| 释义 |
survivorship|səˈvaɪvəʃɪp|
[f. survivor + -ship.]
1. Law, etc.
a. The condition of a survivor, or the fact of one person surviving another or others, considered in relation to some right or privilege depending on such survival or the period of it.
presumption of survivorship, the presumption of the momentary or brief survival of one of a number of persons who have perished by the same calamity, as affecting rights of inheritance.
1697Lond. Gaz. No. 3315/4 An Order, No 3179, Sir John Burgoyne..for 100l. on Survivorships, on the Life of Lucy Burgoyne. 1772R. Price Observ. Reversionary Payments (ed. 2) 75 Since the duration of survivorship is in the present case..equal to the duration of marriage. 1815J. Milne (title) A treatise on the valuation of annuities and assurances on lives and survivorships. 1825Beck's Elem. Med. Jurispr. 209 Of the presumption of survivorship of mother or child, when both die during delivery. Ibid. 211 Of the presumption of survivorship of persons of different ages, destroyed by a common accident. 1834H. Martineau Farrers vii. 114 Jane ought to have given the largest proportion, not only because she had no claims upon her, but because her survivorship enriched her by means of this very death. 1842Penny Cycl. XXIII. 330/2 The chance of survivorship is that of one individual, now of a given age, surviving another, also now of a given age. 1872Hist. Broughton Place Church 56 The Rev. Andrew Thomson was inducted as colleague and, in case of survivorship, successor to the Rev. Dr. Brown.
b. A right depending on survival; e.g. the right of the survivor or survivors of a number of joint-tenants or other persons having a joint interest, to take the whole on the death of the other or others; the right of future succession, in case of survival, to some office not vacant at the time of the grant.
a1625Sir H. Finch Law (1636) 60 Two Abbots cannot bee Ioyntenants..for they cannot haue the effect of it, which is suruiuorship. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xiii. (1739) 24 The Clergy..turned both King and Lords out, and shut the doors after them, and so possessed themselves of the whole by Survivorship. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. lvii, The Conservatorship..may by survivorship accrue to a Colour-man in the Strand. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 163 Where the Grant has been by Survivorship. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises II. 317 That each annuitant should receive a proportionable share of his fortune, with benefit of survivorship and right of accruer. 1860Commercial Handbk 70 Survivorship in Life Assurance, a reversionary benefit, contingent upon certain lives being survivors. 1860M. W. Freer Hen. IV, II. ii. iv. 89 He offered the government of Burgundy, with the survivorship for his son. 1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci. etc. s.v., The values of annuities and assurances in every order of survivorship, where there are only three lives. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 598/1 On the death of one trustee there is survivorship.
†c. concr. That which comes to a person by survivorship. Obs. rare.
1633Sir J. Boroughs Sov. Brit. Seas (1651) 23 Canutus the Dane, coming not long after to be King first of halfe the Realme..and after the death of Edmond of the whole Survivorshippe.
d. attrib.: survivorship annuity (see quot.).
1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 206 To find..the value of an annuity on the life of B, aged n, the first payment of which is to be made at the end of the year in which the life of A, aged m, fails. This is called a survivorship annuity, since it can never be paid unless B survive A.
2. a. gen. The state or condition of being a survivor; survival.
1709Steele Tatler No. 53 ⁋2 We are now going into the Country together, with only one Hope for making this Life agreeable, Survivorship. 1711― Spect. No. 192 ⁋2 The Survivorship of a worthy Man in his Son. 1748Richardson Clarissa VI. 334 In case of survivorship, I most cheer⁓fully accept of the sacred office you are pleased to offer me. 1837De Quincey Rev. Tartars Wks. 1854 IV. 132 As old men, we reap nothing from our sufferings, nor benefit by our survivorship. 1865Grote Plato II. xxiii. 203 The Epikureans denied altogether the survivorship of soul over body. 1877J. Martineau in Drummond & Upton Life & Lett. (1902) viii. II. 38 It is better to have, than to give, the grief of survivorship.
b. The probability of surviving to a given age; the proportion of a population that does this.
1949L. I. Dublin et al. Length of Life (ed. 2) ix. 178 With information available regarding the actual mortality and survivorship of the cohort born in 1890, it becomes possible to compute..the average years of life lived after any attained age. 1954Q. Rev. Biol. XXIX. 105/1 These quantities are nicely summed up by the familiar life-table function, survivorship (lx)..and by the age-specific birth rate. 1978Nature 5 Oct. 466/1 In higher forms life span and survivorship can be expressed in terms of allometric and Gompertz equations.
3. A body of survivors.
1867Woolrych Bar & Serjeant-at-Law 7 The Bar will survive, and the survivorship will consist of the Queen's Counsel and the Barristers-at-Law.
4. Special Comb.: survivorship curve, a curve showing the proportion of a population surviving at different ages.
1953E. P. Odum Fund. Ecol. vi. 108 The resulting curve is called a survivorship curve. 1976Nature 1–8 Jan. 12/2 Van Valen..has made a notable contribution in this respect by applying the survivorship curve technique of population biologists to the study of extinction rates for numerous fossil taxa. |