| 释义 |
drop-
the verb-stem used in Comb. a. attrib. with n., in the sense ‘dropping’, ‘used in dropping’, ‘arranged so as to drop’, forming substantives or adjectives; as drop-ladder, drop-leap, drop-ring, drop-shade, drop-stile, drop-wave; also, ‘arranged so as to drop or let down’, as drop-end, drop-front, drop-shelf, drop-side, drop-window (also attrib., esp. of parts of furniture); drop-arch (see quot.); drop-bar, (a) one of the vertical bars connecting the chain and the roadway in a suspension bridge; (b) (Printing), a bar or roller for running the sheet into the machine; drop-bottom (see quots.); drop-box, in figure-weaving looms, the shuttle-box containing shuttles carrying wefts of various colours; drop-cake orig. U.S., a small cake made by letting batter drop from a spoon into hot fat, or on a greased pan to be baked in an oven; drop-cannon Billiards, a variety of cannon; drop-curls (dial.), dropping curls, ringlets; drop-curtain = drop n. 16; drop-down a., designed to drop or let down (see also quot. 1940); drop-drill, a drill which sows seed and manure together; drop-flue a., of a boiler, in which the flues drop or descend; drop-fly (Angling), see quot. (= dropper 3); drop-foot = foot-drop (foot n. 35); drop-forging vbl. n., forging in which a heavy weight is repeatedly dropped on to heated metal, forcing it into a die; also, a forging made by this method; so drop-forge v. trans. (in quot. transf.), drop-forged ppl. adj., drop-forger; drop-frame, (a) a frame designed to drop or let down; (b) a bicycle frame having the top bar lowered or depressed; so drop-framed adj.; drop-glass, a dropping tube or pipette used for dropping liquid into the eye or other part; drop-hammer = drop-press; drop-handle a., applied to a form of needle-telegraph instrument which is operated by a handle directed downward; n., a handle to a drawer, door, etc., that hangs down when it is not held in the hand; drop-handlebars, bicycle handlebars which have the handles lower than the rest of the bar (cf. quot. 1898 s.v. handle n. 5 and dropped ppl. a. 1 d); drop-head orig. U.S., (a) a device for lowering a sewing-machine, typewriter, etc., into its cabinet or desk so as to leave a flat surface; (b) an adjustable canvas roof to a car; freq. attrib.; drop-initial (see quot. 1951); drop-keel, a movable keel which can be lowered below the bottom of a boat; a centre-board; drop-knee Surfing (see quot. 1967); drop-lamp, (U.S.), a portable gas-burner, connected with the gas-fittings by a flexible tube, usually in the form of a lamp, which can stand on a table; cf. drop n. 18, quot. 1864; drop-leaf a., designating a table or desk having a hinged flap at the end or side which can be raised to extend the surface area; drop-light, (a) = drop-lamp; (b) an electric light suspended from the ceiling; drop-line, (a) = drop n. 22; (b) U.S. a hand-line used in fishing; drop-off, an act of dropping off (see drop v. 28); spec. a diminution; also attrib.; drop-pattern (see quot.); drop-press, drop-repeat (see quots.); drop-roller = drop-bar b; drop-scone (see scone n. 1); drop-service Lawn Tennis, a service which causes the ball to drop sharply after it passes the net; drop-shot = drop-stroke (see also drop n. 23 a); drop-shutter, a device for securing very brief exposure in instantaneous photography; see quot.; dropsonde, a radiosonde dropped from an aircraft to measure weather conditions during its descent; drop-stitch, an openwork pattern in knitted garments made by dropping a made stitch at intervals; drop-stroke, in tennis, rackets, badminton, etc., a stroke that causes the ball or shuttlecock to drop sharply after crossing the net or striking the wall; drop-table (see quot.); drop-tank Aeronaut., a (fuel-)tank that can be detached and dropped in flight; drop-title, a title which is set comparatively low on the page; drop-volley, a volleyed drop-stroke; drop-wrist, = wrist-drop (wrist 5 d) (cf. quot. 1893 s.v. dropped ppl. a. 1 a). b. In verbal comb. with object, as † drop-piss, strangury; drop-seed, a grass that readily drops its seed, spec. Muhlenbergia diffusa (Treas. Bot. 1866). c. In adverbial combination with an adj., as drop-ripe a., so ripe as to be ready to drop from the tree; also fig.
