| 释义 |
swanimote, swainmote Obs. exc. Hist.|ˈswɒnɪməʊt|, |ˈsweɪnməʊt|
Forms: 2–4 swanimot, 3 suanimot, swaynimot, -emot, 3–4 swanemot, 4 swanymot, swanmot, pl. swanesmotes, 5 swanemoode, 6 swanymote, swynemote, 6–7 swannimote, 7 swanimoote, swannamott, swaynemote, swainemote; Hist. 6–9 swanimote, 7 swainmot, 7–9 swainmote, 8 swainimote, sweinmote, 9 swaynmote, swynmote.
[repr. OE. *swánᵹemót (whence Anglo-L. suanimotum), lit. meeting of swineherds, f. swán swineherd, swon + ᵹemót moot n.1: the first syllable has been assimilated to swain n.]
A forest assembly held three times a year in accordance with the Forest Charter of 1217, probably orig. ‘to enable the forest officers to superintend the depasturing of pigs in the king's woods in the autumn and the clearance of the forest of cattle and sheep while the deer were fawning in the summer’; later, applied vaguely or generically to courts of attachment, inquisitions, etc. (See G. J. Turner, Select Pleas of the Forest, 1901.)
The commonly received account of the swanimote is derived from Manwood, who asserted that it was a distinct court of the forest, to which the freeholders (see swain n. 6) were summoned, and having jurisdiction with power to enquire of vert and venison and other trespasses done within the forest.
1189(Sept. 15) Carta Abbatis de Burgo (Cartæ Antiquæ Roll EE 21, P.R.O.) Liberi et quieti ab omni..consuetudine foreste et a swanimot. 1217Carta de Foresta (2 Hen. 3, c. 8) Nullum Suanimotum de cetero teneatur in Regno nostro nisi ter in anno, videlicet in principio quindecim dierum ante festum Sancti Michaelis quando agistatores conveniunt ad agistandum Dominicos boscos nostros & circa festum Sancti Martini, quando agistatores nostri debent recipere Pannagium nostrum;..Et tercium Suanimotum teneatur in inicio quindecim dierum ante festum Sancti Johannis Baptistae, pro feonacione Bestiarum nostrarum. 12..Liber Niger Scaccarii 374 Ipse concessit quod ego, & heredes mei..quieti sumus de Secta Swanemoti, et de omnibus aliis Sectis illius bosco. 1294Yearbks. 22 Edw. I (Rolls) 627 Nus avum treis swaynemotes par an pur encercher e enquere sy nuly mette plusurs avers ke mettre ne deit. 1311Noveles Ordenances (5 Edw. II), Qe les foresters en qe baillies tieux trespas seront faitz, presentent mesmes les trespas as procheins Swanimotz. 1415–16in Dugdale Monast. (1655) I. 976 Quod omnia bona..sint..quieta..de..Wapentake, & Shewyne & Miskennyng, Swanemoode, et de thesauro ducendo. c1500in Essex Rev. XV. 145 The Clerke of the Swanymote to make relacion to the Kyngs hyghnes of the certente of the deer kyllyd. 1558Nottingham Rec. IV. 118 At the Swynemote at Blydworthe. 1617Assheton Jrnl. (Chetham Soc.) 2 Mr. Steward keipping the swainemote. a1634Coke Inst. iv. (1648) 298 There be certain incidents inseparable to every Forest,..Courts of Record, as Courts of Attachments, Swanimote, and Iustice Seats. 1635Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. lxxiv, To John Chapman for his chardges at the swannamott held within the fforrest of Whitlewood by bill, 00 17 00. 1768Blackstone Comm. iii. vi. 72 The court of sweinmote is to be holden before the verderors, as judges, by the steward of the sweinmote thrice in every year. 1837Howitt Rur. Life v. i. (1840) 355 The Court of Swainmote.
attrib.1614Spelman Orig. Four Terms Eng. Wks. ii. (1727) 85 Forasmuch as the Swainmote-Courts are by the ancient Forest-Laws appointed to be kept fifteen Days before Michaelmas. c1645Howell Lett. (1655) IV. xvi. 39 A Forest hath her Court of attachments, or Swainmote Court, where matters are as pleadable, and determinable, as at Westminster-Hall. 1670Evelyn Sylva xxxiii. (ed. 2) 209 The great neglect of Swainmote-Courts [should be] reformed. 1809G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 368 The business of the Swanimote Court at Lyndhurst. |