| 释义 |
▪ I. taint, n.|teɪnt|
Forms: 4–6 taynte, 5 teynt, 5–7 taynt, 6 tainte, teinte, 7 tainct, 6– taint.
[Here, as in taint v.1, two words of distinct origin, being identical in form, appear to have run together in the formation of later senses. The original words are placed under A and B, the blended senses under C.]
A. [Aphetic form of attaint n.]
†1.
a. A ‘hit’ in tilting; = attaint n. 1. Also fig.
c1400Melayne 1387 Bot me sall neuer be-tyde that taynte. 1494in Letters of Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 397 Sir Edward A Borough..brake a spere well brokyn, the ijde better, with a teynt. 1543Grafton Contn. Harding 596 He..gaue so many teintes yt euery man maruayled at his wonderfull feetes. Ibid. 599 At euery coursse he brake a speare or gaue a taynt. 1551–2Edw. VI Lit. Rem. (Roxb.) II. 389 Ther was a match..at tilt. Theis [the earl of Warwick, etc.] wane by 4 taintes. 1602Segar Hon. Mil. & Civ. iii. xxxviii. 168 At the last meeting the French Taint was so strong, as the Englishman was wel-neere borne downe: and so they departed. c1611Chapman Iliad iii. 374 This taint he follow'd with his sword, drawn from a silver sheath.
†b. transf. A knock, a blow. Obs.
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) vii, If grehoundes gyf hym [the fox] mony tayntes and ouersette hym.
2. A disease in horses; = attaint n. 3.
1565Blundevil Horsemanship iv. cxix. (1580) 55 Of a nether taint... This is a little bladder full of iellie, much like vnto a wind-gall, not apparant to the eie, but to the feeling, growing in the midst of the pasterne, somewhat aboue the frush. It commeth by a straine, or else by some wrench, or by an ouerreach. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 672 His observations are particularly applicable to the curl, still they will apply equally well to the taint.
†3. A conviction; spec. the conviction of a jury for having given a false verdict; = attaint n. 4.
1530Palsgr. 279/1 Taynte, condamne [n.]. 1607Cowell Interpr., Taint..signifieth either substantiuely a conviction, or adiectiuely a person convicted of felonie or Treason &c. See Attaint. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. i. 13 Gif the assisors sall happin to be convict as mensworne in the court, be ane Taynt; that is, be probation of twentie foure loyall men. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), A Taint, a Conviction.
†B. [a. OF. teint, taint (12th c.):—L. tinctu-s (u-stem), and teinte (13th c.):—late and med.L. tincta, n. fem. from tinct-us, pa. pple. of tingĕre to tinge. Cf. the later doublets tinct and tint.] Colour, hue, tint; tinge; dye. Obs.
1567Drant Horace, Epist. ii. ii. H vj, Pearles, stones, iewels, pictures, with costelie kynde of tainte. 1598Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. i. (Arb.) 150 The crimson tainte, which should be laid vpon a Ladies lips, or right in the center of her cheekes. a1592Greene Hexametra Alexis in laudem Rosamundæ 6 Face rose-hued, cherry-red, with a silver taint like a lily. c1593Earl of Oxford Sheph. Commend. Nimph vii, This pleasant Lilly white, This taint of roseate red.
C. [Senses app. combining A and B.]
1. a. A stain, a blemish; a sullying spot; a touch, trace, shade, tinge, or tincture of some bad or undesirable quality; a touch of discredit, dishonour, or disgrace; a slur.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 390, I hate ingratitude more in a man, Then..any taint of vice. a1637B. Jonson Underwoods xiii, A hallowed temple, free from taint Of ethnicisme. 1643Chas. I. Proclam. Wks. 1662 II. 350 Free from the foul Taint of High Treason. 1682Otway Venice Pres. ii. i, They leave a Taint, a Sully where they've past. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), A Taint..a Blur, Spot, or Blemish in one's Reputation. 1742Fielding Jos. Andrews ii. iv, His temper was..without the least taint of moroseness. 1781Cowper Expost. 150 Free from every taint but that of vice. 1819Keats Eve St. Agnes xxv, She knelt so pure a thing, so free from mortal taint. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. (1846) II. xx. 211 A slight taint of pedantry. 1851G. Brimley Ess., Wordsworth 103 There is no taint upon his robe. 1883Sir J. Bacon in Law Rep. 25 Ch. Div. 316 For good consideration and without taint of suspicion.
