| 释义 |
supervisor|s(j)uːpəˈvaɪzə(r), ˈs(j)uːpəvaɪzə(r)|
Also 5–6 -vysour, 5–7 -visour, 7 -viser.
[ad. med.L. supervīsor, f. supervīs- (see supervise). Cf. OF. superviseur (16th c.).]
One who supervises.
1. A person who exercises general direction or control over a business, a body of workmen, etc.; one who inspects and directs the work of others.
Supervisor of the Excise: an officer who supervised and inspected the books, etc. of the inferior officers of the department.
1454in H. Anstey Epist. Acad. Oxon. (O.H.S.) I. 326 William Churche, supervisor of þe werks of þe sayd scollis. c1520Skelton Magnyf. 1808 And here I make the vpon Lyberte To be superuysour. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 132 Him he sets not as a suruayour and ouerseer of his manors, but a superuisour of hys childrens conditions and manners. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxi. 212 Bishop Andrews ever placed the picture of Mulcaster his Schoolmaster over the doore of his study..as to be his Tutour and Supervisour. 1667in Pettus Fodinæ Reg. (1670) 38 A Supervisor of the Mills and Works. 1689Lond. Gaz. No. 2428/4 Captain Robert Bathurst, Collector, and John Gilloway, Supervisor, of Excise. 1771Burke Let. to R. Shackleton 31 July, Mr. Vansittart, and Mr. Ford, and Scraften, were the only supervisors for the company on board the unfortunate Aurora. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 123 The sole supervisor of all the edifices of the Peninsula. 1883in A. J. Adderley Fisheries Bahamas 50 Mr. Gregor Buccich, a telegraph supervisor, in the island of Lesina, in Dalmatia. 1884Manch. Exam. 6 Dec. 5/5 Mr. Constantine, supervisor of excise, seized the plant [of an illicit still].
†b. A person appointed by a testator to supervise the executors of the will; = overseer n. 1 b.
1456Paston Lett. I. 372 The said bille to be put up to the Kyng, whiche is chief supervisor of my said Lordis testament. 1496in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 340, I make John Fitziames the yonger supervysour and I bequethe to him for his laboure 10 s. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 56 Other famous and godly men (as superuisours of his testamente). 1583–93Greene Mamillia ii. Wks. (Grosart) II. 240 For the performance of my will, I leaue the whole Senate as superuisors. 1637Wotton in Reliq. (1672) 54, I do pray the foresaid Dr. Bargrave, and Mr. Nicholas Pey, together with Mr. John Harrison..to be Supervisors of this my last Will and Testament. 1672Cowell's Interpr. s.v., It was anciently, and still is a Custom among some, especially of the better sort, to make a Supervisor of a Will, but it is to little purpose. 1719D'Urfey Pills V. 270 Time..do I make The Supervisor of my Will. 1767Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 2) IV. 97 marg., Supervisors [text, Overseers of a will].
c. An inspector of highways; now only U.S. a road-master on a railway.
1555Act 2 & 3 Ph. & M. c. 8 §1 Yf the Cariages..shall not be thought nedefull by the Supervisors to bee occupyed upon any of the said days. 1755Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. s.v., Supervisor formerly was used for surveyor of the highways. 1868Road supervisor [see road n. 10 b]. 1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 65 He is often assisted by..a master carpenter, master mason, and track-supervisors, the latter having charge of the track on a sub-division of the line.
†d. A keeper or curator. Obs. rare.
1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 431 Cosmo the great Duke of Tuscany..made him Supervisor of his Medals.
e. In some of the United States, An elected officer, or one of a board of such officers, charged with the administration of a township. (Cf. selectman.)
1882A. Shaw in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 491 The supervisor is both a town and a county officer. He is general manager of town business, and is also a member of the County Board, which is composed of the supervisors of the several towns.
†2. An onlooker, spectator, observer. Obs.
1604Shakes. Oth. iii. iii. 395 (Qo. 1) Would you the supervisor, grossly gape on? 1610Histrio-m. ii. 234 These admirable wits of Italy..Are curious supervisours over strangers.
3. One who reads over, esp. for the purpose of correction; a reviser. Now rare or Obs.
1624Bedell Lett. vi. 101 The Superuisors..of the Canon Law,..acknowledge, that..this sentence is not found. 1687Dryden Hind & P. Pref. p. iii, I am now inform'd both of the Author and Supervisers of his Pamphlet. 1732Bentley Milton's P.L. Pref. a iij, That Edition is without Faults; because He [sc. Milton]..had chang'd his old Printer and Supervisor. 1808W. Wilson Hist. Diss. Ch. I. 44 Archbishop Bancroft, who was supervisor of the present translation, altered it in fourteen places. 1881N.T. (Rev. Vers.) Pref. 8 These supervisors [of the 1611 version] are said by one authority to have been six in number, and by another twelve.
Add: [c indigo][1.] f.[/c] At the University of Cambridge: one appointed to give tutorial instruction to an undergraduate student, a tutor. More widely, one who directs and oversees the work of a postgraduate research student.
1923Ordinances Univ. Cambr. 208 It is not suggested that the same constant touch should be maintained between the Supervisor and his Research Student as generally exists between a Director of Studies and his undergraduate pupils. 1927Granta 27 May 460/1 I went to a lecture, but after a quarter of an hour I found myself being carried out by a couple of porters. At 12 o'clock I went to my supervisor. 1934S. C. Roberts Introd. Cambr. iii. 68 While the additional lecturers and supervisors take no part in the government of the college, they are frequently invited to share its social amenities. 1946Granta 8 Mar. 9/2 How happier far to dance and drink And cut their supervisor's lecture! 1962Cambr. Univ. Reporter 13 Mar. 1089 Many Colleges find great difficulty in getting enough suitably qualified Supervisors. 1974Physics Bull. Mar. 87/3 The second candidate had a 2(ii) honours degree, having (according to her supervisors) only narrowly missed a 2(i). 1985P. Roazen Helene Deutsch xiv. 248 Helene was acutely aware of student needs as well as the evaluative task of a supervisor.
4. Computing. A computer program that controls the execution of other programs and the allocation of resources; = operating system s.v. operating vbl. n. b.
[1956Proc. Western Joint Computer Conf. 21 (heading) An automatic supervisor for the IBM 702.] 1964Discovery Oct. 51/2 In this machine, the operator does not control the programme directly but acts through an intermediary, a control programme usually called the ‘Supervisor’ or ‘Director’. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing ix. 128 The supervisor program belongs to what are called the system programs of a computer system. 1980C. S. French Computer Sci. xxviii. 246 The resultant interrupt causes an immediate exit from the program to the supervisor. 1984Austral. Personal Computer Feb. 9/2 To run more than one program in the same machine, you need a sophisticated supervisor. |