| 释义 |
▪ I. surrender, n.|səˈrɛndə(r)|
Also 5 sure render, 6 surrendre.
[a. AF. surrender, = OF. surrendre, inf. used as n.: see next.]
The action or an act of surrendering.
1. Law.
a. The giving up of an estate to the person who has it in reversion or remainder, so as to merge it in the larger estate; e.g. the giving up of a lease before its expiration; spec. the yielding up of a tenancy in a copyhold estate to the lord of the manor for a specified purpose; transf. a deed by which such surrender is made.
1487Rolls of Parlt. VI. 394/1 Determynation of the States..by Deth,..or by eny other wise then by Surrender. 1512Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 4, I will that my feoffees maike a sufficiente and lawful estaite, by surrender or otherwais. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. 14 Surrenders of landes holden by the yerde. 1535Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 27 §7 The said Chauncellour shall have power..to take surrendre of any leases. 1583B. Melbancke Philotimus X iv b, I haue wastfully spente..the surrender of my fathers landes. 1590West Symbol. i. ii. §311 An Instrument of Surrender is an instrument testifiyng..that the particuler tenant of landes..doth..agree, that he which hath the next immediate remainder or reuersion thereof shall also haue the particuler estate of the same in possession. 1628Coke On Litt. 338 If a man make a Lease for yeares to begin at Michaelmasse next, this future interest cannot bee surrendred, because there is no Reuersion wherein it may drowne, but by a Surrender in Law it may be drowned. As if the Lessee before Michaelmasse take a new Lease for yeares..this is a Surrender in Law of the former Lease. 1679–88Moneys Secr. Serv. Chas. II & Jas. II (Camden) 69 For the charge of a surrender made by Lord Arundell of Trerice, and inrolling the same, 3 0 0. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. 365 Surrender,..the yielding up of the estate by the tenant into the hands of the lord, for such purposes as in the surrender are expressed. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 277 A term cannot be merged by surrender till the tenant has entered. 1825Act 6 Geo. IV, c. 16 §3 If any such Trader shall..make..any fraudulent Surrender of any of his Copyhold Lands.
b. The giving up of letters patent granting an estate or office; Hist. the yielding up of tithes in Scotland to the Crown.
1557Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 261 Upon dewe surrender mayde to my handes of the other sayde severall patentes. 1628Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 189/1 Such of his Majesties Subjects as had right to whatsoever erection of..Teinds and others forsaids who should make surrender thereof in his Majesties hands. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 126 His..Commission of Surrenders of Superiorities and Tithes, by which the Ministers and Land-owners were bought out..from the Clientele and Vassallage of the Nobility and Laique Patrons. 1662Hughes Abridgm. Law III. 1904/2 Of Surrender of the King's Letters Patents, what shall be said a good Surrender of them, and what not. 1729Jacob Law Dict. s.v., A Surrender may be made of Letters Patent to the King, to the End he may grant the Estate to whom he pleases.
c. The action of surrendering to bail.
1710Palmer Proverbs 10 The Bail has a sort of Custody and Command of the Prisoner. A Surrender is our Discharge.
d. The giving up by a bankrupt of his property to his creditors or their assignees; also, his due appearance in the bankruptcy court for examination, as formerly required by the bankruptcy acts.
1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman vii. (1841) I. 48 Upon his honest and faithful surrender of his affairs, he shall be set at liberty. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. 481 In case the bankrupt absconds..between the time of the commission issued, and the last day of surrender, he may by warrant..be committed to the county goal. 1825Act 6 Geo. IV, c. 16 §112 If any Person..declared Bankrupt, shall not..surrender himself to them [sc. Commissioners], and sign or subscribe such Surrender, and submit to be examined before them..[he] shall be deemed guilty of Felony.
e. † (a) See quot. 1755. (b) The abandonment of an insurance policy by the party assured on receiving part of the premiums.
surrender value, the amount payable to an insured person on his surrendering his policy.
