| 释义 |
▪ I. † suˈpplant, n. Obs. rare.
[f. next.]
= supplantation.
1390Gower Conf. I. 239 Supplant with his slyhe cast Fulofte happneth forto mowe Thing which an other man hath sowe. Ibid. 258 This Bonefas, which can noght hyde The tricherie of his Supplant.
▪ II. supplant, v.|səˈplɑːnt, -æ-|
Also 4–5 supplaunt(e, 4–7 -plante, 7 suplant. See also subplant.
[a. OF. supplanter (= It. soppiantare, Sp. suplantar, Pg. supplantar), or ad. L. supplantāre to trip up, overthrow, f. sup- = sub- 26 + planta sole of the foot, plant n.2]
†1. trans. To trip up, cause to stumble or fall by tripping. Obs. rare.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxxvi. 33 [xxxvii. 31] His gangyngis sall not be supplantid [Vulg. non supplantabuntur gressus eius]. Ibid. cxxxix. [cxl.] 5 Þe whilke thoght forto supplant my gatis. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Supplant, to trip, or ouerthrowe with the feet. 1667Milton P.L. x. 513 His Armes clung to his Ribs, his Leggs entwining Each other, till supplanted down he fell A monstrous Serpent.
b. To throw down, overturn. rare.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. v, He..has to straddle out his legs, lest the very wind supplant him.
†2. fig. To cause to fall from a position of power, superiority, or virtue; to cause the downfall of, bring low. Obs.
a1340Hampole Psalter xvi. 14 [xvii. 13] Rise lord, bifor cum him and supplant him. 1445in Anglia XXVIII. 269 Lechery the dowsett syn..coude nat the supplante. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 46 Oure lord jhesu Supplanted the devyl oure ruggyd enmy. 1522More De quat. Noviss. Wks. 85/1 He set vpon our fyrst parentes in paradyse, and by pride supplanted them. c1610Women Saints 81 The diuell enuying these her vertuous studies, thought to supplant her. 1629Massinger Picture ii. ii, To suplant her ile imploy..Two noted courtiers of approued cunning In all the windings of lusts labirinthe. 1780Cowper Progr. Err. 59 Nor these alone..Seek to supplant his inexperienc'd youth.
†b. To bring to nought, upset (a design, etc.).
1382Wyclif Job viii. 3 Whether God supplauntith dom, and the Almyȝti turneth vpso doun, that is riȝtwis? a1677Barrow Serm. Rom. xi. 33 Wks. 1686 III. 257 Doth it not supplant his own designs, and unravel all that he for so many ages hath been doing?
3. To dispossess and take the place of (another), esp. by treacherous or dishonourable means. Also absol. † Const. of or from (a possession).
a1300[implied in supplanter 1]. 1382Wyclif Jer. ix. 4 Eche brother supplauntende shal supplaunte, and eche frend gilendely shal go. 1390Gower Conf. I. 242 Agamenon Supplantede the worthi knyht Achilles of that swete wiht, Which named was Brexeida. Ibid. 243 Amphitrion him hath supplanted With sleyhte of love. c1430Freemasonry 203 Ther schal no mayster supplante other. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 436 Lest he for his synguler auauntage wolde supplant hym of that erledam. 1529in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. xiv. 256 marg., No man to supplant Another yn taking from hym his Cure. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. iii. 70 You three From Millaine did supplant good Prospero. 1656in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 4, I am not without fear that you may supplant me in hir favor. 1731Bp. T. Wilson in Keble Life (1863) xxii. 759 He most unworthily supplanted and turned out the worthy Curate..out of his own cure of souls. 1838Lytton Calderon i. 63 It became the object of his life to supplant his father. 1858Longfellow M. Standish iv. 76 You have betrayed me! Me, Miles Standish, your friend! have supplanted, defrauded, betrayed me!
b. transf. (Cf. 6.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxvii[i]. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 234 b/1 Þe left þt is wiþ þe grape schal not be remeued..but þe oþer leues þat beþ ferre, for þese leues scholde supplante þe grapes.
†c. To get or take by supplantation. Obs. rare.
1484Caxton Curiall 4 b, And after..another newe one cometh to the court and shal supplante thy benediction.
†4. To take up by the roots; to root out, uproot (a plant or something likened thereto). Often in fig. context in association with plant n.1 or plant v. Obs.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 238 The Normans..laboured by all means to supplant the English [language], and to plant their owne language amongst us. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 71 The tre supplanted, that first fro the roote seat is haled. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 447 Dissemble all your griefes and discontents, You are but newly planted in your Throne, Least then the people..supplant vs for ingratitude. 1610― Temp. iii. ii. 56 Trinculo, if you trouble him any more in's tale, By this hand, I will supplant some of your teeth. 1624Darcie Birth of Heresies To Rdr., Weedes, the which if they be not carefully and dayly supplanted, will soone ouergrow the good plants. 1631R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. xv. (1635) 79 Like a staffe stucke lightly in the ground, which every..blast of wind [may] supplant, and overthrow. 1644Quarles Barnabas & B. 326 Foxes destroy it [sc. a vineyard], and the wild boar supplants it.
5. To remove from its position, get rid of, oust; occas. to replace or supersede by something else. Now rare.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 67, I suppose that al your sorrow cannot with such facilitie be supplanted, but that a few sparkles wil remaine. 1603Owen Pembrokeshire iii. (1892) 37 The Conqueror haueinge purpose to Supplante the Englishe nation out of England. 1604Drayton Owle 614 Supplant the Alpes, and lay them smooth and plaine. 1624Capt. J. Smith Virginia iv. 106 This in ten daies more, would haue supplanted vs all with death. 1784Cowper Task i. 609 War follow'd for revenge, or to supplant The envied tenants of some happier spot. 1819Earl of Lauderdale Publ. Wealth 347 The habits of a man possessed of small fortune..naturally suggest the desire of supplanting the labour he performs. 1862Spencer First Princ. i. v. §32. (1875) 117 To supplant them by higher ones..is to set up vague and uninfluential motives for definite and influential ones.
6. Chiefly of things: To take the place of, succeed to the position of, supersede.
1671Trenchfield Cap Gray Hairs (1688) 18 'Tis no hard matter for the talk of Religion, to supplant the practice of it. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 34 These pantomimes will very soon supplant all poetry. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, II. xii. 311 The genius of commerce was fast supplanting that nobler spirit which had made them a nation. 1857Toulmin Smith Parish 100 Fresh Churchwardens can sue those whom they have supplanted. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. xvii. 93 The minster, which has been wholly supplanted by work of later date.
†7. (See quots.) Obs.
1601Holland Pliny xvii. xxiii. I. 537 Yet is there one manner besides of planting & maintaining Vines..: namely to supplant, that is, lay along upon the ground the whole stocke or maine bodie of a Vine. 1656Blount Glossogr., Supplant (supplanto, a sub et planto), to plant underneath, to under-plant and set up a thing bending to the ground.
Hence suˈpplanted ppl. a.
1671Milton P.R. iv. 607 Now thou hast aveng'd Supplanted Adam. 1894Nature's Method in Evol. Life iv. 55 Either..the supplanter is of a higher grade, or..the conditions of existence have become less favourable for the supplanted. |