| 释义 |
▪ I. syn-1|sɪn|
Latinized form of Gr. συν- (= σύν prep. with), together, similarly, alike, occurring in many modern scientific terms, the more recent or less important of which are collected in this article.
It undergoes assimilation before consonants, before l to syl-, e.g. syllable, συλλαβή, syllepsis, σύλληψις, before labials to sym- (q.v.), before simple s to sys-, e.g. syssarcosis, συσσάρκωσις; before s + consonant and z it is reduced to sy-, e.g. system, σύστηµα, syzygy, συζυγία. The assimilation of |n| to |ŋ| before velars, denoted by γ in Gr., is not represented graphically in L. and Eng., e.g. συγκοπή syncope.
syˈnacmic a. Bot. [Gr. ἀκµή point, culmination, acme], having the stamens and pistils ripening at the same time; so syˈnacmy, simultaneous ripening of the stamens and pistils of a flower (opp. to heteracmy); synadelphic |-əˈdɛlfɪk| a. Zool. [Gr. ἀδελϕός brother] (see quot.); ‖ syˈnalgia Path. [Gr. ἄλγος pain; cf. συνάλγειν to sympathize], sympathetic pain in one part caused by injury in another; so syˈnalgic a., of the nature of or affected with synalgia (Dorland); ‖ synandrium |sɪˈnændrɪəm|, syˈnandry Bot. [Gr. ἀνδρ-, ἀνήρ man, taken as = ‘male organ, stamen’], abnormal union of stamens; ‖ synanthema |-ænˈθiːmə| Path. (pl. -mata) [mod.L., after exanthema] (see quots.); synanˈthropic a. [anthropic a.], living in habitats made or altered by man; syˈnapomorphy Taxonomy [f. apomorphy, f. apo- + Gr. µορϕή form], the possession by two organisms of some character (not necessarily the same in each) that is derived from one character in an organism from which they both evolved; also = next; so syˈnapomorph, any such derived character; synaposematic |-næpəʊsɪˈmætɪk| a. Biol. [Gr. ἀπό away from, σηµατ-, σῆµα mark], applied to different organisms having common warning colours or other characteristics; hence synaposeˈmaticism, -ˈsematism, synaposematic character; synˈcentric a. rare—0, concentric (Blount Glossogr. 1656); ‖ syncerebrum |-ˈsɛrɪbrəm| Zool. (pl. -a) [L. cerebrum brain], a term for the compound ‘brain’ of an insect; hence synˈcerebral a., pertaining to a syncerebrum; syncladous |ˈsɪnklədəs| a. Bot. [Gr. κλάδος shoot] (see quot.); syncotyledonous |-kɒtɪˈliːdənəs| a. Bot., having the cotyledons united; syncracy |ˈsɪnkrəsɪ| Pol. [-cracy] (see quot.); syncraniate |-ˈkreɪnɪət| a. Zool. [cranium], applied to that type of skull which includes certain vertebral elements, as in the higher vertebrates; syncryptic |-ˈkrɪptɪk| a. Biol. [cryptic], applied to the resemblance between different organisms (esp. insects) having common protective coloration by which they are concealed from attack; syncyaˈnosis Bot. (pl. -ˈoses) [ad. G. syncyanose (A. Pascher 1914, in Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. XXXII. 340)], the relationship between a unicellular blue-green alga and a host within which it lives symbiotically; also concr., the organisms themselves; syndiagˈnostic a. Biol. [diagnostic] (see quot.); syˈnechthran Ent., an insect that lives with ants or other social insects as an unwelcome guest in a relationship of synechthry; synechthry |-ˈnɛkθrɪ|, erron. -ecthry, Entom. [ad. G. synechthrie (M. E. Wasmann 1896, in 3ème Congr. Internat. Zool. 412), f. Gr. ἔχθρος hostile], term proposed by Wasmann for the hostile relation between ants and certain other insects which maintain themselves in the ant-colonies as unwelcome guests; hostile commensalism (opp. to symphily); ‖ synema |sɪˈniːmə| Bot. [mod.L., erron. for *synnema, f. Gr. νῆµα thread, filament], a column of united stamen-filaments, as in Orchids, Malvaceæ, etc.; synencephalocele |-ɛnˈsɛfələsiːl| Path. (see quot.); synepigonic |-ɛpɪˈgɒnɪk| a. Biol. [Gr. ἐπίγονος descendant], descended from a