1848Rickman Archit. 50 *Drop arches..have a radius shorter than the breadth of the arch.
1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 375 The *drop bars are rods of iron..which fall through the joints of the main chains. 1887Clowes Printing Mach. in Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. LXXXIX. iii, The dropbar feeding arrangement..a revolving steel bar, on which are fastened two disks..which can by means of screws be shifted to any position..to suit the sheet to be printed.
1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) II. Gloss., *Drop Bottom, the bottom of a coach, chariot, or chaise body, when sunk deeper than the surface of the framing, to give more room. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 44 It raises the coals..and delivers them on an elevated railway platform into a waggon—through the drop-bottom of which they are duly distributed among the range of hoppers attached to Stanley's ingenious furnace-feeding machines.
1860All Year Round No. 53. 63 Robert Kay..invented the *drop-box, by means of which three spindles of different coloured wefts could be used successively.
1835Liberator (Boston) 5 Dec. 196/5 The travellers on whom I bestowed your *drop cakes. 1879M. E. Braddon Vixen II. ix. 151 Trimmer's drop-cakes..are always capital.
1904S. A. Mussabini Mannock's Billiards I. 336 The plain ‘*drop cannon’ which is employed to gather the balls between the two top pockets. 1909Westm. Gaz. 2 Feb. 12/3 He unexpectedly missed a rather wide drop-cannon from hand.
1880W. Cornwall Gloss., *Drop-curls, ringlets.
1832Examiner 85/1 There is a new *drop-curtain, painted in crimson. 1857Dickens Lett. 17 Aug., In order that the piece may be played through without having the drop curtain down.
1934H. Addison Textbk. Appl. Hydraulics viii. 137 (heading) Falling surface or *drop-down curves. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 267/2 Drop-down curve (Hyd. Eng.), the longitudinal profile of the water surface in the case of non-uniform flow in an open channel, when the water surface is not parallel to the invert. 1951Catal. of Exhibits, South Bank Exhib., Festival of Britain 36/2 Gas cooker..with drop-down door.
1847Raynbird in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VIII. i. 215 Using a *drop-drill.
1928Daily Mail 31 July 1/2 Settee has *drop end. 1960Measurement of Spectacles (B.S.I.) 18 Dimensions of drop-end sides.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Drop-flue Boiler..the object being to cause [the heat] to leave the boiler at the lower part, where the feed⁓water is introduced.
1870D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rur. Sports §2969 When more than one fly is used in fly-fishing, the additional one is called a *drop-fly, and by some a bob..As these flies drop or hang down from the line, so they gain their name of drop-flies.
1921Newcastle-upon-Tyne Med. Jrnl. Apr. 118 (title) Tendon fixation of *drop foot. 1924Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. LXXXII. 30/1 (caption) Shoe modified for the drop-foot brace. 1925Ibid. LXXXV. 1927/1 Drop-foot is the inability to dorsiflex the ankle joint or foot, and is the result of any agent that impairs or abolishes the muscular power in the anterior group of leg muscles. 1962D. V. & F. Davies Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1212 Paralysis of all the dorsiflexor and evertor muscles of the foot..producing a ‘drop foot’.
