| 释义 |
▪ I. doom, n.|duːm|
Forms: 1 dóm, 2–5 dom, 3–7 dome, 4–7 doome, (4 dum, Sc. dowme, 5 Sc. doym, 7 dombe), 4– doom.
[Com. Teut. n.: OE. dóm—OFris., OS. dóm, OHG., MHG. tuom, ON. dómr (Sw., Da. dom), Goth. dom-s:—O.Teut. *dômo-z, lit. that which is put or set up, statute, ordinance, f. dô-n to place, set: see do v. (Cf. Gr. θέµις, f. stem θη- to place, L. statūtum, f. statuĕre.) Used as suffix in the form -dom.]
1. A statute, law, enactment; gen. an ordinance, decree. Obs. exc. Hist.
c825Vesp. Psalter ix. 26 Bioð afirred domas ðine from onsiene his. c1000ælfric Exod. xxi. 1 Þis synd þa domas þe þu him tæcan scealt. a1340Hampole Psalter xiii. 1 Þai þat haf forgeten God and his domes. 1513Douglas æneis i. viii. 24 The domes of law pronuncis sche to thame then. 1669Dryden Tyrannic Love i. i, I have consulted one, who reads Heav'n's Doom. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. xii. 220 He revised the whole code of Anglo-Saxon law, and compiled a new book of dooms. 1874Green Short Hist. iv. §4. 191 The first Dooms of London provide especially for the recovery of cattle.
2. A judgement or decision, esp. one formally pronounced; a sentence; mostly in adverse sense, condemnation, sentence of punishment.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. iv. v. (1891) 278 Seon heo beᵹen biscopes dome scyldiᵹe. c1175Lamb. Hom. 103 Ufele ȝitsunge..macað reaflac and unrihte domes. c1205Lay. 4271 He sculde dom þolien. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 27 Whan ich deme domes. Þen is racio my riȝt name. 1467Nottingham Rec. II. 380 To obey, fulfille and perfourme the dome, ordenance and award of vs. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. v. 16 Then was that golden belt by doome of all Graunted to her. 1641Smectymnuus Answ. (1653) Post. 87 Thurstan refusing to stand to the Kings doom. 1709Tatler No. 42 ⁋5 O! Partial Judge, Thy Doom has me undone. 1808Scott Marm. iii. Introd., Whose doom discording neighbours sought. 1888Max Müller Nat. Relig. vii. (1889) 173 They were not laws in our sense of the word but dooms, decisions.
†3. Personal or private judgement, opinion. as to my doom: in my opinion. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 4582 (Cott.) O þis ioseph sai me þi dome, And giue me þar-of god consail. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. Prol. 49 As to my doom Thou art a maister whan thou art at hoom. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. i. 314 Ye may weel suppose in yovre owen dome. c1450Merlin 387 Yef he and the other ne hadde not returned..by my dom, ther hadde not ascaped the halvendell. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. x. 21 The which did seeme, unto my simple doome, The onely pleasant and delightfull place. 1624Wotton Archit. in Reliq. (1672) 67 The Age of the work upon which he must pass his Doom.
†b. The faculty of judging; judgement, discrimination, discernment. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. pr. ii. 152 It haþ doom by whiche it discerniþ and demiþ euery þing. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) ii. vi. 115/1 He must haue with hym dome, that is a good and a dyscrete auysement, er he swere. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 565 With..unerring Doom, He sees what is, and was, and is to come.
4. Fate, lot, irrevocable destiny. (Usually of adverse fate; rarely in good sense.)
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 203 Lo þy dom is þe dyȝt, for þy dedes ille! 1375Barbour Bruce i. 235 The angyr, na the wrechyt dome, That is cowplyt to foule thyrldome. c1400Destr. Troy 7123 Þurgh domys of destany dreuyt to noght. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. iv. 217 All vnauoyded is the doome of Destiny. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 111 And Age, and Death's inexorable Doom. 1725Pope Odyss. iv. 289 Such, happy Nestor! was thy glorious doom. 1855Kingsley Heroes i. (1868) 7 A stranger, whom a cruel doom has driven to your land.
b. Final fate, destruction, ruin, death.
c1600Shakes. Sonn. xiv. 14 Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date. 1725N. Robinson Th. Physick 244 The Patient must fall in the Conflict, and owe his Doom..to the too rigid Rashness of his Physician. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxii. 157 Irresistible dynamic energy, which moved them [glaciers] to their doom. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §5. 323 Both the Cardinal and his enemies knew that the minister's doom was sealed.