common ancestor or ancestors; synethnic |-ˈɛθnɪk| a. [Gr. ἔθνος nation], belonging to the same nation; ˈsynform Geol., a fold that is concave upwards, irrespective of the chronological sequence of the strata; cf. syncline; synharˈmonic Math., a. having a common harmonic relation; n. a locus synharmonic with another (also synharˈmonical): see quots.; ‖ synkaryon |-ˈkærɪɒn| Biol. (pl. -a) [Gr. κάρυον nut, taken as = nucleus], a pair of nuclei, or a nucleus produced by the fusion of two nuclei, as in fertilization, esp. in certain fungi; hence synkaryophyte |-ˈkærɪəfaɪt| [Gr. ϕυτόν plant], that stage in the development of a fungus at which synkarya are formed; synkineˈmatic a. Geol., formed or occurring when moving or as an accompaniment to motion; ‖ synkinesis |-kaɪˈniːsɪs| Physiol. [Gr. κίνησις movement], associated movement, esp. reflex muscular movement; so synkinetic |-kaɪˈnɛtɪk| a. [kinetic], pertaining to or of the nature of synkinesis; synˈneusis Petrol. [Gr. νεῦσις swimming], the clustering together of crystals of a mineral in a rock; freq. attrib. in synneusis texture; synnomic |-ˈnɒmɪk| a. Anthropol. [Gr. νόµος custom, law] (see quot.); syˈnocreate (erron. -och-) a. Bot., applied to stipules which unite into a sheath inclosing the stem (Balfour Man. Bot., 1849, §160); synœkete |sɪˈniːkiːt| Ent. [ad. Gr. συνοικέτης house-fellow, f. συνοικεῖν to live together (f. οἶκος house): cf. G. synœkie (M. E. Wasmann 1896, in 3ème Congr. Internat. Zool. 412)], an insect that lives with ants or other social insects without either benefiting or harming them; synorchism |-ˈɔːkɪz(ə)m| [Gr. ὄρχις testicle], union or fusion of the testicles; synoroˈgenic a. Geol. [cf. G. synorogenese n. (H. Stille Grundfragen d. vergleichenden Tektonik (1924) 16)], formed or occurring during a period of orogenesis; synorthoˈgraphic a., having the same orthography, spelt alike; synotic |sɪˈnɒtɪk| a. [Gr. ὠτ-, οὖς ear], characterized by union or fusion of the ears in the middle line of the head; synˈpelmous, synˈpetalous adjs., bad forms of sympelmous, -petalous (see sym-); synˈpresbyter, bad form of sympresbyter (see sym-); ‖ synsacrum |-ˈseɪkrəm| Anat. [mod.L., f. sacrum], the composite sacrum, consisting of a number of vertebræ united, in birds and some extinct reptiles; hence synˈsacral a., pertaining to the synsacrum; ˌsynsediˈmentary a. Geol., formed or occurring at the time of deposition of (the) sediment; synsepalous |-ˈsɛpələs| a. Bot., having the sepals united, gamosepalous; synspermy |-ˈspɜːmɪ| Bot. [Gr. σπέρµα seed], abnormal fusion of two or more seeds; so synˈspermous a., characterized by synspermy; syntechnic |-ˈtɛknɪk| a. Biol. [Gr. τέχνη art, craft], applied to a resemblance between organisms arising from similarity of function; ˌsyntecˈtonic a. Geol., formed or occurring during a period of tectonic activity; hence syntecˈtonically adv.; syntelic |-ˈtɛlɪk| a. Anthropol. [Gr. τέλος end] (see quot. for synnomic); ˈsynteny Genetics [Gr. ταινία band, ribbon], the condition (of genes) of being on the same chromosome; hence synˈtenic a.; syntepalous |-ˈtɛpələs| a. Bot. [see tepal], having the tepals united; synthermal |-ˈθɜːməl| [Gr. θερµός heat], a. having the same temperature; n. an isotherm connecting places having the same temperature at the same moment of time; syntoxoid |-ˈtɒksɔɪd|, a toxoid having the same degree of affinity for the antitoxin as the toxin from which it is derived.
1870A. W. Bennett in Jrnl. Bot. Oct. 316 In *synacmic plants..the period of maturity of one organ may frequently exceed in length that of the other, so as to render cross-fertilization easy. 1883Science I. 432/2 In no small number of instances..the plant is strongly protogynous, while it is sometimes synacmic.
