| 释义 |
adhesion|ædˈhiːʒən|
Also 7 adhæsion.
[a. Fr. adhésion, ad. L. adhæsiōn-em, n. of action, f. adhæs- ppl. stem of adhærē-re to adhere.]
1. a. The action of sticking (to anything) by physical attraction, viscosity of surface, or firm grasping. Also a particular instance of such clinging. In Path. The unnatural union of surfaces consequent upon inflammation. In Med., also a benign union of tissue as in healing (now rare). Also spec. in Physical Chem. (see quots.).
1645Howell Lett. v. 11 To the nutrition of the body, there are two Essentiall conditions requir'd..concoction and agglutination or adhæsion. 1661Boyle Spring & Weight of Air i. iv. (1682) 10, I could not find the Adhesion of the Finger to the Tube to be near so strong as our author related. 1794Sullivan View of Nat. I. 120 The strong adhesion of two leaden balls which touch by polished surfaces. 1800J. Burns Diss. Inflammation II. ii. 5 We are then chiefly to search after, and extract foreign bodies, when we apprehend that their removal may permit the inflammation to be resolved, and adhesion to take place. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 224 A very slight adhesion had taken place between the sigmoid flexure of the colon and..the peritoneum. 1813[see intention 10 b]. 1853Mayne Expos. Lex. 19/1 Adhesion, term for that property by which certain bodies attract others; or for the power by which their particles adhere to each other. 1860Tyndall Glaciers ii. §23. 352 A new adhesion occurs which holds the pieces together. 1867Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Oct. 356/1 The imposing circumstances of the operation have made all surgeons feel the..necessity of closing the wound at once..and endeavouring to obtain reunion of the abdominal wall..by direct adhesion, uncomplicated by suppuration. 1875F. Buckland Log-book 125 One of the most remarkable adhesions of oysters that ever came under my notice. 1876Encycl. Brit. V. 56/1 The forces which are concerned in these phenomena are those which act between neighbouring parts of the same substance, and which are called forces of cohesion, and those which act between portions of matter of different kinds, which are called forces of adhesion. 1948Glasstone Physical Chem. (ed. 2) vii. 483 This work is a measure of the energy required to separate the solid from the liquid and is called the work of adhesion between solid and liquid. 1959P. Weiss in W. B. Patterson Wound Healing & Tissue Repair i. 3 These observations..reveal the existence of highly specialized ultramicroscopic devices for cellular attachment (rather than plain adhesion), which must be taken into account when considering the mobilization of the epidermis for wound healing. 1980Conc. Med. Dict. 10/2 In primary adhesion there is very little granulation tissue; in secondary adhesion the two edges are joined together by granulation tissue.
b. fig.
a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 122 He was..separated from us in inseparable adhesion to perfection. 1779J. Moore View of Soc. II. xcvi. 436 There are, however, so many repelling points in the American and French characters, that I cannot imagine the adhesion between them could be of long duration.
c. Mech. The grip (of a wheel on a track, etc.) produced by friction, or the friction itself. Also attrib.
1862W. J. M. Rankine Man. Civ. Engin. iii. i. 639 The ‘adhesion’, as it is called, or force which prevents the driving wheels from slipping on the rails. 1889Cent. Dict., Adhesion-car, a railroad-car provided with means for increasing the adhesive or tractive power beyond that due merely to the weight imposed upon the rails. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 167/2 Adhesion lines..may be either of normal or of narrow gauge. Ibid. 168/1 A wet rail will prevent the use of the theoretical adhesion of the driving wheels. 1933Discovery Feb. 57/2 A proposed adhesion railway to follow up a forest-clad Serra in South America. 1958Engineering 14 Mar. 342/1 The high cost of these locomotives is apparently justified from the good adhesion characteristics.
2. The action of attaching oneself, or of remaining attached, to a person, party, or tenet, as a partizan, supporter, or follower. to give in one's adhesion: to declare oneself an adherent, join as a supporter.
1624Bp. R. Montagu New Gagg 164 For faith is an adhesion unto God. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. vi. 20 The mortallest enemy unto knowledge..hath been a peremptory adhesion unto authority. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. viii. 166 [It] carries with it the condition of a sincere adhæsion to my interest. 1846Prescott Ferd. & Isab. I. iv. 197 The Pimentels..now openly testified their adhesion to her [Isabella's] niece. 1851Hussey Papal Power iii. 136 John..and the Synod under him, sent in their adhesion to Rome. 1861Trollope Tales of all Countries (ser. 2) (1863) 295 His first idea had been that so close a connection..would be delightful. He had blushed as he had given in his adhesion. 1863Kinglake Crimea (1876) I. xiii. 209 Austria had never ceased to declare her adhesion to her accustomed policy.
3. Psych. Intimate and involuntary association of ideas and action.
1855Bain Senses & Intell. ii. i. 322 (L.) There grows up in course of time an adhesion between the tension of the rotator muscles and the several movements of walking, and at last they coalesce in one complete whole. Ibid. 325 It is within the cerebral hemispheres that the adhesion takes place.
4. Bot. Union of organs by confluence of normally unlike parts, such as the distinct floral whorls; in opposition to cohesion, the coalescence of like parts, such as the margins of organs in the same whorl.
1857Henfrey Bot. 94 No case is known of adhesion of the three inner circles, with a free calyx. 1872Oliver Elem. Bot. i. iv. 27 Union of corolla to stamens, or ovary to calyx, or of stamens to corolla or to pistil, is due to adhesion—parts of different whorls or series being concerned.
5. a. Any substance or circumstance which adheres; an attendant, appendage, or accessory. rare.
1827Carlyle Misc. I. 14 Casting off all foreign, especially all noxious adhesions. 1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. III. 748/1 The adhesions which are formed by the consolidation of coagulable lymph.
b. Med. A mass of fibrous connective tissue joining two surfaces that are normally separate.
1743tr. Heister's Surg. 300 Having freed the disordered Artery from its Adhesions. 1793M. Baillie Morbid Anat. i. 6 Such adhesions are to be considered as the consequence of previous inflammation. 1895Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Jan. 1/2 The fibro-serous adhesions between the stomach and the parietes were as firm as ever. 1967J. Cyriax in Rob & Smith Clin. Surg. XIII. xii. 315 Adhesions form, especially after a sprain at the knee or ankle, when healing of a minor ligamentous rupture is allowed to take place during insufficient movement. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. i. xix. 87/2 Adhesions are a common cause of intestinal obstruction.
▸ adhesion molecule n. Molecular Biol. any of various molecules produced on the surface of a cell which mediate its adhesion to other cells or to a surrounding matrix (more fully cell adhesion molecule, abbreviated CAM).
1976U. Rutishauser et al. in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73 580/2 The problem..is to relate the antigenic determinants on F2 to a cell surface molecule... These determinants are present on a cell *adhesion molecule (CAM). 1987G. A. Edelman Neural Darwinism iv. 78 A fourth adhesion molecule, cytotactin.., appears on glial cells somewhat later in development and is involved in the movement of neurons on glia. 1991Sci. Amer. Sept. 12/2 Before inspecting a cell's antigens..a T cell must first stick to the cell by binding briefly with certain adhesion molecules, called epitopes, on its surface. 1997New Scientist 15 Nov. 6/2 One key protein, called vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or VCAM-1, serves as a docking point on the cell surface for white blood cells. |