| 释义 |
‖ synæsthesia|sɪnɪsˈθiːsɪə|
Pl. -æ |-iː|. Also synes-.
[mod.L., f. Gr. σύν syn-1 + stem αἰσθε- to feel, perceive, after anæsthesia.]
1. Psychol.
a. A sensation in one part of the body produced by a stimulus applied to another part.
b. Agreement of the feelings or emotions of different individuals, as a stage in the development of sympathy.
c. Production, from a sense-impression of one kind, of an associated mental image of a sense-impression of another kind: see quot. 1903.
1891Cent. Dict., Synæsthesia, synesthesia, the production of a sensation located in one place when another place is stimulated. 1895Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. VII. 90 The study of the varying forms of persisting abnormal association, usually known as ‘colored-hearing’ and ‘forms’, but grouped together by Theodore Flournoy, under the convenient name Synæsthesia, has hardly..completed the stage of scientific observation. 1897tr. Ribot's Psychol. Emotions ii. iv. 231 If..we try to follow the evolution of sympathy..we distinguish three principal phases. The first, or physiological, consists in an agreement of motor tendencies, a synergia; the second, or psychological, consists in an agreement of the emotional states, a synæsthesia; the third, or intellectual, results from a community of representations or ideas. 1903F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. p. xl, Vestiges of the primitive undifferentiated sensitivity persist in the form of synæsthesiæ, e.g. when the hearing of an external sound carries with it, by some arbitrary association of ideas, the seeing of some form or colour. 1935Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. XXV. 31 The most interesting phase of M's synaesthesia is the tendency to see the features of people in different colours. Her acquaintances were not only assigned particular colours, but they were remembered in terms of this colour. 1958New Scientist 6 Feb. 29/3 Synaesthesia is not a commonly reported psychiatric symptom. 1971Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 7/3 Synaesthesia (in his case ‘colour-hearing’) was observed among his blind patients by an English oculist. 1979C. Priest Infinite Summer 40 In the morning my synaesthesia seemed to have receded again.
2. Lit. The use of metaphors in which terms relating to one kind of sense-impression are used to describe sense-impressions of other kinds; the production of synæsthetic effect in writing or an instance of this.
[1901H. Oertel Lect. Study of Lang. v. 327 The second class of metaphors which ought to receive an exhaustive treatment is the transfer of terms from one sense sphere to the other. These..are illustrated by phrases like ‘a sharp tone’, ‘loud colors’... The phenomenon of synaesthesia has received rather full treatment at the hand of the psychologists, but its reflection on language has not yet received adequate treatment by lexicographers.] 1932G. Stern in Göteborgs Högskolas Arsskrift XXXVIII. i. 323 Synaesthesia is especially common among adjectives..but there are numerous instances of nouns..: The sound and light of sweeter songs (Swinburne). 1936W. B. Stanford Gr. Metaphor 59 Synaesthesia..amongst certain schools of poetry became almost a major element in the technique of sense-expression. 1960E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion x. 366 What is called ‘synesthesia’, the splashing over of impressions from one sense modality to another is a fact to which all languages testify. 1977N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Nov. 11/1 No child who has attempted a list like Whitman's or a synesthesia like Rimbaud's or a colloquy with the sun like Frank O'Hara's is likely to forget the parent-poem. 1978Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1406/4 Synaesthesia is a common technique, even a theme, in his work. 1982N. & Q. June 194/2 The ‘inevitable’ complement to the serene synaesthesia of passages like the Hawkshead dedication.
3. Linguistics.
a. The expression of more than one kind of sense-impression in the same word.
b. The transfer of the meaning of a word from one kind of sensory experience to another.
c. The relationship between speech sounds and the sensory experiences that they represent.
1946A. G. Engstrom in Philological Q. XXV. 10 Traces of synaesthesia are as clear in language as in laboratory records... Hornbostel cites a Negro tribe that has a separate word for seeing, but employs a common term for hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching. 1946S. D. Ullmann in Word II. 114 What Wundt and his disciples term ‘complicative change of meaning’ is known to the vast majority of other students as ‘synesthesia’. 1956J. Whatmough Language x. 191 There is some evidence to indicate that synesthesia such as associates the meanings of colour and sound under a single word may extend to smaller linguistic units. 1957S. Potter Mod. Linguistics vii. 154 By synaesthesia or intersensory transfer a word may be given a new sense. 1972Hartmann & Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 229/1 Synaesthesia, the association of a particular sound or group of sounds with a particular meaning, e.g. fl- in flare, flicker, flame, [etc.]. 1977Word 1972 XXVIII. 309 Phonetic symbolism, described as the appropriateness of some phonemes to nonauditory experience, falls under the general heading of synaesthesia or, in psychological terminology, crossmodal association. Ibid., As a result of the clustering, forced-choice testing yields congruent information not only in synesthesia studies but in phonetic symbolism and semantic differential tests as well. |