†b. A flaw or blemish in the feathers of hawks from improper feeding; = hunger-traces. Obs.
1486Bk. St. Albans B ij b, The tayntys that be vppon her tayll and her Wengys wiche tayntys com for lacke of fedyng when thay be Eyes. Ibid., A Taynt is a thyng that gooth ouerwarte the federis of the wynges, and of the tayll lyke as and it were eetyn with wormys.
c. An unpleasant scent or smell. Cf. taint v. C. 4 c.
1927H. Williamson Tarka the Otter i. 5 Mingled with the flower odours..was the taint that had given her a sudden shock..; the taint most dreaded by the otters..—the scent of Deadlock, the great pied hound. 1951‘J. Wyndham’ Day of Triffids xi. 205 On the higher ground there was still little taint in the fresh air.
2. a. A contaminating, corrupting, or depraving influence, physical or moral; a cause or condition of corruption or decay; an infection.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. iii. 28 What followes then?..a generall Taint Of the whole State. 1692Locke Educ. §68 Keep him from the Taint of your Servants, and meaner People. 1735Bolingbroke On Parties ii. 15 That epidemical Taint, with which King James infected the Minds of Men, continued upon us. 1828Macaulay Ess., Hallam (1887) 93 A deep and general taint infected the morals of the most influential classes. 1832H. Martineau Ireland vi. 93 The health..was affected by the taint the marsh gave to the atmosphere.
b. A trace or tinge of disease in a latent state.
1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 16 It is a great signe of a taint, and next yeeres death. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 347 If you doe perceive a taint in his winde. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 414 How often does latent venereal taint produce glandular obstructions? 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 410 Diseases of the bones, dependent upon or resulting from a scrofulous taint. 1879Spon's Encycl. Manuf. I. 9 It is also essential that there shall be no dry rot or ‘taint’ present [in the wood]. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 116 Both diseases own a common origin, namely, hereditary nervous taint.
†3. (Also tant.) Short for taint-worm; also, a small red spider (see quot. 1646). Obs.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 134 b, If he swell of the taint, or stingworme. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxvii. 176 There is found in the Summer a kind of spider called a Tainct of a red colour... This by Countrey people is accounted a deadly poison unto Cowes and Horses; who, if they suddenly die, and swell thereon, ascribe their death hereto, and will commonly say, they have licked a Tainct. 1656in Blount Glossogr. a1705Ray Hist. Insects (1710) 41 Araneus exiguus coccineus, vulgo Anglicè a Tant or Taint.
4. Comb. as taint-free a., free from taint.
1663Flagellum, or O. Cromwell 205 Nor were most of his Relations taint free of those principles.
▪ II. † taint, ppl. a. Obs. rare.
1. [Aphetic form of attaint ppl. a.]
a. Attainted, convicted.
b. Affected, seized, struck.
c. Exhausted.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5164 Recreaunt & teynt. Ibid. 10903 Ful of yre, wyþ colour [= choler] teint. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2822 Gyoun þanne was teynt & paal; so longe he hadde yuaste. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de Worde) ii. xvii. 129/1 He sholde be taken as a conuycte and a taynt [perh. ataynt] traytour. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Taint, Convicted of a Crime, as Treason, Felony, etc.
2. [Shortened pa. pple. of taint v.] = tainted; infected, corrupt.
1620Quarles Jonah ix. Medit. H ij b, Their seruice is vnsweet, and foully taint. 1743Lond. & Country Brew. iv. (ed. 2) 330 Such casks..will grow furry, taint, and stinking.
▪ III. taint, v.1
Forms: 4–6 taynte, 5–6 taynt, 6–7 teint, 5– taint. Pa. pple. tainted; also formerly contr. taint (teint, etc.).
[Here, as in the n., there are two words of distinct origin, A and B, and a series of senses C, in which both appear more or less to blend.]
A. [Aphetic form of attaint v.]
I.