1755N. Magens Insurances II. 92 When any Goods or Ships that are insured, happen to be lost,..then the Assured is obliged to abandon such Goods or Ship to the Benefit of the Assurers, before he can demand any Satisfaction from them. The Surrender must be made by Notice in writing, by the Messenger of the maritime Court. 1880Encycl. Brit. XIII. 179/1 The surrender value to be allowed for a policy which is to be given up should be less than the reserve value. 1887J. Henry Handbk. Life Assurers (ed. 2) 51 The value to be offered by the office for a surrender of the policy.
2. The giving up of something (or of oneself) into the possession or power of another who has or is held to have a claim to it; esp. (Mil., etc.) of combatants, a town, territory, etc. to an enemy or a superior. In wider sense: Giving up, resignation, abandonment.
c1485Digby Myst., Christ's Burial 301 To his fadere, for vs he made a sure render. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 354 The Senate refused to make surrender or to receiue a power into the citie. Ibid. 400 Albeit they were layde at with many weapons, yet toke they it by surrender. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. i. 138 To speake..About surrender vp of Aquitaine. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. ii. xxv. (1821) 452 Which they did not deliver unto him as a Surrender, but to shew and manifest their Dutys. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 494 With eyes Of conjugal attraction unreprov'd, And meek surrender. 1689Sc. Acts Will. & M. (1875) XII. 54/2 That at the surrender of the castle þe avenews be gaurded be the town gaurds. 1790Burke Rev. France 88 That he may secure some liberty, he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. 1792J. Almon Anecd. W. Pitt II. xxx. 145 That a repeal of the Stamp Act would be a surrender of the authority of the British Legislature over the Colonies. 1856Kane Arctic Expl. I. xxvii. 353 Nothing depresses..so much as a surrender of the approved and habitual forms of life. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xx. 386 Sacrifice..consists..in the perfect surrender of a perfect Will and Life. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 206 [The terms of peace] did not involve the surrender or driving out of the English exiles. 1911E. Beveridge North Uist iv. 58 Although offering surrender, all were slain.
b. Cards. In the game of ombre, the act of throwing up one's hand and paying one's forfeit to the pool instead of to an adversary.
1874H. H. Gibbs Ombre (1878) 32 Surrender was formerly not allowed in English play.
†3. An act of rendering (thanks). Obs. rare—1.
1594in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 283 To give to his temporal benefactors a sweet surrender of thanks.
▪ II. surrender, v.|səˈrɛndə(r)|
Also 5 sorendre, 6 surrendre, Sc. surrander.
[a. AF. surrender = OF. surrendre (13th c.), f. sur- sur- + rendre to render. The Anglo-L. equivalents were super-reddere (c 1400) and sursum reddere (13th c.).
In the retention of the inflexion of the AF. inf. this word follows render v.; cf. tender v.1]
1. Law.
a. trans. To give up (an estate) to one who has it in reversion or remainder; spec. to give up (a copyhold estate) to the lord of the manor, either by way of relinquishing it or of conveying it to another.
1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 348 Thomas Edmunde of Douercorte sorendryd into Iohn Sparre..alle the londe..that he hathe. 1544tr. Littleton's Tenures i. ix. 16 b, Yf he wyll alyen hys lande to another, him behoueth after some custome to surrendre the tenementes in some court &c into the lordes handes. 1606Munim. de Melros (Bann.) 658 To..surrander vpgeif and ouergeif All and haill þe maner place of Melrosse... In the handis of oure said souerane lord. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. 144 If I grant a lease to A for the term of three years, and after the expiration of the said term to B for six years, and A surrenders or forfeits his lease at the end of one year, B's interest shall immediately take effect. 1800Addison's Rep. 12 The award was..that a lease should be surrendered. 1875Digby Real Prop. (1876) 378 He may at common law surrender his estate to the remainderman or reversioner by simple deed.
absol.1628Coke On Litt. i. 59 Euerie Copiholder may surrender in Court and need not alleadge any custome therefore. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 54 If a person devises a copyhold for the benefit of persons of this kind, without surrendering to the use of his will. 1845Stephen Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) I. 524 The under-lessees (by refusing to surrender, in their turn, notwithstanding they had covenanted to do so).
b. To give up (letters patent, tithes) into the hands of the sovereign. (Cf. surrender n. 1 b.)
