| 释义 |
eaves|iːvz|
Forms: 1 efes, 3–5 eouesen (pl.), ouese, -ise, 4 euez, euese, 4–8 eves(e, (4 hevese), (6 ease, 6 pl. esen), 7 eaues, (eeves, heaves), dial. eize, 7– eaves.
[OE. efes, fem. = OFris. ose, Flem. (Kilian) oose, OHG. obasa (MHG. obse, mod. dial.G. obsen) eaves, porch (:—WGer. *obis(w)a, *obas(w)a) = ON. ups (Sw. dial. uffs), Goth. ubizwa porch; prob. f. same root as over. The final -s has been mistaken for the sign of the pl., and in mod. Eng. the word is commonly treated as pl., eave being occas. used as the sing. The forms ME. ovese, WSomerset office (Elworthy), point to an OE. form *ofes:—WGer. *obas(w)a.]
1. a. The edge of the roof of a building, or of the thatch of a stack, which overhangs the side.
a1000Lamb. Psalter ci[i]. 7 (Bosw.) Geworden ic eom swa swa spearwa..anwuniende on efese. c1205Lay. 29279, I þan eouesen he [þa sparwen] grupen. c1220Bestiary 462 Ðe spinnere..festeð atte hus rof hire fodredes o rof er on ouese. c1440Promp. Parv. 144 Evese, or evesynge of a house, stillicidium. c1500Partenay 5504 Allso thys chambre well depeynted was Ffro foote of wallure the ouise vnto. 1570Levins Manip. 211 Y⊇ ease or eues of a house. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 91 The Swallow which in the summer creepeth under the eues of euery house. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 17 His teares runs downe his beard like winters drops From eaues of reeds. 1611Coryat Crudities 323 The pentices or eauisses of their houses. 1629S'hertogenbosh 48 It..ruined some houses; of some the heaues and tops were damnified very much. 1632Milton Penseroso 130 Ushered with a shower still..With minute-drops from off the eaves. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess. (1669) 104 The Birds under the Eeves of his Window call him up in the morning. 1751W. Halfpenny New Designs Farm Ho. 5 Thence to the Eves of the Roofs one Brick and half. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 161 The best form of corn stacks is circular, with..a conical top, diverging a little towards the eaves. 1819Shelley Ros. & Helen 367 Like twinkling rain-drops from the eaves. 1849Freeman Archit. 178 The eaves..rest commonly on small arcades or corbel-tables.
fig.1675Crowne City Polit. ii. i, I hang on the eves of life, like a trembling drop, ready every minute to fall.
†b. Of a wood: The edge, margin. Obs.
898O.E. Chron. an. 894 Þa foron hie..bi swa hwaþerre efes swa hit þonne fierdleas wæs. c1325Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 159 Desouz l'overayl, under the wode-side wode-hevese. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1178 Þus laykez þis lorde by lynde wodez euez.
2. transf. Anything that projects or overhangs slightly, as † the brow of a hill, † the flaps of a saddle, the edge of a cloud or precipice, the brim of a hat; also poet. the eyelids.
1382Wyclif Job xi. 5 Anne forsothe sat beside the weye eche dai in the euese [1388 cop; Vulg. supercilio] of the hil. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 412 He got up to the saddle eaves, From whence he vaulted into th' seat. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxvi, Closing eaves of wearied eyes I sleep. 1855Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xi. §511 The southern eaves of the cloud plane. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 21 Overhanging eaves of snow. 1862Borrow Wales I. 4 A leather hat..with the side eaves turned up.
3. attrib. and Comb. as eave(s)-shoot, eaves-spout, eaves-trough (designating various forms of gutter or spout to catch the drip from eaves); also eaves-troughing; eaves-board (also eave-board; see eave), eaves-catch, -lath (see quot. 1875); † eaves-knife, a knife for cutting thatch at the eaves; eaves-martin, the House Martin (Hirundo urbica). Also eaves-drop n. and v., -dropper, -dropping.
1399Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 131 Tabulas quæ vocantur *Esborde.
c1505Church-w. Acc. St. Dunstan's Canterb., For xlv fote of *evys borde xvd. 1627MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp. Canterb., To the Sawyers for cutting of evesboord. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 88 The eave-boards project..16 inches.
1875Gwilt Archit., Arris fillet. When..used to raise the slates, at the eaves of a building, it is then called the eaves' board, eaves' lath, or *eaves' catch.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 139 A thatchers tooles are..an *eize-knife for cutting the eize.
1422–3Archives Christ Ch. Canterb. in Archæol. Cantiana XIII. 561 Item payd for Caryyng of the Schretherris *Evys-lathe, lathe, and tyle..iiis. iiijd.
1833J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 307 The *eaves-martin very plentiful.
1889‘Herring’ & ‘Ross’ Irish Cousin II. iii. iv. 207 The noisy splashing of the water that fell from a broken *eaveshoot on to the gravel. 1899Somerville & ‘Ross’ Exper. Irish R.M. i, The rain sluiced upon me from a broken eaveshoot.
1846in N. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) 270 Put up smart of the *eve spout. 1865Mrs. Stowe House & Home P. 103 The water-barrel which stood under the eaves-spout. 1889R. T. Cooke Steadfast xxxv. 369 A wild November storm shrieked and wailed in the eave-spout.
1851H. Melville Moby Dick III. xxxv. 211 Same with cocked hats; the cocks form gable-end *eave-troughs. 1878B. F. Taylor Between Gates 176 Every day a wooden spout, a great eaves-trough was laid from the top of the steps. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 53/3 (Advt.), Roofing & Eavestroughing. Chimney, eavestrough, roof repairs, free estimates, guaranteed. |