†1. trans. To convict, prove guilty; = attaint v. 3. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxi. (Eugenia) 603, & þu with þis dede is wele taynt, Þat makis na ansuere to þis plant. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxvi. 122 All thefez and robbours þat er taynted þeroff. c1400Destr. Troy 8109 Now art þou trewly hor traitour, & tainted for fals. c1440York Myst. xxvi. 6 Traytoures tyte will I taynte. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 485 Apollo commanded them, that if they were all tainted with the said murder, they should all depart out of the citie Chios.
†2. To prove (a charge); = attaint v. 4. Obs.
1424Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 6/1 And quhar it beis tayntyt þt þai [rukis] bige and þe birdis be flowin and þe nestis be fundyn in þe treis at beltane, þe treis salbe forfaltit to þe king.
†3. To subject to attainder; = attaint v. 6. Obs.
1732–8Neal Hist. Purit. (1822) I. 71 Elizabeth's blood being tainted by act of parliament.
†4. To accuse of crime or dishonour; = attaint v. 7. Obs.
a1619Fletcher Bonduca i. i, 'Tis dishonour, And, follow'd, will be impudence, Bonduca, And grow to no belief, to taint these Romans.
II.
†5.
a. To touch, strike, hit; esp. in tilting; = attaint v. i. Obs.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clxviii. [clxiv.] 470 They ran togider, & tainted eche other on ye helmes, but their speres grated not. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 80, I doe liue, I assure thee, thogh dangers sundrye me taynted. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. iv. 65 b, The Enemie..tainted fower of them with the Shot of one Harquebouze. 1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. i. iii, Tilting at a glove, Which, when he tainted with his slender rod, He [etc.].
†b. To break (a lance, staff) in tilting, etc. Obs.
1599B. Jonson Every Man out of Hum. ii. i, He can sit a great horse; hee will taint a staffe well at tilt. 1624Massinger Parl. Love iv. iii, Do not fear. I have A staff to taint, and bravely.
B. [a. AF. teinter (1409–10), f. teint, pa. pple. of OF. teindre to dye, colour:—L. tingĕre to dye, tinge; cf. attaint, paint.]
†1.
a. trans. To colour, dye, tinge. Obs.
[1409–10Act 11 Hen. IV, c. 6 Qe certeins marchantz aliens..achatent..Mill draps de blanket fyne, ou pluis, & les font teintrere [v.r. teinter] de lour grayn demesne en Scarlet ou Sangwyne. ]1471Ripley Comp. Alch. i. vi. in Ashm. Theatr. Chem. Brit. (1652) 130 Able to tayne [? taynt] with colour whych wyll not vade. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxxxviii. 513 With the blode of y⊇ dede sarasyns theyr swordys were all tayntyd red. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 54 At this, the pore swaine tainted his cheeks with a vermillion die. 1725Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Butter, As to that [Butter] which they taint with Eel-pouts, besides that it deceives the Sight it is very often disagreeable to the Taste. [a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 57 Bid faith and beauty die, and taint Her heart with fraud, her face with paint.]
†b. To dip, bathe. Obs. rare.
1594Marlowe Dido i. i, And Phoebus, as in Stygian pools, refrains To taint his tresses in the Tyrrhene main.
†2. To apply tincture, balm, or ointment to (a wound, etc.). Obs.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 65 If it be ripe it shalbe lawnced, if it be broken it shalbe tainted. 1580― Euphues & Eng. (Arb.) 314 Whether dost thou wade Philautus in launcing the wound thou shouldest taint. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 274 If you slit his [a horse's] fore-head, and loosening the skin from the bone, taint it with Turpentine and Sallet-oyl, it will undoubtedly help him. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 95 Annoynt, wash, bathe and taint (if need be) the sorance.
C. [Senses in which A and B appear to blend.]
1. trans. To affect (esp. in a slight degree); to touch, tinge, imbue slightly (usually with some bad or undesirable quality).
