| 释义 |
▪ I. syndicate, n.|ˈsɪndɪkət|
Also 7 syn-, sindicat.
[ad. F. syndicat office of syndic, body of syndics, † censure, = Pr. sendegat, It. sindacato rendering of accounts, order, permission, Sp. sindicado syndicate, sindicato office of syndic, ad. med.L. *syndicatus, f. syndicus syndic: see -ate1.]
1. The office, status, or jurisdiction of a syndic.
1656Blount Glossogr. (from Cotgrave), Syndicat, the office or degree of a Syndick. 1689Burnet Tracts I. 10 Being of the little Council leads one to the Sindicat. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Syndic, The Syndicate comes by Turn to sixteen Persons.
2. A council or body of syndics; spec. a university committee appointed for some specific duty (see syndic n. 2); also, a meeting of such a body.
1624Darcie Birth of Heresies To Rdr., The Venetians..haue a supreame Magistracie, which they call a Syndicate, that once in a few yeeres, suruey all the Offices and Dignities in their Common-wealth. 1832tr. Sismondi's Ital. Rep. xi. 246 They were obliged to render an account of their administration before a syndicate charged with an examination of their conduct. 1835in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 115 The Syndicate appointed ‘to consider and report to the Senate, upon..the Library, &c.’..recommend the appointment of a special Syndicate for making enquiries [etc.]. Ibid. 116 A Room for the Vice-Chancellor for holding Syndicates or other uses. 1861Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. App. iii. (1862) 429 The office of the Syndicate [in the Dutch Republic] was to watch over the Constitution established by law.
3. a. A combination of capitalists or financiers entered into for the purpose of prosecuting a scheme requiring large resources of capital, esp. one having the object of obtaining control of the market in a particular commodity. Hence, more widely, a combination of persons formed for the promotion of an enterprise; esp. a combination for the acquisition of articles, etc. and their simultaneous publication in a number of periodicals; also, a combination of newspapers controlled by such a body. In Gambling, an association of people joined in a gambling or betting enterprise; in Gameshooting, a group of sportsmen who share rented shooting rights; also in Angling.
1865Pall Mall G. 26 Oct. 1 The shares of the promoters..are thrown into a common stock, and put at the disposal of a secret committee, called by the harmless and, indeed, rather pretty name of a ‘syndicate’. Our language owes this term, we believe, to certain French financiers. 1876World V. No. 109. 5 Extensive purchases of railroad stocks were made by Syndicates. 1877Giffen Stock Exch. Securities 44 A ‘syndicate’ may be taken as a general alias for any combination of speculators on the Stock Exchange to force prices in one direction or the other. It is oftenest used in the narrower sense of a combination or partnership to introduce and sell a newly-created security to the public. 1880Standard 29 Nov., The conclusion of the contract with a powerful Syndicate for raising {pstlg}8,000,000 to complete the Northern Pacific Railway in three months. 1889Sat. Rev. 16 Mar. 300/1 Such a syndicate of quacks and dupes as those who have lately undertaken to run Mr. Parnell. 1889Public Opinion (U.S.) 16 Feb., What are called newspaper syndicates are rapidly extending their field of action. By the establishment of offices not only in America, but at Paris, Berlin, Vienna,..they are able at one stroke to confer world-wide fame on any author whose work is at their disposal. 1890J. Hatton By Order of Czar (1891) 108 It's like a bear transaction against a strong syndicate. 1891Athenæum 12 Sept. 356/3 The first instalment..will appear next month in a ‘syndicate’ of English and American newspapers. 1934D. Teilhet Talking Sparrow Murders ix. 138 La Roc? He's with von Lindbrulle in a betting syndicate. 1961C. Willock Death in Covert i. 25 The game book for the past three seasons showed an average of 1,200 pheasants, 75 woodcock,..160 hares,..and 30 partridges per season... To hell with any qualms he felt about the members of the syndicate individually. 1964New Statesman 3 Apr. 525/1 The fashion for office syndicates and ‘sweeps’ for charity. 1978Country Life 27 July 272/1 The syndicates that form the basis of many shoots. 1979Angling July 54/1 Catching good fish from strictly private or syndicate waters would prove nothing.
b. spec. (freq. with def. article and capital initial). In the U.S., a network of criminals controlling racketeering and other organized crime; also = Cosa Nostra. Cf. The Mob s.v. mob n.1 5 b.
1929Hostetter & Beesley It's a Racket! i. 4 Beer and alcohol running, bombing, bank robbery, murder for pay, window smashing, and a score of other crimes that can be carried on successfully only by organized groups or ‘syndicates’, are all rackets to the police. 1948E. L. Irey Tax Dodgers xiv. 271 The Syndicate was the remnant of the Al Capone mob. 1952[see organized ppl. a. 4]. 1962J. D. MacDonald Key to Suite (1968) i. 7 The smut-shadow of beard gave him somewhat the look of imported syndicate muscle. 1963,1964[see Cosa Nostra]. 1969Guardian 24 Jan. 7/6 The Syndicate is increasingly entering legitimate business. 1980S. Allan Dead Giveaway iv. 38 The Syndicate had not been slow in learning of his involvement..and using it. 1982Amer. Speech LVII. 244 Some successful criminals escape getting a monicker, for they, especially top-notch con men and syndicate members, think it adds ‘class’ to be without one.
c. Syndicate of Initiative = Syndicat d'Initiative.
