释义 |
▪ I. surmise, n.|sɜːˈmaɪz, ˈsɜːmaɪz| Also 5–6 -myse, (6 -mies, 7 Anglo-Ir. -mishe), 6–8 -mize. [a. AF., OF. surmise, vbl. n. f. surmettre: see next.] †1. Law. A formal allegation or information; spec. in Eccl. Law, the allegation in the libel. Obs.
1451Rolls of Parlt. V. 218/2 That averment..may be hadde..for every partie..to have or enjoye any of the premisses, by theire surmyse that the seid Londes..were yeven or graunted for other Londes [etc.]. 1455Ibid. 334/1 That al suche persones..uppon whom any suche surmyse is made, so that it be thought by the Justicez..afore whome suche surmyses is hadde, that suche surmyse is trewe and not doon of malice, remayne and abyde yn youre prisone. 1481Cov. Leet Bk. 473 A surmyse made to my lorde prynce of diuerse Iniuryes don by hym & oþer persones. 1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 327/1 The said John Calcote the Fader, by an untrue surmyse made unto King Edward the fourth..was appeched of high Treason. 1534Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 317 That the seid henry..exhybyt one other byll of surmyse for the premyssez in to the kynges Courte of Chauncery. 1595Expos. Terms Law s.v. Ley, In cases of secrecie where the plaintife cannot proue the surmise of his suit by any deed or open acte. 1713Gibson Codex 1071/2 Prohibition may be granted upon a Collateral Surmise: That is, upon a Surmise of some Fact or Matter not appearing in the Libel. †2. An allegation, charge, imputation; esp. a false, unfounded, or unproved charge or allegation. Obs. (in later use merged in 4).
1531Elyot Gov. ii. xi, In them that be constante is neuer mistrust or suspition, nor any surmise or iuell reporte can withdrawe then from their affection. c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 38 After being reserved ix. monthes for that cause, and her surmise founde false, she was burned. 1563Homilies ii. Almsdeeds iii. (1640) 166 It is the crafty surmize of the divell to perswade us it. 1577Harrison England ii. xi. [xviii.] (1877) i. 296 They wage one poore man or other, to become a bodger, and thereto get him a licence vpon some forged surmise. 1582T. Cartwright in Nicolas Mem. Sir C. Hatton (1847) 304 The slanderous surmise of my disloyalty to her Majesty's estate. 1600Holland Livy xxviii. xl. 699, I shall incurre the sinister opinion and surmise of two things. a1660Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archæol. Soc.) II. 180 The subdellegation of the provinciall councell of Vlster by the surmishes of My Lord Primat. 3. (A) suspicion. Obs. or merged in 4.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xx. (Percy Soc.) 94 Demeane you so that in no wyse No man perceyve of your love surmyse. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 105 Without any surmise or suspect had of his part of any such kind of deceipt. 1643Milton Divorce 16 Let him not put her away for the meer surmise of Judaicall uncleannes. 1719Young Busiris iv. i, Was ever man thus left to dreadful thought, And all the horrors of a black surmise! 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxx, There was something so extraordinary in her being at this castle,..that a very painful surmise arose concerning her character. [1862Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. iv. 62, I never even have heard a surmise against the purity of members.] †b. A ‘suspicion’, slight trace (of something).
1586A. Day Engl. Secretorie i. (1625) 141 So much as any surmize of that whereof I haue beene thereby aduertised. 1595Daniel Civ. Wars iii. lviii, Glad to finde the least surmise of rest. 1736Col. Rec. Pennsylv. IV. 141 Avoid every Surmise of acting otherwise than the most dutiful Subjects. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. ii. vii, Some faintest ineffectual surmise of mercy. 4. An idea formed in the mind (and, often, expressed) that something may be true, but without certainty and on very slight evidence, or with no evidence; a conjecture.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. viii. §3 Surmises and sleight probabilities will not serue. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. i. 5 The rest, as his giving name to the Ile or ever landing heer, depends altogether upon late surmises. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. xiii. 270 This appeared, by the event, to be an ill⁓grounded surmise. 1817Keats Sonn., Chapman's Homer 13 All his men Look'd at each other with a wild surmise. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xiii. 296 Another early surmise was..that the glacier slid along its bed. 1878Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue v. Postscr. (1879) 253 Horne Tooke was, I believe, the first to throw out this surmise. b. in generalized use.