1925Glasgow Herald 15 Jan. 8 A mass of dough, kneaded, *drop-forged, or otherwise assembled into a solid entity.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 555/2 Cold drawn steel tubing, with steel *drop forged crown. 1897Westm. Gaz. 7 Jan. 7/2 Cleeks and irons made of drop-forged steel. 1957Economist 7 Dec. 897/1 The *drop forgers and specialised ironfoundries.
a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 277/2 *Drop forging, one made in that form of press in which the blow is by impact instead of by mere pressure. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 278/2 The hammers that are pounding out the drop-forgings. 1909Engineer CVII. 277 Drop forgings are cheaper and more accurate than hand forgings. 1925Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXI. 527 Recent developments in drop-forging practice. 1959Ibid. CXCI. 94/3 Calculating the power required in drop forging.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 555/1 This machine..has our patent duplex *drop frame for ladies' use. 1898Westm. Gaz. 18 Nov. 9/1 In Professor Lilly's triangulated frame will be found an attempt by a skilled engineer to overcome the ‘drop’-frame difficulty. 1906Bazaar, Exch. & Mart. Suppl. 12 Oct. 1481/2 Gentleman's cycle, 23 in. drop frame. 1928Daily Tel. 16 Oct. 7 Another feature demanded by lady drivers is a drop-frame for the divisional window between the front and rear seats.
1898Cycling 91 The *drop-framed safety.
1934Webster, *Drop-front adj., of a desk, having a part of the front formed by a hinged lid or cover which may be lowered to form a writing table. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 74/2 Two types of door, the drop-front and the side opening, are available.
1876Preece, etc. Telegraphy §48 There are two forms of the single needle instrument in use, viz. the *drop-handle and the pedal or tapper form. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 383/2 Drawer drop handles. 1898J. P. Arkwright Cabinet-Making 84/2 Brass drop handles..look well. 1940Antiquity XIV. 69 Three angons were actually pushed through the drop handle of the larger bowl. 1967Gloss. Terms Builders' Hardware (B.S.I.) iv. 11 Drop handle, any handle pivoted to a plate or spindle so that it falls by gravity to a vertical position when not in use.
1937M. Allingham Dancers in Mourning xix. 243 He then turned the bike sideways, showed off the *drop handlebars with the special grips.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 264 Our improved high arm in the new *drop head case. 1903Sears Catal. (ed. 113) 420 We recommend the drop head cabinet for the reason that it serves as a protection for the head, and when closed you have in it a handsome stand or table. 1932Autocar 28 Oct. 7 (Advt.), Romney 2-seater Drop⁓head Coupé. 1934Times 16 Oct. 7/3 This all-weather car has a patented drop-head which can be folded back by one person without leaving the car. 1936J. G. Cozzens Men & Brethren ii. 191 Bill Jennings sat at the battered drophead desk.
1951Bookman's Gloss. (R. R. Bowker Co.) (ed. 3) 54 *Drop initials, initial letters as tall as two or more lines of text, which lines are indented to allow room. 1963Punch 9 Oct. 528/2 Elegant drop-initials three inches deep.
1896Westm. Gaz. 12 May 2/1 To steady the boat still further, it carries a water ballast, or a *drop-keel.
1967J. Severson Great Surfing Gloss., *Drop-knee, a type of turn where both knees are bent—the trail leg crossed behind the lead leg with the trail-leg knee dropped closer to the board than the knee of the lead leg. 1970Surf '70 (N.Z.) 37/2, I found I had to change from a drop knee turn to a turn with both knees bent and my weight behind my legs.
1895Westm. Gaz. 28 Sept. 2/1 The *drop-ladder was all burnt now, an' the flames pouring out of the trapdoor.
18..Mrs. Spofford Pilot's Wife, When dark came we would light the *drop-lamp.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 609/2 Men's *drop leaf desk. 1966A. W. Lewis Gloss. Woodworking Terms 45 The hinge is recessed into the face of the job, e.g. on bureau falls and on drop-leaf tables.
1886Burton Arab. Nts. I. 5 [He] sprang with a *drop-leap from one of the trees.
1861Harper's Mag. Nov. 815/2 The dark, bright Spanish woman, on the alabaster shade of the *drop-light. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Drop-light. 1890Century Mag. Mar. 764/1 Reading a calf-bound volume at a drop-light. 1902T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 218/4 Electric drop-light shade. 1904K. C. Thurston John Chilcote viii, The drop-light from the ceiling being directly above his head.
