| 释义 |
▪ I. addition, n.|əˈdɪʃən|
Forms: 4 addicioun, 5 addicion, 5–6 addycyon, 6 addycion, 6– addition.
[a. Fr. addition, ad. L. additiōn-em n. of action f. add-ĕre; see add.]
1. a. The action or process of adding; the putting or joining of one thing to another so as to increase it, or the joining together of several things into one amount.
c1440Prom. Parv. 6/2 Addycyon, or puttinge to for encrese, Addicio. a1550Compl. Lover's Life 201 Without addicioun Or disencrese, eyther more or lesse. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. ii. ii. 130 And take vnmingled thence that drop againe Without addition or diminishing. 1635N. Carpenter Geogr. Delin. i. iv. 74 The Addition or Subtraction of some parts would make but an insensible difference. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus., Let. in Pref. (1732) Accept the Whole as it was first set down, without Addition or Diminution. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 13 The addition of a new fact to a farmer's mind often increases the amount of his harvest more than the addition of acres to his estate.
b. in addition, additionally (to), as an additional thing or circumstance.
1902B. T. Washington Up from Slavery xvii. 312 In addition to the agricultural training which we give to young men, and the training given to our girls in all the usual domestic employments, we now train a number of girls in agriculture each year. 1936J. J. Thomson Recoll. & Reflections i. 13 In addition to the lectures there were two classes a week. Ibid. 142 The number of research students steadily increased, and in addition many distinguished physicists came from abroad. 1979D. Murphy Wheels within Wheels xi. 150 In addition to his normal day's work in the library, he had to care for a complete invalid, shop on the way home,..and then translate demanding tomes until one or two o'clock in the morning. 1986Guardian 6 Dec. 10/4 At Chernobyl the hydrogen mixed with air and caused many secondary explosions... In addition the PWR has an exceptionally high power density.
2. The process of collecting separate numbers into one sum, which is the first rule of arithmetic.
1542Recorde Grounde of Artes (1575) 60 Addition is the gathering together and bringyng of twoo numbers or more, into one totall summe. 1827Hutton Mathem. I. 8 Addition is the collecting or putting of several numbers together, in order to find their sum, or the total amount of the whole. 1872Hamb. Smith Algebra 2 The process of addition in Arithmetic can be presented in a shorter form by the use of the sign +.
3. That which is added to anything; an appendix, augmentation, accession.
1366Mandeville vii. 80 Thei ne know not the Addiciouns, that many Popes han made. 1483Caxton Cato Pref., The said book of Cathon with some addicions and auctoritees of holy doctours. a1520Myrroure of Our Ladye 29 Certeyne addycions that are put therto. 1611Bible 1 Kings vii. 29 Beneath the lyons and oxen were certaine additions made of thinne worke. 1691Petty Polit. Arith. Pref. a 2 That Ireland and..other Additions to the Crown, are a Burthen to England. 1855Brewster Newton II. xxvi. 384 Had Sir Isaac enjoyed his usual health, he would no doubt have made greater additions to the Principia.
4. Something annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occupation, or place of residence, or otherwise to distinguish him; ‘style’ of address.
1494Fabyan iv. lxix. 48 He had an addycyon put to his name, and was called for his great myght and power, Constantyne the Great. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart Pref. 2, I haue not gyuen euery lorde, knyght, or squyer his true addycion. 1604Shakes. Oth. iv. i. 105 Iago. How do you Lieutenant? Cass. The worser, that you giue me the addition. 1605― Lear i. i. 138 Onely we shall retaine The name, and all th' addition to a King. 1726Penn Wks. I. 503 To set down the Names of those Justices who were present, with all their Additions and Titles. 1802Hull Advertiser 13 Nov. 4/3 A List of Certificates issued..pursuant to the Acts of Parliament granting a Duty on such Certificates. Names. Addition. Places of Abode. 1936R. W. Chapman Names 262 The Lord President of the Council and the Financial Secretary to the Treasury are not often so named; one hardly remembers who are the owners of those additions.
