| 释义 |
effusion|ɛˈfjuːʒən|
Also 4 effuscion, 5–6 effucion.
[ad. (directly or through Fr. effusion, 14th c. in Littré) L. effūsiōn-em, n. of action f. effund-ĕre: see effund.]
1. A pouring out, a spilling (of liquid); † shedding (of tears). effusion of blood: bloodshed, slaughter; also in general sense, the pouring out of blood by a wound, etc. (and see 1 e).
c14..Tundale's Vis., Circumcision 8 Cryst in his man⁓hode Sched his blode by effusyon. c1440Gesta Rom. xl. 164 (Harl. MS.) In holy writte Effucion of bloode is not elles but trespas in synnyng. 1526Tindale Hebr. ix. 22 With out effusion of bloud is no remission. 1595Shakes. John v. ii. 49 This effusion of such manly drops..Startles mine eyes. 1603Holland Plutarch's Morals 1295 The effusions and funerall libaments. 1660Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. i. §4. 76 By breaking bread and effusion of wine. 1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. ii. iii. 19 For the danger of effusion of the holy wine, they in some places chose that expedient. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 162 The effusion of blood..may bring the patient's life into danger. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. i. 9 Every new conquest required a fresh effusion from her veins. 1867Sir J. Herschel Fam. Lect. Sc. 43 The effusion of lava.
concr.1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. i. 30 Thine owne bowels..the meere effusion of thy proper loines. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) VII. xvii. iv. 149 Shed a constant effusion of wine.
¶ Used for affusion.
1687G. Towerson Baptism 54 To baptize by a bare Effusion, or sprinkling of water. 1726Ayliffe Parerg. 103 Baptism..may be performed..by Effusion or Sprinkling.
†b. effusion of spirits (see animal spirits): supposed to be the cause of fainting. Obs.
1651Sir H. Wotton in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 340 III. 255 note, On a sudden effusion of spirits, he sunk under the table. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physic 15 A wound of the brain, and from thence an effusion or troubling of the spirits.
†c. A copious emission of smoke, ‘effluvia’ (see effluvium), etc. Also concr. Obs.
1477Norton Ord. Alch. in Ashm. vii. (1652) 104 Magnetia is Fier of Effusion. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 58 Besides the Magnetical One of the Earth, several Effusions there may be from divers other Bodies. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 766 From about him fierce Effusion rowld Of smoak.
d. Physics. (See quot.)
1850T. Graham Chem. (ed. 2) I. 78 Effusion of gases..by which I express their passage into a vacuum by a small aperture in a thin plate.
e. Pathol. The escape of any fluid out of its natural vessel, and its lodgment elsewhere; ‘the separation of fluid from the vessels in a morbid state of the parts’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 364 The Effusions..of any..Blood upon the Ventricles of the Brain. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 122 The effect of inflammation termed effusion. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xix. 232 The immovability of my limbs was due to dropsical effusion.
2. transf. and fig.
†a. Of persons: Dispersion, rout. Also poet. of things: Confused downfall.
a1400Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) 92 Godes people were put to effuscion. 1725Pope Odyss. xxii. 99 In mix'd effusion roll, Th' untasted viands.
†b. ‘Bounteous donation’ (J.). Obs.
1514Pace in Fiddes Wolsey II. 203 He doithe seke nothynge but favors, and procurithe the same bi effusion off mony. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iv. v. §3 Antigonus sped so well by large effusion of his treasure. 1654Hammond Fundamentals 68 The great force that the gospel..had..upon men's souls, melting them into that liberal effusion of all that they had.
c. A ‘pouring’ forth of any influence or agency; often of the Holy Ghost.
1550Crowley Inform. & Petit. 324 You shall not be forgotten in the effucion of thys plage. 1658Baxter Saving Faith §4. 27 The Promise of Infusion and Effusion [I will pour out my Spirit to you]. 1741tr. Cicero's Nat. Gods i. 28 The World, with an universal Effusion of its [Reason's] Spirit, is God. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 66 The fulfilment of Christ's promise in the effusion of His Spirit.
3. fig. A pouring forth, unrestrained utterance (of words, sounds, etc.); frank and eager expression (of emotions).
1659Hammond On Ps. Pref. 4 It was a new hymne of Christ's effusion. 1778Robertson Hist. Amer. I. ii. 108 The effusion of joy was general. c1812Jane Austen Sense & Sens., An involuntary confidence, an irrepressible effusion to a soothing friend. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 606 William talked to them [Dykvelt and Witsen] with..an effusion of heart, which seldom appeared in his conversations with Englishmen. 1870Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 266 The other's [song]..warmer in effusion of sound.
b. abstr. Effusiveness, enthusiastic demeanour. [So in Fr.]
1878H. S. Wilson Alp. Ascents ii. 61 Talking cheerily, I dine with effusion.
4. concr. Applied to a literary composition, to a speech (formerly also to any work of art), considered as an ‘outpouring’ of the author's feelings, genius, etc. Now often contemptuous.
1779Johnson L.P., Pope Wks. IV. 71 Queen Caroline had declared her intention to visit him [Pope]. This may have been only a careless effusion. c1811Fuseli Lect. Art. v. (1848) 462 The effusions of Lanfranco and Pietro da Cortona. 1826Scott Woodst. i, Here ended this wild effusion. 1839Thirlwall Greece I. 247 The extemporaneous effusions..of a Phemius and a Demodocus. 1873H. Rogers Orig. Bible viii. (1875) 346 That book..was the effusion of one master mind.
Hence eˈffusionist, a writer of ‘effusions’.
1842Fraser's Mag. XXVI. 449 All great novelists..were men of genius and learning. The popular monthly effusionists nowadays are neither. |