..Here needs no words expense In Bulwarkes, Rau'lins, Ramparts, for defense. 1852Newland Lect. Tractar. 133 The church..though protected by a strong ravelin of masonry from..the falling ice. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics I. v. ii. 165 All the intellectual fortification of the time—the redoubts, ravelins..of dry stern logic.
▪ II. † ravelin2 Sc. Obs. rare.
[Cf. ravel n.2]
A railing, fence.
1626Burgh Rec. Aberdeen III. 7 The councell grants licience..to big a dyick or ravelin of tymber, betwixt the chappell wall and the lard Forbes back dyke of his yaird. |