| 释义 |
▪ I. drake1|dreɪk|
Forms 1 draca, (7 drack), 3– drake.
[OE. draca:—Com. WGer. *drako, a. L. draco dragon: cf. MDu., MLG., OFris. drake, mod.Du. draak, OHG. trahho, MHG. trache, Ger. drache; also ON. dreki (Sw. drake, Da. drage).]
(See also fire-drake.)
1. = dragon 2. Also a representation of this used as a battle-standard. Obs. or arch.
Beowulf (Th.) 5371 Þa wæs..frecne fyr-draca, fæhða ᵹemyndiᵹ. a1000Martyrol. (E.E.T.S.) 90 Of þære com gan micel draca ond abat þone þriddan dæl þæs hæðnan folces. c1200Ormin 1842 Forr þatt he shollde fihhtenn Onnȝæn an drake. c1205Lay. 15962 Þas tweie draken [c 1275 drakes]. Ibid. 27244 Þa lette he sette up þene drake, heremærken unimake. 13..K. Alis. 554 Theo lady gede to theo drake. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 259 If it were the burnand drake Of me styfly he gatt a strake. 1570Levins Manip. 12/14 Drake, dragon, draco. 1597Constable Poems (1859) 53 The pryde of heauen became the drake of hell. [1892S. A. Brooke E. Eng. Lit. iii. 71 Three hundred years before Beowulf met the drake.]
†b. A serpent; = dragon 1. Obs.
c1000Panther 16 (Bosw.) Is ðæt deor pandher, se is æt-hwam freond, butan dracan anum. c1000Ags. Ps. xc[i]. 13 (Th.) Þu ofer aspide miht eaðe gangan..and leon and dracan liste ᵹebyᵹean.
†c. A monster of the waters; = dragon 3. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. lxxiii[i]. 13 Swylce ᵹebræce þæt dracan heafod deope wætere. Ibid. cxlviii. 7 Heriᵹen dracan swylce Drihten.
†2. A fiery meteor: see fire-drake 2. Obs.
c1205Lay. 25594 Þa com þer westene winden mid þan weolcen a berninge drake. 1393Gower Conf. III. 96 Lo where the firie drake alofte Fleeth up in thaier. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. iii. (1660) 116 Fearfull..fiery Drakes, and Blazing bearded-light, Which frights the World.
†3. Name of a species of ordnance; a small sort of cannon. Obs. exc. Hist.
1625J. Glanvill Voy. to Cadiz (1883) 75 Wee discharged upon them some of our Drakes or field peices loaden with small shott. 1627Taking of St. Esprit in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 550 Two drakes upon the half deck, being brass, of sacker bore. 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 170 Mr. Bellingham having lately invented a sort of gun, called a drake, to serve in nature of feild peices, and may be carried behind a man on horseback. 1755Carte Hist. Eng. IV. 266 Two ships had..landed at Leith, six culverins and nine drakes. 1894Wolseley Marlborough II. 157 Ten demiculverins, twelve drakes, two three-pounders, and some mortars.
4. An angler's name for species of Ephemera: the green drake is the common day-fly (E. vulgata). (See also drake-fly in drake2.)
1658R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 66 It was only with dracks that I killed these trouts. 1676Cotton Walton's Angler viii, The drake..is to be found in flags and grass too, and indeed everywhere, high and low, near the river. 1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 282 The drake or true cad⁓fly, called by many the May-fly, from the month in which it is in season. 1884G. F. Braithwaite Salmonidæ of Westmorland vi. 26 The most beautiful species of our ephemera, the green and grey drakes.
5. A beaked galley, or ship of war of the Vikings. (Cf. ON dreki.)
1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden I. 199 note, Those in which the vikings were buried in their drake. Ibid. 438 A viking was discovered at Hatuna, interred in his drake.
6. attrib. and Comb., as drake-head; drake-shot from sense 3.
c1205Lay. 18231 Pendragun an Brutisc Draken hefd [c 1275 Drake-heued] an Englisc. a1225Ancr. R. 246 Þu hauest forschalded..þe drake heaued. 1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake II. iii. 77 A Drake Shot, otherwise a Four Pounder.
▪ II. drake2|dreɪk|
In 5 drak, 6 Sc. draik, (7 draig).
[ME., first found in 13th c., corresponding to northern and central Ger. dial. draak, drake, drache (same sense); this is app. the second element in OHG. antrahho, antrehho, MHG. antreche, Ger. enterich, 1599 endtrich, Ger. dial. endedrach, antrek, antrecht, entrach, Sw. (from LG.) anddrake, the first element usually explained as eend, end, ente, and, ant, anut ‘duck’, though the OHG. forms offer difficulties. The compound form is not known in English.
If *drako, *drakko, *drekko was originally the W.Ger. name of the male of the duck, the word for ‘duck’ may have been prefixed to distinguish it from the similar forms of drake1. (The notion that ME. drake was shortened from an OE. *andrake has no basis of fact, and the conjecture that the word contains the suffix -ric, -rich, ‘chief, mighty, ruler’, is absurd.)]
1. The male of the duck, and of birds of the duck kind.
c1300Havelok 1241 Ne gos ne henne Ne the hende, ne the drake. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2450 Phyllis, Withoute lore as can a drake sweme. c1450Holland Howlat 210 With grene almouss on hed, schir Gawane the Drak. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxiii. 46 Huntaris of draik and duik. 1639Sir R. Gordon Hist. Earldom Sutherland 3 Ther is..duke, draig, widgeon, teale..and all other kinds of wildfowl. 1871Darwin Desc. Man (1888) 393 The common drake..after the breeding-season is well known to lose his male plumage for a period of three months.
2. a. attrib. and Comb., as drake-neck, † drake-nosed, adjs.; drake-fly, † (a) an artificial fly dressed with breast feathers of a drake (obs.); (b) a may-fly, used in angling; drake-stone, a flat stone thrown along the surface of water so as alternately to graze it and rebound in its course.
a1450Fysshynge w. Angle (1883) 35 The drake flye, the body of blacke wull..wynges of the mayle of the blacke drake. 1575Appius & Virg. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 151 That drousy drakenosed drivel. 1828De Quincey in Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 907 It..reappears at a remote part of the sentence, like what is called a drake-stone on the surface of a river. 1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. i. v, A dab at killing trout; drake-fly, wasp-fly, or stone-fly, all one to him. 1847–8De Quincey Protestantism Wks. VIII. 130 The boyish sport sometimes called ‘drake-stone’: a flattish stone is thrown by a little dexterity so as to graze the surface of a river. 1884Lit. World (U.S.) 481/3 Bound in drake-neck blue vellum cloth. 1927H. Williamson Tarka the Otter iv. 57 The summer drake-flies..hatched from their cases on the water and danced over the shadowed surface.
b. Used attrib. before the names of birds of the duck kind to denote the male of the species.
1889Daily News 5 Jan. 5 There are few handsomer sea-fowl than the drake eider. 1907in Zoologist (1908) Apr. 124 A drake Shoveler seen on the river at Eaton.
c. Comb. with drake's. drake's tail, (used of) unruly hair at the back of the head. Cf. duck-tail.
1938M. K. Rawlings Yearling iii. 24 The hair grieved him..it grew in tufts at the back. ‘Drake's tails’, his mother called them. 1960C. Day Lewis Buried Day iv. 80 It horrified me..when I first caught sight of the back of my neck..to find that I had a drake's-tail of hair.
▪ III. drake
obs. form of drawk n. |