| 释义 |
‖ tagma|ˈtægmə|
Pl. tagmata.
[a. Gr. τάγµα something arranged, f. τάσσειν to set in order.]
1. Veg. Physiol. A term applied by Pfeffer (in German, 1877) to the aggregates of molecules of which the structure of a plant is supposed to consist.
1885G. L. Goodale Physiol. Bot. §588. 213 note, Pfeffer applies a general term, Tagma, to all aggregates of molecules, thus bringing under one head the pleon, micella, and micellar aggregate; and he applies the name Syntagma to all bodies made up of tagmata. 1889J. S. Burdon-Sanderson in Nature 26 Sept. 524 That an element of living material, is not equivalent to a molecule, however big or complex, but must rather be an arrangement or phalanx of molecules of different kinds. Hence the word tagma, first used by Pfeffer, has come to be accepted as best expressing the notion.
2. Zool. Each of the morphologically distinct regions, comprising several adjoining segments, into which the bodies of arthropods and some other metamerically organized animals are divided. Chiefly pl. Hence tagˈmosis, the formation of tagmata.
1902E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XXV. 691/2 It is convenient to have a special word for..regions of like meres, and we call each a tagma (ταγµα, a regiment). The word ‘tagmosis’ is applicable to the formation of such regions. 1935R. E. Snodgrass Princ. Insect Morphol. iv. 80 Tagmosis is more variable in the Crustacea [than in insects]; in the Chilopoda and Diplopoda it results only in the formation of a head, including the gnathal segments, and a body. 1980C. Gillott Entomol. iii. 54 The basic segmental structure is frequently obscured as a result of tagmosis. In insects three tagmata are found: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen.
3. Linguistics.
a. A feature of grammatical arrangement or syntax.
1949Archivum Linguisticum I. 1 Such distinctions as that of morpheme and ‘tagma’ as the constituents of the syntagm provide the necessary correction. But there is a different sense in which morpheme and tagma may share in the expression of the meaning of a syntagm: a feature of meaning may be distributed over both.
b. In tagmemics, the smallest meaningful unit of grammatical substance (contrasted with tagmeme).
1964R. E. Longacre Grammar Discovery Procedures i. 46 Copy the data from the filing slips onto charts: (a) There should be a column for each tagma, i.e. for each tentatively identified function-set correlation. 1969W. A. Cook Introd. Tagmemic Analysis vii. 187 Tagmemics is a grouping process, which involves human judgment, an attempt to group tagmas into units essential to the language, as the language appears to the native speaker. |