1847C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness xxvi. 158, I..with a *drop-line have taken, in twenty minutes, more trout than I could eat in a fortnight. 1882Cussans Handbk. Her. xxi. 282 It frequently happens when Pedigrees are printed, that space forbids such an arrangement, and that *drop-lines are obliged to be used... The drop-line..shows that Margaret is sister to John and William.
1925Duo-Art Service Manual 14 *Drop-off screw. 1952Time 21 Apr., Drop-off point, place where copies of Time come off a plane, train or truck. 1958College English XX. 16/2 There is no drop-off in volume. 1959Times 31 Jan. 6/1 The rocket engines are fuelled by a mixture of liquid oxygen and ammonia representing about half the drop-off weight of 31,275 lb.
1897Stephenson & Suddards Textbk. Orn. Design Woven Fabrics iv. 49 This placing or ‘dropping’ of one diamond below another..gives the essence of the *drop pattern.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. xxviii. 41 The roote [of Dropwort] boyled in wine and dronken is good against the *Droppisse, or Strangury.
1864Webster, *Drop-press, a machine for embossing, punching, etc., consisting of a weight guided vertically, to be raised by a cord and pulley worked by the foot, and to drop on an anvil; called also drop-hammer, or simply a drop.
1888W. Crane Arts & Crafts Catal. 42 One way of concealing the joints of the repeat of the pattern is by..a *drop-repeat, so that, in hanging, the paper-hanger, instead of placing each repeat of pattern side by side, is enabled to join the pattern at a point its own depth below, which..arranges the chief features or masses on an alternating plan.
1883Standard 28 Mar. 5/2 Thence it [bearing-rein] passes through the *drop-ring.
1724Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 152 He was *drop-ripe for heaven. 1829Cunningham in Anniversary 6 Lips like drop-ripe cherries cleft.
1898Kennedy & Cohen in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport 420 Saunders..relied on his..*drop service. 1962Times 8 Jan. 3/7 His cramping drop-service..just gave him the edge.
1887Scribner's Mag. I. 632/1 The *drop-shades were of thick light-blue paper.
1905Daily Chron. 16 Feb. 8/5 A *drop-shelf, with chains attached to one of the panels.
1908Captain Aug. 453/1 They never practice its [sc. the lob's] antithesis, the *drop-shot. 1927Observer 20 Mar. 27/3 Mixing up deep drives and clever drop-shots. 1963Times 19 Jan. 3/3 He reached the first drop shot only at its second bounce.
1890Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 235 The principle of a *drop⁓shutter is the passing of an elongated aperture, cut in a board, over the front of the lens.
1907–8T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall & Winter 243/3 Child's iron and brass cot,..*drop sides with brass top rails. 1959B.S.I. News Apr. 18/1 Suitable forms of fastening devices for the drop side have been specified, with the intention of preventing the child from lowering it. 1962Engineering 28 Dec. 839 Dropsides and tailboards for lorries have been made from bonded metal. 1963Which? Jan. 13 A drop-side cot is probably used more continuously than any other piece of nursery furniture.
1946Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. XXVII. 162/1 Droppable radiosondes..can be dropped by parachute; they emit radio signals... The accuracy of the resulting..data is comparable with similar data from the usual radiosondes... These ‘*drop⁓sondes’ should be quite valuable. 1951in Meteorol. Abstr. (1952) III. 6 (title) Dropsonde observations. 1963New Scientist 14 Nov. 396/3 A ‘dropsonde’ to measure low densities and temperatures. 1968G. M. B. Dobson Explor. Atmos. (ed. 2) ii. 19 The instrument is carried up on a small rocket to a height of about 70 km and there released, when it descends on a large parachute... Such instruments are sometimes known as drop-sondes.
1791W. Jessop Rep. River Witham 14 Gates and *Drop-stiles in the cross Fences.