†5. Her. Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honour; opposed to abatement or diminution. Obs.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 141, I came to kill thee Cozen, and beare hence A great addition, earned in thy death. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., The arms of a kingdom have been sometimes given, by way of Addition, to a private subject.
†6. point or note of addition in Music: A dot placed on the right side of a note, to signify that it is to be lengthened by one half. Obs.
1674Playford Skill of Music i. viii. 27 This Prick of Perfection or Addition is ever placed on the right side of all Notes, for the prolonging the sound of that note it follows to half as much more as it is. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., A note of Addition amounts to the same, with what is by some old English authors, called prick of perfection. 1880F. Taylor in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 456/2 The ‘point of addition’ was identical with our modern dot.
7. Chem. attrib., as addition compound, addition product, one formed by the direct addition of one substance to another without change of valency. (Cf. additive a. b.) Also addition agent (see quot. 1940).
1879Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXVI. 51 The addition-products of picramide with aniline..lost the whole of their base on exposure to the air. 1888Roscoe & Schorlemmer Treat. Chem. III. iv. 469 Addition Products of Phthalic Acid. 1922T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. ii. xxiii. 275 Addition and Substitution of Chlorine. In general, it may be said that chlorine forms two types of derivatives, namely, (a) Addition-compounds..(b) Substitution derivatives. 1927Motor Cycling 7 Dec. 104/2 This solution, the electrolyte, contains..according to numerous patents, various other materials known as ‘addition agents’ either to start the plate or to improve the ‘throwing power’ of the bath. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 12/2 Addition agent, a substance added to the electrolyte in an electro-deposition process in order to improve the character of the deposit formed.
Add:[3.] †b. U.S. An adjacent piece of land added to an existing holding. Obs.
1636Official Rec. Springfield, Mass. (1898) I. 159 [A lot with] an adition..of as much marish as makes the wholel twenty fouer acres. 1721Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. (1922) III. 12 A Petition..Praying for an Addition of 3700 Acres of Land, to be added to their former Grant.
c. U.S. An area laid out as an extension of a town.
1786Maryland Jrnl. 6 Jan. (Advt.) (Th.), Found, in Howard's new Addition to Baltimore-Town, 127 panes of glass. 1885Harper's Mag. Apr. 694/2 The centre of an important new quarter of the town, or ‘addition’, as the trans-Mississippi word is. 1941Morgantown (W. Va.) Post 18 Mar. 10/3 The Guardian Investment Company deeded a lot in Norwood Addition, Town of Sabraton, to Vinnie Sanders.
d. A wing, room, etc., added as an extension of an existing building. orig. U.S.
c1638Harvard College Rec. (1925) I. 172 Ffor unloading the Timber prepard for y⊇ Addition: [{pstlg}]3. 10[s.]. 1679Moxon Mech. Exercises I. 130 If either a Quirk or any Addition be added to the building..you must describe it also proportionably. 1887M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 120 Hiram Arms never ought to have put on them additions. 1978Lancashire Life July 37/3 Instead of being tied-in to the building next-door this 19th century addition was simply slapped-up alongside it. 1991Atlantic Oct. 121/2 An ill-conceived and weirdly imitative addition to the Kimbell Art Museum was about to be built. 1992Down East Feb. 80/3 (Advt.), Comfortable, well-kept original home, well-built mother-in-law addition, spacious decks overlooking back yard, mountain views.
▪ II. † aˈddition, v. Obs. rare.
[addition n. 4 used as vb.]
To add something to the name of (any one); to surname or style.
1662Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 266 A worthy knight, whom I forbear to name..partly because, before my pains pass the press, he will probably be honourably additioned. Ibid iii. 228 Bale..is pleased to Addition this worthy man, Sewaldus Magnanimus. |