1590H. R. Defiance to Fortune G 4, He was not assured whether he spake vpon surmise, or that he had some secret knowledge of his loue to Susania. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. iii. 23 Coniecture, Expectation, and Surmise Of Aydes incertaine, should not be admitted. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. ii. 486 Suspicions, and Fantastical Surmise. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India v. iv. II. 453 Allegations which, if they had general surmise..in their favour, were unsupported by particular facts. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 262 The knowledge that I am, and, since I am, can recognize What to me is pain and pleasure: this is sure, the rest—surmise. 1912Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 821 Surmise has often to supply the lack of knowledge. †5. The formation of an idea in the mind; conception, imagination. Obs.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvii. (1612) 180 That Vermen that hath reason, and his owne defects espies, Doth seeme to haue a soule, at least doth thriue by such surmies. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1579 Being from the feeling of her own griefe brought, By deep surmise of others detriment. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxv. §15 Pretending that the crosse..is not by them apprehended alone, but hath in their secret surmise or conceipt a reference to the person of our Lord Iesus Christ. 1637Milton Lycidas 153 For so to interpose a little ease, Let our frail thoughts dally with false surmise. ▪ II. surmise, v.|sɜːˈmaɪz| Also 5–6 surmyse, (5 sirmyse, sormyse, 6 sormise), 6–7 surmyze, 6–8 surmize. [f. AF., OF. surmis-e, pa. pple. of surmettre to accuse: see surmit and cf. prec. and surprise v.] †1. trans. To put upon some one as a charge or accusation; to charge on or upon, allege against a person; spec. in Law, to submit as a charge or information, allege formally. Obs.
c1400Beryn 3665 His owne fawte, & his owne wrong, On beryn he hath surmysid. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 5 Humfrey Haward and other aldermen were arested, and treasoune surmysed uppon them. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 98 Care not what ony persone sayth, suspecteth, surmiseth, whyspereth or rowneth of y⊇ here in erth. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 59 b, The straungiers..surmysed a complaynt againste the poore carpenter. a1557M. Basset tr. More's Treat. Passion M.'s Wks. 1354/1 That he should..haue heynous crimes surmysed against him. †b. const. clause or acc. and inf.
1467–8in Oxf. Stud. Soc. & Legal Hist. (1914) IV. 217 Where it is surmysed by the seid bill that the seid William [etc.]. 1480Cov. Leet Bk. 439 These be þe names of the ffeldes þat þe seid Laurens surmysed shuld be Comien þat were kept seuerell. 1495P. Warbeck Declar. in Bacon Hen. VII (1622) 151 My mortall Enemie hath..falsely surmised mee to bee a fayned Person, giuing mee Nick-names. 1509–10Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 4 Preamble, Enditementes for offenses surmysed to be doone contrarye to the same Statutes. c1589in Horsey's Trav. (Hakl. Soc.) App. 318 Hierom Horssey and one Anthony Marshe surmised to the Counsaill that the agent had written treason against the State. †c. after as.
1464Cov. Leet Bk. 323 We..maruayllyng gretely..of your suffrance..yf it be as is surmysid. 1528More Dyaloge i. Wks. 110/1 Thinkinge..that..Luther saied not so euyll as is surmised vpon him. 1565Jewel Repl. Harding i. 4 Neyther dooe wee refuse your fantasies bicause they be Catholike, as you surmise. 1623in N. Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1885) 507 As in the said Bill is falsely surmised. †d. absol. To make allegations.
1528Roy Rede me (Arb.) 32 Wherfor agaynst vs they will nowe surmyse Seynge that gone is the masse. †e. pregnantly. To allege falsely or groundlessly. Obs.