1473Rolls of Parlt. VI. 82/1 He to surrender uppe unto us his seid Letters Patentes. 1628Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 189/2 That all superiorities of Erections should be freely resigned and surrendered in his Majesties hands without any composition. 1662Hughes Abridgm. Law III. 1906/1 It was found..That G. did Surrender and Restore the said Letters Patents, in Chancery, to be cancelled.
c. refl. or intr. of a bankrupt: To appear in the bankruptcy court for examination.
1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4318/4 He being declared a Bankrupt, is required to surrender himself. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. 481 At the third meeting, at farthest,..the bankrupt..must surrender himself personally to the commissioners. 1825Act 6 Geo. IV, c. 16 §117 The Bankrupt shall be free from Arrest or Imprisonment by any Creditor in coming to surrender. 1845Polson in Encycl. Metrop. II. 835/1 If he fails..to surrender himself, and submit to be examined before the court, or upon examination does not discover all his..estate.
d. trans. Of a bail: To produce (the principal) in court at the appointed time. Also intr. or refl. of the principal, usually in phr. to surrender to one's bail.
1747Viner Abridgm. Law & Equity III. 499 An Action of Debt was brought on the Recognizance against the Bail,..and the Principal was surrender'd. Ibid., On a Suggestion that the Defendant had surrender'd himself in Discharge of his Bail. 1835Penny Cycl. III. 288/1 Unless they, the bail, pay the costs and money recovered for him, or surrender him to custody. 1848Act 11 & 12 Vict. c. 42 §23 Such Justice of the Peace may..admit such Person to Bail..and..shall take the Recognizance of the said accused Person and his Surety..that he will then surrender and take his Trial. 1883Law Times 29 Sept. 363/1 Magistrates should in all cases grant bail unless they have good reason to suppose that the prisoner will not surrender.
2. To give up (something) out of one's own possession or power into that of another who has or asserts a claim to it; to yield on demand or compulsion; esp. (Mil.) to give up the possession of (a fortress, town, territory, etc.) to an enemy or assailant. Also fig. Const. to.
Formerly also with up (now rare or obs.).
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xlii. (Percy Soc.) 207 The body..wyll not remember Howe erth to erth must his strength surrender. 1561T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer ii. (1577) L iij b, What offices has thou to surrender into my handes? quoth the Pope. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xix. 23 b, If they..did surrender the place he would exempt out of them two hundreth. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 45 Till he surrendred Realme and life to fate. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. iv. 81 One..More worthy this place then my selfe, to whom..I would surrender it. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 160 Though he have surrendred his Power to the Civill Law. a1700Evelyn Diary 26 May 1684, Luxembergh was surrendered to the French. 1782Cowper Friendship 117 Plebeians must surrender And yield so much to noble folk. 1784― Task vi. 102 Some to the fascination of a name Surrender judgment. 1832Brewster Nat. Magic xii. 299 The diamond and the gems have surrendered to science their adamantine strength. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. iii. (1872) 41 There are others, who..would surrender the conscience of each man to the conscience of the Church. 1874A. B. Davidson Introd. Hebr. Gram. 29 In words with the Art[icle] the weak he usually surrenders its vowel to the prep[osition] and disappears.
with up.c1590Marlowe Faustus iii, Say, he surrenders vp to him his soule. 1592Kyd Sp. Trag. iii. xii. 76 Ile make a pick-axe of my poniard, And heere surrender vp my Marshalship. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 394 They surrendred up this Manour unto King Henry the Eight. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 3 Ostend was surrendred up to Arch-Duke Albert. a1715Burnet Own Time (1823) II. 310 To surrender up some of those great jurisdictions over the Highlands that were in his family. a1774Harte Vision Death 256 Surrender up to me thy captive-breath.