1870A. W. Bennett in Jrnl. Bot. Oct. 318 *Synacmy, or the contemporaneous maturing of the reproductive organs, is nearly as frequent as protandry.
1887Harrison Allen in Science 11 Mar. 232/2 The action of both wings and feet, since both pairs act together, is what I propose to call *synadelphic.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Synalgia, associated or sympathetic pain.
1897Willis Flowering Plants I. 76 Sometimes the union is so complete as to include the anthers, and a *synandrium is formed.
1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Synandry, Morren's term where stamens normally separated are soldered or united.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 461 The elemental forms present he [sc. Auspitz] designated as anthemata and the various secondary and later groupings which go to make up the whole exanthem as *synanthemata. 1901Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2), Synanthema.., a local eruption consisting of a group of papules.
1936Discovery Mar. 89/2 There can be no question of post-glacial colonisation of Iceland by other than *synanthropic insects. 1971Countryman Summer 187/1 This is probably a yellow slug, Limax flavus, a synanthropic species, which lives in and around houses, cellars and old garden walls.
1969E. Mayr Princ. Systematic Zool. x. 202 Derived characters (*synapomorphs of Hennig) shared with a more recent ancestor.
1966Davis & Zangerl tr. Hennig's Phylogenetic Systematics ii. 90 It makes no difference whether the *synapomorphy consists in the fact that an apomorphous character (a′) is present identically in all species..or whether it is present in different derived conditions (a′ and a{pp}). 1979Nature 18 Jan. 176/1 This inference is drawn from the fact that lungfish and cows share derived characters (synapomorphies such as internal nostrils, an epiglottis, a two-chambered auricle and so on..) not found in salmon.
1898Poulton Ess. Evolution (1908) 223 Müllerian Resemblance is not true Mimicry at all, but rather an example of Common Warning Colour,..the term *Synaposematic was proposed as descriptive of it.
1907Nature 31 Oct. 676/2 As a further illustration of..‘*synaposematism’, or the adoption of a common warning badge on the part of distasteful forms, we may take the wonderfully diverse assemblage that centres round the conspicuous and distasteful beetles belonging to the genus Lycus.
1881E. R. Lankester Stud. Apus, etc. 32 We distinguish the original ganglion pair of the præstomial region as the archi-cerebrum—it is well to designate by a distinct term the composite ganglion, which may result from the fusion with it of other ganglia—it may be called a *syncerebrum.
1863M. J. Berkeley Brit. Mosses Gloss. 313 *Syncladous, used when branchlets grow in tufts from the same point.
1898Syd. Soc. Lex., *Syncotyledonous, having its cotyledons joined together.
1861Austin Jurispr. (ed. 2) Note 331 *Syncracy: wherein the executive powers reside in the sovereign one or number; but the legislative powers, in the sovereign one or number, with the active (as distinguished from the passive) portion of the subject citizens.
1902G. B. Howes in Smithsonian Rep. (1903) 591, I have..proposed to discriminate between the series of terrestrial vertebrates as archæcraniate and *syncraniate... The costal sternum, like the syncraniate skull, is distinctive of the Amniota alone.
1901Trans. Entomol. Soc. 375 Mr. Beddard quotes this..as one of his cases of apparently useless mimicry, but it may be an example of *syncryptic resemblance.
1945F. E. Fritsch Structure & Reproduction of Algae II. 878 A different relation is seen in the association of certain Myxophyceae of small dimensions with Monads or Bacteria (*syncyanoses of Pascher). 1967Jrnl. Phycol. III. 37/2 Cyanophora is one of the few forms among the syncyanoses thus far found which has been thoroughly studied. 1978Bio Systems X. 74/2 Lee suggested that members of the group originated from the union of a non-photosynthetic cryptomonad stock with cyanobacteria, resulting in an early ‘syncyanosis’ similar to that seen in Cyanophora paradoxa today.
1904Poulton Ess. Evolution (1908) 60 Forms having certain structural characters in common distinguishing them from the forms of other groups. Groups thus defined by the Linnaean method of Diagnosis may be conveniently called *Syndiagnostic.
1910W. M. Wheeler Ants xxi. 382 In the United States Megastilicus formicarius.., which is not uncommon in the large mound nests of Formica exsectoides, is..a typical *synechthran. 1967J. H. Sudd Introd. Behaviour Ants vi. 127 Synechthrans are always treated with hostility by the ants and usually they, in turn, prey on the ants.
