| 释义 |
addiction|əˈdɪkʃən|
[ad. L. addictiōn-em, n. of action f. addīc-ĕre; see addict.]
1. Rom. Law. A formal giving over or delivery by sentence of court. Hence, A surrender, or dedication, of any one to a master.
1625T. Godwin Rom. Antiq. 170 The forme of Addiction was thus..the party which preuailed, laid his hand on the thing or the person against which sentence was pronounced vsing this forme of words, Hunc ego hominem siue hanc rem ex iure Quiritium meam esse dico. 1735Bp. Patrick On Exodus xx. 6 Look upon it only as a solemn Addiction of him to his Master's Service. 1751Chambers Cycl., Adjudication is more particularly used for the addiction, or consigning a thing sold by auction, or the like, to the highest bidder. 1880Muirhead Gaius iii. §189 Whether this addiction made him a slave..was a point of controversy with the old lawyers.
2. a. The state of being (self-)addicted or given to a habit or pursuit; devotion.
1641Vind. Smectym. ii. 43 The peoples..more willing addiction to hearing. 1675E. Phillips in Shaks. Cent. Praise 360 His own proper Industry and Addiction to Books. 1789T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 585 Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent. 1858Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 237 Their addiction to agricultural pursuits. 1859Mill Liberty 146 A man who causes grief to his family by addiction to bad habits.
b. The, or a, state of being addicted to a drug (see addicted ppl. a. 3 b); a compulsion and need to continue taking a drug as a result of taking it in the past. Cf. drug-addiction s.v. drug n.1 1 b.
[1779Johnson L.P., Philips Wks. II. 291 His addiction to tobacco is mentioned by one of his biographers.] 1906Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 3 Mar. 643/2 It matters little whether one speaks of the opium habit, the opium disease or the opium addiction. 1951A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iv. 97 Addiction refers to that condition induced by a drug which necessitates the continuation of the drug and without which physical and mental derangements result. 1960P. Goodman Growing up Absurd ix. 180 In taking drugs for the new experience, they largely steer clear of being hooked by an addiction. 1965New Statesman 3 Dec. 868/1 Addiction units tend not to be aware of the addict's tremendous need for moral support when the drug is taken from him. 1975Nature 18 Sept. 188/2 Most people consider opiate addiction to comprise three major elements: tolerance, physical dependence, and compulsive craving.
†3. The way in which one is addicted; inclination, bent, leaning, penchant. Also in pl. Obs.
1604Shakes. Oth. ii. ii. 6 Each man to what sport and revels his addiction leads him. 1634Peacham Compl. Gentlem. iv. 34/2 For every man to search into the addiction of his Genius, and not to wrest nature. 1675in Phil. Trans. X. 255 The genius, faculties, addictions, and humors of men of all ages. |