| 释义 |
▪ I. Swede, n.|swiːd|
Also 7 Sweath, Swead, Suede, Sweed.
[a. MLG., MDu. Swede (mod. Zweed), = HG. Schwede native of Sweden, q.v.
The OE. name was Swéon (pl.), in ON. Svíar (Sw. Svear), whence L. Suiones (see Suiogothic), med.L. Swei; also OE. Swéoþéod (Swáþéod in the Peterborough Chron. an. 1025), ON. Svíþjóð (= lit. Swede-people), whence, it has been conjectured, arose the forms from which Swede and Sweden are derived.
The med.L. forms for the name of the country are Suecia (whence It. Svezia, Sp., Pg. Svecia), Suedia, and Sueonia; for the adj. of nationality Suecus (whence Sp., Pg. Sueco), Suecicus, and Suedus.]
I.
1. A native of Sweden.
In quot. 1614 incorrectly tr. L. Suevi Swabians; May's version (1627) has Sueuians.
1614Gorges Lucan ii. 45 Let red-haird Sweaths powre showrs of darts. 1644(title) Good news for England; or a relation of more victories obtained by the Sweads against the king of Denmarke. c1655Milton 1st Sonn. to C. Skinner 8 And what the Swede intend, and what the French. 1663Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 486 Mr. Thomas Baltzar, the Sweed, and great violinest. 1698G. Thomas Pensilvania 51 The way of Worship the Sweeds use in this Countrey, is the Lutheran. a1700Evelyn Diary 1 Oct. 1661, At the reception of the Sweeds Ambassador. 1734Pope Ess. Man iv. 220 Heroes are much the same,..From Macedonia's mad⁓man to the Swede. 1831Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 209 Both the Danes and Swedes endeavour to follow the example of their wealthier neighbours, in keeping up a splendid court. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. II. xxiv. 124 The Swedes and Finns and Dutch were invested with the liberties of English⁓men.
2. A Swedish ship. rare—1.
1799R. Smelt in B. Ward Dawn Cath. Revival (1909) II. 219 Mr. Wyndham with other ministers chartered a large Swede of 600 tons.
II. (Now with lower-case initial.)
3. (= earlier Swedish turnip.) A large variety of turnip with yellow flesh, Brassica campestris, var. Rutabaga, first introduced into Scotland from Sweden in 1781–2.
1812Sir J. Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. i. 112 With turnips, particularly the Swedes, there is no occasion to give any corn to oxen. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 17 If weight of crop, nutritious property, and durability of texture are valuable properties in a turnip, none can exceed the Swedes. 1882Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IX. No. 3. 550 Wood⁓pigeons..stripped the leaves off most of the Swedes.
4. attrib. and Comb. in sense 3, as swede-field, Swede-hacking, Swede-trimming, Swede turnip; swede-basher slang, a farm worker; hence, a rustic (cf. bashing vbl. n. 3); so swede-bashing a.; swede greens, swede tops, the tops of swedes eaten as greens.
1851‘Cecil’ Stud Farm vi. 98 Swede turnips or parsnips are far superior [to carrots]. 1887Jefferies Amaryllis iii, If you can get fresh swede tops you don't want a doctor within twenty miles. Ibid., Swede greens be the top of all physic. 1891Hardy Tess xliii, The swede-field in which she and her companion were set hacking. Ibid., When it was not swede-hacking it was swede-trimming. 1936J. Curtis Gilt Kid iv. 40, I know you're not a swede-bashing judy. 1943Hunt & Pringle Service Slang 63 Swede-basher, agricultural worker; country bumpkin. 1948A. Baron From City, from Plough 84 There's a lot o' these swedebashers go down the farms every night. 1966New Statesman 18 Mar. 363/1 Sir Gerald Nabarro is said to have remarked on TV that the fate of the nation depended on a few swede-bashers. 1976J. Grenfell Joyce Grenfell requests Pleasure (1977) xiii. 190, I tried to sing a song appropriate for the swede-bashers from Lincolnshire, the Cockneys, Scots.., and so on.
▪ II. Swede, a. Chiefly Canad.|swiːd|
[f. the n.]
= Swedish a.; spec. in Swede saw, a type of saw having a bow-like tubular frame and a sharp blade with many cutting teeth.
1934G. Bettany Valley of Lost Gold 29 I've been to the Swede settlement west of the hills. 1950J. Hambleton Abitibi Adventure 120 It looked just like any other ‘Swede saw’, with its tubular metal frame, painted blue, and a thin, keen blade which was kept taut by a clamp. 1971D. C. Brown Yukon Trophy Trails ii. 39 Louis packed the axe and the Swede saw, and I carried the gun and lunch. 1981Nordic Skiing Jan. 30/2 Lee saws firewood with the Swede saw and I get the honor of splitting it into burning size. |