| 释义 |
talon, n.|ˈtælən|
Forms: α. 4–5 taloun(e, 5 -owne, 5–7 tallon, 7 tal(l)en, pl. tallance, 5– talon. β. 5–6 talente, talaunt(e, tala(u)nde, 5–7 talland, 6 tallaunt(e, 6–7 talant(e, tallent, 6–7 (9 dial.) tallant, 6–8 (9 dial.) talent.
[ME. a. OF. talon heel of a man, or of a shoe, hinder part of the foot of a quadruped = Pr. talo, Sp. talon, Pg. talāo, It. talone heel, heel-piece:—late pop. L. or Com. Romanic tālo, tālōn-em heel, deriv. form of tālus ankle. With the β forms talant, talent, cf. ancient, margent, parchment, peasant, tyrant, etc.: see -ant3. The sense-development shows the stages: ankle; heel of man (of a shoe, etc.); heel or hinder part of the foot of a beast; hinder claw of a bird of prey; any claw (usually in pl. the claws) of a bird, a dragon, an ungulate beast, an insect, etc. The extension to a bird of prey, and subsequent stages, are peculiar to English.]
I.
†1.
a. The ‘heel’ or hinder part of the foot of certain quadrupeds, as swine and deer, or of the hoof of a horse. Obs.
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xxiv, A gret boore shall haue longe traces and þe clees rounde before and brode sooles of þe feete and a good talowne and longe bones. 1611Cotgr., Argot,..the deaw-clawe of a dog, &c.; the heele, or talon of a hog. 1639T. de la Grey Expert Farrier ii. xvii. 298 [The Quitter-bone] causeth a hard round swelling upon the cronet of the hoofe, betwixt the heele and the quarter of the long talent. [1688,1725: cf. talon-nail in 5.]
†b. The hallux or hinder claw of a bird. Obs.
1486Bk. St. Albans a viij, The grete Clees [of a hawk] behynde..ye shall call hom Talons. 1530Palsgr. 279/1 Talant of a byrde the hynder-clawe, talon, argot. 1552Huloet, Talent or clawe of a hawke, vngula. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 157 b, Let therefore your Henne be of a good colour, hauing..her tallons euen. Ibid. 158 Your Cockes..of colours, as I tolde you for the Hennes, and the like number of tallons.
2. pl. The claws (or less usually in sing. any claw) of a bird or beast.
a. spec. The powerful claws of a bird of prey, or of a dragon, griffin, etc.
αa1400Morte Arth. 800 The dragone..Towchez hym wyth his talounez, and terez hys rigge. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxvi. 269 [The Griffon] hath his talouns so longe and so grete as þough þei weren hornes of grete oxen. a1661B. Holyday Juvenal 250 Lubin..understands not how the pygmie should be snatch'd-up by the crane.. in his crooked talens, when as the crane's talents are not crooked. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 403 With sound of Harpies wings, and Talons heard. 1727Swift Gulliver ii. v, A kite..would have certainly carried me away in his talons. 1884Pae Eustace 137 We must see and take the Falcon from the talons of the French eagle.
β1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 369 Bryddes hauenge wynges and talandes. Ibid. VIII. 37 Thre [young eagles]..did bete the egle with theire talauntes and wynges. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xxviii. (1535) 47 b, He sawe two kytes ioninge to gyther with their talantes. 1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 20 The Harpies haue Virgins faces, and vultures Talentes. 1635R. Johnson Hist. Tom a Lincolne (1828) 104 The nailes of his fingers were as the tallents of eagles. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 151 What would become of my..dove, within the talents of such a vulture? 1893Salisbury S.E. Worc. Gloss., Local Pronunc., Talents, talons.
b. The claws (or in sing. any claw) of a wild beast, of an insect, etc.
αa1591H. Smith Jonah's Punishm. ii. (1602) B viij, Like Lions, which will be gentle vntill their tallons grow. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 5 The other four legs are cloven and arm'd with little clea's or tallons (like a Catamount). a1667Cowley Sylva, Ret. out of Scotl., Let spotted Lynces their sharp Talons fill, With Chrystal fetch'd from the Promethean Hill. 1873Holland A. Bonnic. xi. 184 Sheathed within the foot of velvet was hidden a talon of steel.
β1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 83 Men hauenge hedes lyke dogges, whiche be callede Cynocephali,..y-armede with teithe and talaundes, lyffenge by hawkenge and huntenge. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. x. 10 The talantes and teethe of the Lyon. 1628Gaule Pract. The. Panegyr. 47 It sufficeth, that wee discerne this Lyon, by his Talent.
c. Allusively applied to the grasping fingers or hands of human beings. (Cf. claw.)