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, v. iii. 183 A pure vnspotted heart, Neuer yet taint with loue, I send the King. 1593― 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 40 Nero will be tainted with remorse. 1605R. Carew in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 99, I am tainted with a sparcke of Envye. 1710Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. Pref., Those who are tainted with Scepticism. 1761–2Hume Hist. Eng. lxix. (1806) V. 198 Nowise tainted with enthusiasm. 1850Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. II. 115 The French or Spanish creoles here would shrink..from inter⁓marriage with one tainted, in the slightest degree, with African blood. 1884Law Rep. 26 Ch. Div. 124 It does not follow that all the subsequent payments were tainted with the original infirmity.
†2.
a. To affect injuriously; to cause detriment to; to hurt, injure, impair. Obs.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 13 Sure the man is tainted in's wits. a1623Beaumont Ode Blessed Trin. ii, No cold shall thee benumme, Nor darknesse taint thy sight.
†b. To sully, stain, tarnish (a person's honour).
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. i. 56 We come not by the way of Accusation, To taint that honour euery good Tongue blesses. 1710Steele Tatler No. 183 ⁋1 Any Occasion which he thinks may taint his own Honour. 1722― Conscious Lovers iv. i, The honour of a Gentleman is liable to be tainted by as small a Matter as the Credit of a Trader.
†3.
a. To affect with weakness; to cause to lose vigour or courage. Obs.
1600Holland Livy xxviii. xv. 679 [They] being thus tainted, as well in courage of heart, as in bodily strength, gave ground and reculed. c1611Chapman Iliad xiii. 449 Fear taints me worthily, Though firm I stand, and show it not.
†b. intr. To lose vigour or courage; to become weak or faint; to wither, fade. Obs.
1605Shakes. Macb. v. iii. 3 Till Byrnane wood remoue to Dunsinane, I cannot taint with Feare. 1639Horn & Rob. Gate Lang. Unl. xi. §106 Failing of that moisture it flags, tainteth (withereth), and by and by drieth away.
4. a. trans. To infect with pernicious, noxious, corrupting or deleterious qualities; to touch with putrefaction; to corrupt, contaminate, deprave.
1573Durham Deposit. (Surtees) 252 The said Bell is a great lyer, and taintyd of his tounge. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iv. 75 Ladies lips..Which oft the angry Mab with blisters plagues, Because their breath with Sweet meats tainted are. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. ii. ii, Why tainst thou then the ayre with stench of flesh? 1667Milton P.L. xii. 512 The truth With superstitions and traditions taint. 1770Junius Lett. xxxviii. (1820) 186 The poison of their doctrines has tainted the natural benevolence of his disposition. 1861Thackeray Four Georges ii. (1862) 116 One..who tainted a great society by a bad example.
b. intr. To become putrefied, corrupted, or rotten; to tarnish.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 145 Nay pursue him now, least the deuice take ayre, and taint. 1637T. Morton New Eng. Canaan (1883) 117 Fish and Flesh both will taint in those partes, notwithstanding the use of Salt. 1641H. L'Estrange God's Sabbath 26 The putrefaction which Manna contracted by procrastination on other dayes..was the greater miracle..because it tainted against nature. 1766Museum Rust. III. 239 The natural humidity of the plant..which sometimes..is retained so long as to cause the heads to taint, and become rotten.
c. trans. To drive out (rabbits) from their burrows by the introduction of an offensive smell.
1909O. Jones Ten Years Game-Keeping ii. 22 Gipsies are a help to the keeper..when he has a difficulty in tainting out a colony of rabbits. 1972Young's Sporting Appliances (S. Young & Sons Ltd.) ii. 13 Proved to be best after exhaustive tests over many years for tainting out rabbits to lie out for shooting.
Hence ˈtainting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1593Nashe Foure Lett. Confut. Wks. (Grosart) II. 220 Yet tainting is no infamous surgerie for him that hath beene in so many hote skirmishes. 1598Florio, Macca, a bruse, a spot, a tainting. 1611Shakes. Cymb. i. iv. 148 If you buy Ladies flesh at a Million a Dram, you cannot preserue it from tainting. 1632Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 109 These words were very foule and dishonorable: it is a tainting of all honor. 1842Manning Serm. xi. (1848) I. 156 All the tainting, stupifying power of its original sin.
▪ IV. taint
obs. variant of tent n. |