1890in Amer. Mail Order Fashions (1961) 12 Ladies' Black Spun Silk Hose, *drop stitch. 1905Smart Set Oct. 9/2 Kind o' openwork, like a lady's drop-stitch sock. 1923Daily Mail 29 June 1/2 (Advt.), French Lisle Thread Stockings..Dropstitch design.
1897Encycl. Sport I. 621/2 *Drop-stroke, a stroke by which the ball is made to drop dead, just clearing the net. 1898Cockayne & Gower in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport 254 A ‘drop’ stroke [in rackets] is a return so soft that it hardly comes off the front wall at all.
1864Webster, *Drop-table, a machine for lowering weights, and especially for removing the wheels of locomotives.
1946Taylor & Allward Spitfire 102/2 By carrying a belly *drop tank the range could be increased to around 2,000 miles. 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze xvi. 397 Drop tanks full of water were flown by a Skyraider from H.M.S. Albion. 1971Air Pictorial XXXIII. 135/1 In-flight refuelling capability and up to six 600-gal. external drop-tanks can probably double this figure.
1893Wise & Smart Bibliography of Ruskin I. 189 There is no title-page, the ‘*drop-title’ on page 1 reading ‘Memorandum of Association of the Guild of St. George’.
1907Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 12/3 The *drop-volley..was one of her favourite strokes. 1927Daily Express 4 May 13/7 She would leap forward and summarily cut short the rally with a deft drop-volley.
1879J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xxxiii. 276 There may be on one side no..rhythmic *drop-wave.
1901Daily News 3 Jan. 6/4 A door with window, and on either side of the latter a *drop window. 1926Glasgow Herald 26 June 9 The drop-windows permit of ready means of ventilation on warm days.
1860R. J. Jordan Dis. Skin 18 Painters..become affected with ‘lead-colic’ and ‘*drop-wrist’, from having to do with white lead. 1902H. J. Stiles in D. J. Cunningham Textbk. Anat. 1203 The condition known as ‘drop-wrist’, the result of paralysis of the extensor muscles of the forearm.
Add: drop-head, (c) Journalism, a headline set below a banner and relating to the same story; (d) Typogr. = dropped head s.v. dropped ppl. a. 1 c.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §522/23 Drophead, hanger, the headline beneath a ‘streamer’ relating to the same story. 1969Bodl. Libr. Rec. VIII. 155 A single sheet, with drop-head title and no imprint, unrecorded in Wing and in A Gallery, in which Thomas Waite seeks to explain..that he did nothing against Charles I. 1971Baskette & Sissors Art of Editing viii. 131 Later, by indenting lines under the first line they achieved the stepped head, sometimes known as the drop head. 1986Los Angeles Times 18 Apr. v. 16/4 Vera's story ideas come from folk legend, conversations overheard on the subway, graffiti, drop heads in the Metro section.
drop-off, (b) orig. and chiefly U.S., a steep descent or dropping away of the ground, on land or underwater; a declivity; also, the brink above this.
1923C. F. Saunders Southern Sierras Calif. 204 It was a climb of many short turns and dizzy drop-offs. 1955Nat. Geographic July 85/1 A dizzying 13-mile drive up the mountainside, around hairpin curves, along harrowing dropoffs, had brought us from a valley floor elevation..to our present altitude. 1969Guardian 8 Mar. 7/5 Beyond the dropoff of the continental shelf, the waters of the Indian Ocean are clear and dark blue. 1986T. O'Brien Nuclear Age v. 86 There was the strange, somewhat dizzy sensation of moving blindfolded toward a steep drop-off.
▸ drop safe n. a safe built into a floor for extra security.
1970Herald (Roselle, Illinois) 12 Oct. i.4 All receipts go into the *drop safe. 2001E. Schlosser Fast Food Nation iii. 85 The leading fast food chains have tried to reduce violent crime by spending millions on new security systems—video cameras, panic buttons, drop-safes, burglar alarms. |