1899D. Sharp in Cambridge Nat. Hist. VI. 183 ‘*Synecthry’, including those Insects, etc., to which the ants are hostile, but which nevertheless maintain themselves in the midst of their foes.
1859Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms, *Synema, the portion of the Gynostemium corresponding to the position of the combined filaments.
1886Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 680/2 Encephaloceles arising from abnormal adhesions, or what is technically known as *synencephalocele.
1904Poulton Ess. Evolution (1908) 61 Forms which have been shown..to be descended from common ancestors or from a common parthenogenetic or self-fertilizing ancestor. Such groups may be called *Synepigonic.
1879Times 12 Mar. 4/1 [Dr. Lasker] is, like his *synethnic co-reformer Paul, a man of no great presence.
1937Bailey & McCallien in Trans. R. Soc. Edin. LIX. 81 In the following pages: Antiform means a fold that closes upwards. *Synform means a fold that closes downwards. 1978Nature 12 Oct. 539/1 Preserved in a large secondary synform, there occurs a sequence, several hundred metres thick, consisting of ribbon cherts, bedded jasperites, [etc.].
1850T. P. Kirkman in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. V. 102 A..curve..which..touches the n harmonicals (H), *synharmonic with A in respect of the n pairs (ue ve). Ibid. 104 Curves..which touch alike the three harmonicals..and meet each its synharmonic..at the six angles of the hexagon.
Ibid. 97 The tangents at the intersection of p = 0 and q = 0 form with them an harmonic pencil... Let this be denoted by saying that the two branches of [the curve] R = 0 are *synharmonicals in respect of [the straight lines] p = 0 and q = 0.
1904Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Apr. 222 L. Petri..finds the two nuclei (the *synkarion) present in the hyphæ of the trama, as described for other hymenomycetes. 1905Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Feb. 442 The male and female nuclei closely combine, forming the synkaryon.
1904Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Feb. 94 That phase in the life-history, the *synkaryophyte, which plays so important a part in the development in the Basidiomycetes.
1932Mineral. und Petrogr. Mitt. XLII. 475 The older Archaean granites of Fennoscandia..belong to characteristically *synkinematic intrusive complexes from an early stage of an orogenic cycle. 1952T. F. W. Barth Theoret. Petrol. iii. 243 Synkinematic granitization is probably responsible for the majority of the large granodiorite and granite batholiths. 1973J. T. Renouf tr. Didier's Granites & their Enclaves 7 The orogenic granites are classically divided into synkinematic (= synorogenic or syntectonic) and post-tectonic types.
1881J. Ross Treat. Dis. Nervous Syst. i. v. I. 162 *Synkinesis. Under this term are generally included certain involuntary movements of paralysed parts; but I shall extend the meaning of the word so as to include also certain motor anomalies which occur in muscles subject to spasm. 1883Arthur Fernley Lect. 160 Carpo⁓genethlic synkinesis of the sexes with other phenomena of the botanic hierarchy.
1901Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2), *Synkinetic, pertaining to or of the nature of synkinesis.
1921J. H. L. Vogt in Jrnl. Geol. XXIX. 321 The individuals of a mineral, segregated from a magma at an early stage, frequently swam together to assemblings or aggregates, the result of which is a structure, for which I propose the term together-swimming structure or *synneusis structure. 1959W. W. Moorhouse Study of Rocks in Thin Section xi. 241 Probably related to the banded character of the basic complexes is a texture, sometimes called ‘synneusis’ texture, in which the dark minerals..tend to occur as lenticular clumps or aggregates. 1967Amer. Mineralogist LII. 529 The preferential character of synneusis for several common individual minerals and mineral pairs. 1973J. T. Renouf tr. Didier's Granites & their Enclaves xiv. 368 When two rocks contain the same volumetric percentage of phenocrysts, synneusis is greatest in that with the smaller crystals and thus with the greatest number.
1911Marett Anthropol. ix. 236 Let us assume, then, that there are two main stages in the historical evolution of society... I propose to term them the *synnomic and the syntelic phases of society. ‘Synnomic’ (from the Greek nomos, custom) means that customs are shared. ‘Syntelic’ (from the Greek telos, end) means that ends are shared. The synnomic phase is, from the psychological point of view, a kingdom of habit; the syntelic phase is a kingdom of reflection.