1477Hen. VII in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 20 The grete malice..as she shewed lately in sending hider of a fayned boye, surmising him to have been the son of the Duc of Clarence. 1530in W. H. Turner Sel. Rec. Oxford (1880) 88 M. Burton saithe the article is surmysed and nothyng trew. † f. To accuse, charge (a person) with. Obs. rare—1.
a1485Fortescue Wks. (1869) 499 Sir James of Audeley..which was surmised with the gettinge of the said Phillipe. †g. ? To impugn. Obs. rare—1.
1609A. Hume Admon. Wks. (S.T.S.) 180 Persuading them that it wes the..defence of treu religioun (then surmysed by the Earles of Huntlie, Errol, and Angous) that he intended. †2. To devise, plan, contrive, esp. falsely or maliciously. Chiefly const. inf. Obs.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. (Percy Soc.) 3 As was the guyse..Of the poetes olde, a tale to surmyse, To cloke the truthe of their infirmitie. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. xxvii. 14 They surmise against me still false witnesse to depose. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 152 The Jewis did..euer mair surmyse, With vnkyndnes to keill me. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 198 All I surmise Is shrewdly stopt. †3. To suppose, imagine (that a thing is so); to expect. Obs.
1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 104 Alexander..all the worlde subdued as I surmise. 1572Act 14 Eliz. c. 12 §2 The said Acte hathe not..brought the good Effecte that then was hoped and surmysed. 1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 135, I..thinke it meere folly for a man to breake hys necke wilfullye, surmising happily to please his maistresse therby. 1624Quarles Job Poems (1717) 187, I'm scorned of my Friends, whose prosp'rous state Surmises me..to be cast away From Heaven's regard. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 340 Surmise not then His presence to these narrow bounds confin'd Of Paradise or Eden. 1725Pope Odyss. iv. 995 'Tis impious to surmize, the pow'rs divine To ruin doom the Jove-descended line. †b. To form an idea of, conceive, imagine. Also absol. Obs.
1586A. Day Engl. Secretorie i. (1625) 43 It is incredible to thinke, and vnpossible to bee surmised..how detestable hath beene the originall progression..of his most wicked..life. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 347 So get thee gone, that I may know my greefe, 'Tis but surmiz'd, whiles thou art standing by. 1602― Ham. ii. ii. 108, I haue a daughter..Who in her Dutie and Obedience, marke, Hath giuen me this: now gather, and surmise. †4. To suspect. Obs.
1571Campion Hist. Irel. ii. ix. (1633) 108 Him they surmized to keepe a Kalender of all their doings. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 236 If this discourse makes any surmise that we did some things against our conscience while wee liued in this Monastery. b. To give an inkling of, hint. rare—1.
1820Ranken Hist. France VIII. i. vi. 250 There were state secrets which he never surmised to them. 5. To form a notion that the thing in question may be so, on slight grounds or without proof; to infer conjecturally. Const. obj. cl. or simple obj.
1700Dryden Sigismonda & Guisc. 171 What Thoughts he had beseems not me to say, Though some surmise he went to fast and pray. 1768H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 59 Such omissions cannot but induce us to surmise that Henry had never been certain of the deaths of the princes. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India v. viii. II. 629 The Governor-General surmised a circumstance, which always seems to have animated him to peculiar severity. 1835I. Taylor Spir. Despot. iii. 94 Whatever the Jewish nation might surmise or know concerning a future life. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. xvii. 83 Is it going too far to surmise that during William's Lenten pilgrimage to Caen, it was fully arranged who should be the next to fill the throne of Augustine? b. absol. or intr.
1820Keats Cap & Bells vii, Show him a garden, and with speed no less, He'll surmise sagely of a dwelling house. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 160 Can I know, who but surmise? 1906B. Harraden Scholar's Dau. xi. 220 We were only surmising. It was stupid of me to begin it. †6. ? To take up into itself. Obs. rare—1.
1578Banister Hist. Man v. 70 This coate [of the ventricle] first receiueth and surmiseth, all the Veynes, Arteries, and sinewes that are reached to the ventricle. |