b. More widely: To give up, resign, abandon, relinquish possession of, esp. in favour of or for the sake of another.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xx. (Percy Soc.) 96 Ryght so let wysdome your sorowe surrendre. 1565Harding Confutation iv. vii. 187 b, His sonne tooke vpon him forthwith the administration of the Empire,..would not surrender the state which he liked well. 1594Kyd Cornelia v. 463 Afterward..I will surrender my surcharged life. 1779Mirror No. 35, He must surrender his own character, and assume the hue of every company he enters. 1833H. Martineau Fr. Wines & Pol. iv. 62 Sounds reached her which gave her back a little of the hope which she had wholly surrendered. 1871R. W. Dale Commandm. x. 253 For those whom we love we gladly surrender our personal comfort and ease.
3. refl. To give oneself up into the power of another, esp. as a prisoner.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xix. 23 Fainte heartedlie to surrender themselues to the mercie of those, at whose hands was nothing to be looked for, but miserable seruitude. 1693Mem. Cnt. Teckely i. 82 That [sc. garrison] of Licowa surrendred it self the next day. 1760Cautions & Adv. Officers Army 30 The French fired all their Arms into the Air; then threw them down, and surrendered themselves Prisoners of War. 1823Scott Quentin D. xxiii, It is the banner of the Count of Crèvecœur,..to him I will surrender myself. 1828Lytton Pelham III. xix, His..desire to appease his mind, by surrendering himself to justice. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn lv, They were..informed that the Apostle..had thought it right to..surrender himself as a prisoner.
b. fig. To give oneself up to some influence, course of action, etc.; to abandon oneself or devote oneself entirely to.
1713Atterbury Serm. (1734) II. 48 Those..who do not surrender themselves up to the Methods it prescribes. 1833H. Martineau Manch. Strike viii. 88 We must surrender ourselves..to our duties.
4. intr. for refl. = 3; chiefly Mil. (said of a body of men, a town or fortress, etc.); also fig.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 286 b, Whan they had surrendred [orig. facta deditione]. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iv. i. 156 Fetch hither Richard, that in common view He may surrender. 1676Earl of Orrery in Essex Papers (Camden) 58, I lay before it [sc. Limerick]..untill the Plague and Famine made it surrender, we could not take it. 1691[see discretion 5 b]. a1721Prior Songs vi. 25 Nothing's proof against those eyes, Best resolves and strictest ties To their force must soon surrender. 1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. II. 239 The Commodore was determined that the place should surrender at discretion. 1845Disraeli Sybil vi. xii, ‘Surrender,’ said the commander of the yeomanry. ‘Resistance is useless.’ 1890Spectator 1 Nov. 595/1 They only sent fifteen hundred men, who accomplished nothing, and were finally compelled to surrender at discretion.
†5. To render, return (thanks, etc.). Obs.
1542Boorde Dyetary viii. E j, Surrendrynge thankes to hym for his manyfolde goodnes. 1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 125 To surrender their accustomed honor vsed yearely vnto the..mistresse. 1588Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 180 They had surrendred vnto him thankes. Ibid. 195 Hee tooke his leaue of vs with great friendship and curtesie: who did surrender the same after our custome.
Hence suˈrrendered |-əd| ppl. a., suˈrrendering vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1648(title), The Demands..of The Earle of Norwich..to Generall Fairfax, concerning the surrendering of the said City. 1711in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 174 Articles of agreement for the surrendering of Lymerick. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. v. vi, The Hôtel de Ville ‘invites’ him to admit National Soldiers, which is a soft name for surrendering. 1876Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. ii. 119 Dante..believed that..his [sc. the Lord's] kingdom would be established in the surrendered will. 1901Westm. Gaz. 20 May 7/1 Parties of the latter returned into the town and searched the place for surrendering burghers. 1911Sir H. Craik Life Clarendon I. xii. 323 Fairfax..had..accepted the others as surrendered prisoners. |