1910W. M. Wheeler Ants xxi. 381 The symphiles represent the élite,..and number hardly more than 300 to 400 species, whereas the *synœketes are much more numerous. 1971E. O. Wilson Insect Societies (1972) xx. 390/2 Most of the time..the Cremastocheilus have the status of synoeketes, that is, they are simply ignored and allowed to wander through the nest without interference.
1898Syd. Soc. Lex., *Synorchism.
1936Bull Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XX. 853 *Synorogenic movements dating from this time are to be recognized everywhere in this continent. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xx. 292/1 The synorogenic sediments that accompany mountain building. 1974Nature 4 Oct. 382/2 In Africa the Kibaran belt experienced major tectonism about 1,300 Myr bp..with the subparallel Irumide belt undergoing synorogenic events about 1,100 Myr ago.
1786Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. cxliii, *Synorthographic and Symphonious Words.
1894W. Bateson Study of Variation xviii. 458 The ears of vertebrates..in the *synotic or cephalotic condition are compounded in the middle line to a varying degree.
1903Proc. Zool. Soc. 17 Mar. 282 The pelvis of the Musophagi.., its breadth is due..to the great length of the *synsacral transverse processes.
Ibid. 273 The most complete *synsacrum is that of Coua, and is made up as follows:—1 thoracic, 3 lumbar, 3 lumbo-sacral, 2 sacral, and 4 caudal [vertebræ].
1960Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst.) (ed. 2) Suppl. 65/1 *Synsedimentary. 1976Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXXXII. 124 In sheet III the lower contact is a sharp, curved slide plane with occasional synsedimentary striations. 1979Nature 9 Aug. 483/2 This sealing apparently results from a synsedimentary per⁓mineralisation caused by colloidal silica.
1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. p. xxii, Cal[yx] *synsepalous, coloured. Primuleæ.
1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Synspermous.
1869M. T. Masters Veget. Teratol. 50 *Synspermy, or Union of the Seeds.
1902Poulton in Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 147/1 Resemblances..incidentally caused by functional adaptation, such as the mole-like forms produced in the burrowing Insectivora [etc.]... Such likeness may be called *Syntechnic Resemblance.
1942M. P. Billings Structural Geol. xv. 297 *Syntectonic intrusives are always forcefully injected bodies, because the magma was moving under the influence of orogenic pressures. 1974Nature 22 Mar. 325/2 In coastal Liberia the geological evidence of actual faulting that could definitely be said to be syntectonic with rifting is lacking.
1956L. U. de Sitter Structural Geol. xxvi. 392 The *syntectonically metamorphosed mica-schists and migmatites. 1979Nature 25 Jan. 290/1 A phase of upright asymmetric folding..with the steep limbs overturned to the north-west took place syntectonically with major brittle thrusting..of all units.
1911Marett Anthropol. ix. 236 *Syntelic [see synnomic]. Ibid. 237 That independence of character which is the prime condition of syntelic society.
1971J. H. Renwick in Ann. Human Genetics XXXV. 80 If the inversion and a marker locus studied in the pedigree are *syntenic (lying on the same chromosome pair), the marker may be on either side of either breakpoint and the linkage..to one of them may be close and may have a good chance of being detected. 1978Nature 13 July 161/1 Five genes in the mouse..are syntenic and their human homologues have been assigned to human chromosome 1.
1971J. H. Renwick in Ann. Human Genetics XXXV. 83 The prior probability of the hypothesis of *synteny—i.e. that the autosomal marker locus is somewhere on the chromosome pair that bears the inversion—is A/T. 1974Sci. Amer. July 39/1 Assaying a number of clones for various human enzymes therefore provides information on the synteny of genes.
1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Syntepalous, the tepals united.
1839G. Roberts Dict. Geol., *Synthermal.., having the same degree of heat. Applied to the exterior and interior of the earth, which..are not synthermal, but differ greatly in temperature.
1901Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2), *Syntoxoid. 1903[see toxoid].
2. Chem. Designating geometrical isomers of organic compounds containing C{b2}N or N{b2}N in which the principal atoms or groups attached to the doubly bonded atoms are on the same side of the plane of the double bond; usu. italicized. Also without hyphen as an independent word. [Introduced in Ger. by A. Hantzsch 1894, in Ber. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXVII. 1702.]