1930Kipling Limits & Renewals (1932) 325 A syndicate of Initiative has, indeed, approached me to write on the attractions of the district, as well as on the life of Saint Jubanus.
Senses 3 b, c in Dict. become 3 c, d. Add: [3.] b. Any of a number of sub-groups into which participants on a training course are divided, esp. to tackle a particular assignment. Freq. attrib. orig. Mil.
1926G. W. Gwynn in Publ. Rec. Office Doc. WO 32/4840 The allotment of work in syndicates and in individual work will be based on the confidential classification. 1952Army Q. LXV. 51 A feature of the course in my day [sc. 1930] was the foreign tour, when we went abroad in small syndicates to study some overseas campaign or battle. 1965B. Sweet-Escott Baker St. Irreg. vi. 179 The course ended by our being divided into two syndicates. Each of them..was then told to get into Stodham House without being discovered by the sentries. 1970P. Laurie Scotland Yard ii. 53 They are selected by a three-day civil service board..where candidates, in small syndicate groups, debate current affairs. 1984D. Clark Bouquet Garni i. 28 He was in my syndicate. Led it, in fact... At the [Police] College the instructors rated him as being good at delegation.
▪ II. syndicate, v.|ˈsɪndɪkeɪt|
[In sense 1, f. med.L. syndicāt-, pa. ppl. stem of syndicāre (see syndic v.). In other senses, f. prec.]
†1. trans. To judge, censure. Obs.
1610Donne Pseudo-martyr 154 Not how hee shall iudge quicke and dead at his second coming, but how his Vicar shall inquire, Examine, Syndicate, Sentence, Depose: yea, Murder Princes on earth. 1627Hakewill Apol. iv. ii. §4. 290 Aristotle..vndertooke to censure & syndicate both his Master, and all other Law-makers before him. 1641Marcombes in Lismore Papers Ser. ii. (1888) IV. 203 Those that haue but mediocre [employments] are soe much obserued and Syndicated. 1822E. Nathan Langreath III. 290 Would that I had to syndicate her oppressors!
2. To control, manage, or effect by a syndicate; esp. to publish simultaneously in a number of periodicals (see syndicate n. 3); spec. in Horse-racing, to sell (a horse) to a syndicate.
1882Pall Mall G. 29 Nov. 5/2 Government loans..are all ‘syndicated’—deposited, that is, in the strong boxes of the finance houses interested in their success. 1889Ibid. 20 Feb. 6/2 Mr. W. F. Tillotson..first acclimatized in this country the American system of ‘syndicating’ fiction. 1891‘Max O'Rell’ Frenchm. in Amer. 240 Dr. Talmage syndicates his sermons, and they are published in Monday's newspapers in all quarters of America. 1892Daily News 13 Feb. 7/2 It is probable that the issue is only syndicated. 1973Country Life 6 Dec. 1897/3 American racing seems to have had a prosperous season with..the prices of bloodstock up. Secretariat was syndicated at $190,000 a share. 1979D. Francis Whip Hand xiii. 161 He buys quite good horses... Then he syndicates them.
3. To combine into a syndicate.
1889Pall Mall G. 3 May 2/1 To underwrite,..syndicate, or otherwise provide working capital for bona fide mining companies. 1892[see syndicated below]. 1916Q. Rev. Oct. 539 A mortgage by bonds, which the bank.. will probably share with other banks with whom it is syndicated.
Hence ˈsyndicated ppl. a. (syndicated crime, criminal activities organized by a syndicate (sense 3 b)); ˈsyndicating vbl. n.
a1693Urquhart's Rabelais iii. xxvi. 215 Syndicated cock [orig. syndicqué]. 1886Tinsley's Mag. July 52 There is time-bargain syndicating for those who prefer a modern road to ruin. 1889E. M. Clerke in Dublin Rev. Apr. 367 The conditions of trade in the United States under the syndicated system. 1892Daily News 24 Feb. 4/8 Ouida..has lashed out against agents, syndicates, and the syndicated. 1892Times 14 Oct. 7/2 The proportion of syndicated, or as we should say, of union workmen in France. 1893Athenæum 5 Aug. 193/1 The principles of the syndicating of literary material. 1928[see gramophone v.]. 1959Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Dec. 719/2 Mr. Marquis Childs, the well-known syndicated columnist, formerly of the even better-known St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 8/3 The Roach report..drew a fine distinction between organized crime and syndicated crime. 1972Amer. Speech 1968 XLIII. 211 Van Johnson is quoted in Hedda Hopper's nationally syndicated column. 1974Howard Jrnl. XIV. 108 (Advt.), An exposition of the many problems of organized, syndicated or corporate crime. 1976Liverpool Echo 7 Dec. 17/3 The week gave me new experiences of writing. A syndicated article for the country's local newspapers, a particularly difficult article for a sports journal. 1980TWA Ambassador Oct. 85/1 William R. Allen, professor of economics at UCLA, is known nationally for his syndicated radio commentaries. |