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. ii. 64 If a talent be a claw, looke how he clawes him with a talent. 1594? Greene Selimus Wks. (Grosart) XIV. 264, I can scarce keep her talents from my eies. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 142 They haue..neither kniues or spoones but only their ten talons. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xviii, An I had ye amang the Frigate Whins, wadna I set my ten talents in your wuzzent face for that very word? 1860Hawthorne Marb. Faun xvi, Still he washed his brown, bony talons.
d. fig.
1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. ii. vii, Now doth ghastly Death With greedy talents gripe my bleeding heart. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme iii. xxxiv. 497 The oliue tree being once seased in his tallance of a good peece of ground, contenteth it selfe. 1748Johnson Van. Hum. Wishes 168 Rebellion's vengeful talons. 1751― Rambler No. 113 ⁋7 Nothing should have torn me from her but the talons of necessity. 1774Burke Corr. (1844) I. 451 That they may yet be able to save something from the talons of despotism.
II.
3. transf. A heel-like part or object. [In a, b, c = F. talon.] a. Naut. The curved back of a ship's rudder. ? Obs. b. Arch. An ogee moulding: = ogee 2. c. The ‘heel’ of a blade, as of a sword. d. A part of the shell of a bivalve; cf. heel n.1 7 h. e. The projection on the bolt of a lock against which the key presses (Knight Dict. Mech. 1877). f. (See quot.)
a.1485–6Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 14 For a pece of tymbre..spent in makyng of a talland for the same Rother. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Tallant, the upper hance, or break of the rudder abaft.
b.1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v., The Talon consists of two Portions of a Circle, one without, and the other within; and when the Concave Part is uppermost, it is called Reversed Talon. 1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 172 That ornamental member called by the architects ‘cyma recta’, or talon. 1810Rudim. Anc. Archit. (1821) 41 The ovolo and talon are always employed as supporters to the essential members of the composition, such as the modillions, denteles, and corona. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Talon, the name given by the French to the ogee.
c.1854Woodward Mollusca ii. 276 Umbones elongated, progressively filled up with shell, and forming an irregular ‘talon’ in front of the fixed valve.
d.1869Boutell Arms & Arm. ix. (1874) 180 From the talon, or heel of the blade, on the opposite side, is a hollow indent, intended to hold the thumb.
f.1898Syd. Soc. Lex., Talon, a heel or low cusp of a tooth.
4. fig.
a. Cards. The remainder of the pack after the hands have been dealt. Cent. Dict. 1891.
b. Comm. See quot. 1882. (So both in Fr.)
a.1862C. C. Meehan Law & Practice of Game of Euchre v. 86 Talon, the eleven cards remaining in the pack after the dealer has distributed five to each player and turned up the twenty-first card for the trump. 1921M. C. Work Auction for Two or Three iii. 78 Talon..is, in fact, a sort of secondary Stock in Russian Bank and a distinguishing term must be used to describe it. 1977Jrnl. Playing-Card Soc. May 25 When the discard is complete, everyone should have 11 cards and the four face-down cards remaining are called the talon.
b.1882Bithell Counting-Ho. Dict. (1893) s.v., A Talon, as most commonly known in commerce, is the last portion of a sheet of coupons.., and contains on its face an intimation that if it is presented at the house or office indicated, a new sheet of coupons will be given in exchange for it... The Talon is also a name applied to the marginal appendage of a Spanish coupon, and..payment of the coupon is refused if such talon or appendage happens to have been cut off. 1932Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 2/3 Provision was made on May 3 for the conversion of the Austrian share of liability..into new 4 per cent. bonds. Bonds, Talons, or coupons must now be presented at the Staatszentralkasse, Singerstrasse 17, Vienna, before Dec. 31. 1964Lebende Sprachen IX. 99/2 A coupon sheet, consisting of dividend coupons and a talon, is attached to each share warrant. The dividend coupons are used by the holder to collect dividends. When the last coupon has been cashed, the talon is exchanged for a new coupon sheet. 1979Daily Tel. 26 Nov. 24/6 The Bank of England give notice that new coupon sheets for the above-mentioned Loan will be available on and after 17th January 1980 in exchange for talons.
5. attrib. and Comb., as talon-like, talon-tipped adjs.; † talon-nail, in Farriery, a shoeing-nail driven into the back part of the hoof.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 89/2 Tallon Nail, is that Nail driven in the shooe towards the Horse heel. 1725Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Shoeing of horses, The two Talon nails must be drove first, then look whether the shoe stands right or not. 1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxxi. 339 His hand..was talon-like, it was so bony and long-fingered. 1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 195/1 And talon-tipped hands toss him kisses. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 52 The nails are often split and break, or are changed into talon-like appendages.
Hence † ˈtalon v. trans., to tear with the talons; to claw. In quot. fig.
1685F. Spence tr. Varillas' Ho. Medicis 306 When they came to talon them with an usurpation. |