1894Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVI. i. 454 Such diazo-compounds as exist in the form of rings, due to the formation of inner anhydrides..must be syn-compounds. 1913T. H. Pope tr. Molinari's Treat. Gen. & Industr. Org. Chem. 568 It forms a mixture of phenyldiazonium hydroxide..and syn-diazobenzene hydroxide. 1938R. L. Shriner et al. in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. iii. 385 The amine oxide structure does not aid in accounting for the syn and anti forms of these oximes, but is necessary to account for the tautomerism of these isomers. 1978Nature 9 Feb. 494/2 The intense sweetness of the a-syn⁓oxime of perillartine was first reported in 1920.
Add:[1.] synˈdiploidy Genetics [cf. G. syndiploide adj. (E. Strasburger 1907, in Jahrb. f. Wissensch. Bot. XLIV. 489)], doubling of the gametic chromosome number by fusion of daughter cell nuclei.
1932C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. Cytol. iii. 63 The chief occasion of polyploidy in plants and in many animals is the reunion, after separation, of nuclei in the male germinal cells at the last divisions before meiosis. This is known as *syndiploidy. 1980Cytologia XLV. 378 The evolutionary significance of syndiploidy lies in the production of diploid gametes, which ultimately produce polyploid.
▪ II. syn-2|sɪn|
Comb. form of synthetic a., used to form words denoting synthetic products, as ˈsyncrude, a synthetic product made from coal in imitation of crude oil; also as adj.; ˈsynfuel, any fuel made from coal, oil shale, or the like as a substitute for a petroleum product; ˈsyngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, esp. when produced from coal; ˈsynjet, jet fuel derived from synthetic crude oil (syncrude); ˈsynoil, synthetic oil; ˈsynroc [rock n.1], any of various synthetic crystalline materials composed chiefly of oxides of metals and semimetals and devised as sufficiently stable to contain radioactive waste in solid solution deep underground.
1971Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) Suppl. 189 Both oils are subsequently hydrotreated to produce a syncrude oil. 1976Times 9 Dec. 27 Looking at the alternative power sources for private transport, the survey reckons that the most likely ones are a synthetic liquid fuel (such as methanol or syncrude) derived from coal, or electricity stored in batteries. 1980McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 303/2 Salable by-products of ammonia, sulfur, and phenols are produced by several of the SNG and syncrude processes.
1976Dallas Morning News 22 Sept. 2–d/3 Whatever has happened to all the synthetic fuel we were supposed to get to ease the oil and gas shortage? Now, three years later, we've still done very little towards the development of ‘synfuels’. 1980Science 16 May 740 Certain processes for developing some U.S. oil shales may generate more CO2 per unit of usable energy produced than any other synfuel development. 1982Sunday Times 9 May 54/6 Multi-billion investment—the basic fee to gain entry to the synfuels game—cannot be justified.
1975N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 20/2 Much of the Western coal has been planned for conversion at the mine to synthetic pipeline gas... The ‘syn-gas’ is to replace natural gas from wells, the fuel that is expected to be in the most critical depletion by 1985. 1980Prospects for Petrochemicals in W. Europe (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 8 By the middle of next century it is possible that the petrochemical industry could even be sustained very largely, if not entirely, on syngas and methanol derived from coal and methane. 1983New Scientist 28 Apr. 207/2 Syn-gas is also made from natural gas..by the related reaction CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2.
1979Ibid. 7 June 818 In the long term, the choice must be between jet fuel derived from synthetic crude (synjet) or a wholly new type of fuel. 1980Times 21 Feb. 20/4 The quick and easy solution, which is ‘synjet’—kerosene made from coal, shale or tarsands.
1976Time 1 Mar. 47 So far several plants have been..designed to turn 2,700 tons of high-sulfur Illinois coal into 22 million cu. ft. of ‘syngas’ and 3,000 bbl. of ‘synoil’ each day. 1978Nature 3 Aug. 413/1 Whereas glassified waste may devitrify when exposed to ground water at high temperature and pressure, thus exposing a large surface area for the dissolution of the radionuclides in the glass, the new mineral—‘synroc’—should be as stable as a natural rock. 1980New Scientist 3 July 9/2 In the Synroc process the radioactive wastes are trapped in the crystal lattices of the minerals of the synthetic rocks and so are completely immobilised. 1982Nature 9 Dec. 470/3 The plant..will make Synroc-C, which consists of 60 per cent titanium dioxide, with an admixture of barium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconia and alumina. |