| 释义 |
eleventh, a. and n.|ɪˈlɛv(ə)nθ|
Forms: α. 1 endlyfta, Northumb. ællefta, 3–4 enlefte, north. elleft. β. 1 endleofeða, 4 ellevefþe, 4–5 enlevenþ, -the, ellevend, -ent, -enþe, -ynd, -ynt, (4 allevenþe, elned, 5 aleffant), 6 elleventh, (ellewint, elevynth, aleventh, eleven, leventh, Sc. levint, 7 elventh, 9 dial. elevent), 7– eleventh.
[OE. ęndlyfta, ællefta, correspond to OFris. andlofta, ellefta, OS. ellifto, OHG. einlifto (MHG. einlifte, eilfte, mod.G. elfte), ON. ellifte (not recorded in Goth.):—OTeut. *ainlifton- f. *ainlif- eleven + ordinal suffix f. OAryan -to-. As in the case of other numerals, the original word has been superseded (since 14th c.) by a new formation on the cardinal numeral + -th (after fourth), which is now the universal ordinal suffix. Certain forms in ME. and mod.Eng., following other analogies, have -t or -d instead of -th.]
A. adj.
1. a. That comes next in order to the tenth. eleventh hour: the latest possible time, in allusion to the parable of the labourers (Matt. xx.); also eleventh-hour used attrib. or as adj.
971Blickl. Hom. 93 Eall eorþe bið mid þeostrum oforþeaht æt þa endlyftan tid þæs dæᵹes. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 6 Ða embe þa endlyftan tide he uteode. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 414 Þe enlefte day of heruest. a1300Cursor M. 22627 Þe signe o þe dai elleft, It es na skil þat it be left. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4798 Þe ellevend day men sal com out Of caves. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. xix. (1495) 357 The enleuenth month is Nouembre. 1489Plumpton Corr. 78 Aleffant day of moneth of March. 1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 10 Wpoun the ellewint day of July, &c. 1551Recorde Pathw. Knowl. i. xvii, According vnto the eleuen conclusion. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. i. 2 In th' eleuenth yere of y⊇ last Kings reign. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess. (1669) 60 Come the eleventh Plague, rather than this should be. 1829Southey All for Love i. xxiv, Though at the eleventh hour Thou hast come to serve our Prince of Power. 1870Rossetti Let. 17 Mar. (1965) II. 820 But I am getting into that mistrustful state which 11th hour work is sure to engender. 1897C. M. Flandrau Harvard Episodes 230 So, in response to John's eleventh-hour prayers, he did what he could. 1904Daily Chron. 24 Oct. 5/4 An eleventh-hour alteration in the arrangements for the return of Queen Alexandra from Copenhagen. 1966Listener 1 Dec. 810/2 To commit a boy to preparing for either..examination..deprives the eleventh-hour developer of a chance of an award.
b. with ellipsis of n.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1013 Þe Iacyngh þe enleuenþe gent. 1340Ayenb. 14 Þe enlefte is to leve þe lesnesse of zenne. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2845 Basyn was þe elleuefþe þat ȝe han slawe there. c1400Apoll. Loll. 78 Þe elleuynt. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 51 The levint, quha presumis of thame self ony thing. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 183 The ellewint is continence quhairby we abstein nocht only from meats, bot also from al vickednes. 1632Sanderson 12 Serm. 101 At the eleventh.
2. eleventh part: one of eleven equal parts into which a quantity may be divided.
1797Burke Regic. Peace Wks. VIII. 402 An increase..from an eleventh to a twentieth part of the whole duty.
†3. quasi-adv. in the eleventh place, eleventhly.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 292 b, Elleuenth, they be mortifyed from all feares, scrupules, and euyll dedes.
B. n.
1. = eleventh part; see A. 2.
1557Recorde Whetst. B ij b, Sesquiundecima. 12 to 11: 24 to 22..{vb}11/11{vb} a leuenth more.
2. Mus. A note eleven diatonic degrees above or below a given note; also (usually) the interval between this and the given note, equivalent to an octave and a fourth; a chord containing two such notes.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 70 From Gam vt to D la sol re is a twelfe, although it seeme in common sence but an aleuenth. 1811T. Busby Dict. Mus., Eleventh, an interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees, or eleven diatonic sounds. 1880Grove Dict. Mus. I. 437 The chord of the dominant eleventh, when complete..is hardly likely to be found unabridged. Ibid. 438 [Some] theorists..repudiate the chords of the eleventh and thirteenth. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 26 The ninths and elevenths and whole-tone chords that form the stock-in-trade of Debussy's early mannered style. |