5. The action or process of judging (as in a court of law); judgement, trial. arch.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John xii. 31 Nu is dom middan⁓geordes. a1200Moral Ode 169 [167] Þe dom sal ben sone idon, ne last hit nowiht longe. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5112 Als domesman to sit in dome. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 2194 Thai ledde hym arely fro thens to pilates dome. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iv. 105 Hangit syne but dome. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 817 Therefore to mee thir doom he hath assign'd. 1850Kingsley Alt. Locke, Song 17 The Judge is set, the doom begun!
6. The last or great Judgement at the end of the world; also, a pictorial representation of this. arch. (Now chiefly in phr. crack of doom.)
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 69 Þenche we ure giltes er þe dom cume. 1393Gower Conf. I. 97 He shall for the dome finall Yef his answere. c1400Mandeville (1839) x. 114 The Doom schalle ben on Estre Day, suche tyme as our Lord aroos. 1529More Dyaloge ii. Wks. 180/1, I speke of Christes..comming to the dreadfull dome. 1605Shakes. Macb. iv. i. 117 What will the Line stretch out to' th' cracke of Doome? a1800Cowper Heroism 11 On a day, like that of the last doom. 1848R. I. Wilberforce Incarn. our Lord ix. (1852) 204 When all nations shall behold Him at the crack of doom. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 323 The..hobgoblins of mediæval dooms.
7. day of doom: the day of judgement: see day n. 8 b, and doomsday.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2600 Our last day þat sal falle, Our day of dome we may calle. a1400–50Alexander 1095 So sall to þe day of dome þi dedis be remembrid. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 302 What answere shall ye make to your lorde at y⊇ daye of dome? 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. vi. 19 The great scrutiny for faith in the day of doom. 1735Pope Donne Sat. iv. 161 In sure succession to the day of doom. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 331 Who, if a hail-storm passes over the village, thinks the day of doom is come.
†b. transf. The last day of one's life; the fatal day. Obs. (Cf. 4 b.)
1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. iii. 42. 1593 ― Rich. II, iii. ii. 189. 1593 ― 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 93 Ile throw thy body in another roome, And Triumph Henry, in thy day of Doome.
†8. Justice; equity; righteousness. Cf. judgement. Obs. (Chiefly in versions of Scripture, or allusions thereto.)
c825Vesp. Psalter xcvi. 2 Hire rehtwisnis and dom ᵹerecenis seldes his. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 23 Ge forleton þa þing þe synt hefeᵹran þære æ, dom, and mildheortnysse and ᵹeleafan. 1382Wyclif Prov. xxi. 3 To do mercy and dom, more pleseth to the Lord, than sacrifices of victorie. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋518 Thou schalt swere in trouthe, in doom, and in rightwisnesse. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) I. 458/1 David in the Sauter saith; Blessed beth they that done dome and rightfulness.
†9. Power or authority to judge; gen. power, authority. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. John v. 22 Ne se fæder ne demð nanum menn. Ac he sealde ælcne dom þam suna. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 100 To haf þam at his dome. 13..K. Alis. 2606 He sent messangers..to al that weore at his dome. 1382Wyclif John v. 22 Neither the fader iugeth ony man, but hath ȝouun al the dom to the sone.
†10. A judge. Obs. rare.
Perh. an error of transcription for deme.
13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 627 Þer haunted til her hous..Two domus of þat lawe. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 162 Primate and chefe dome of cristen men.
11. attrib. (mostly arch. or Obs.) as doom-giving, doom-hall, doom-place, doom-storm, doom-word, etc.; doom-laden adj. † doom-house, a judgement-hall; doom-ring (Archæol.), a ring of stones forming the boundary of the old Norse courts of judgement; † doom-settle, † -stool, judgement-seat; † doom-stead, place of judgement; doom-tree, a tree on which the condemned were hanged.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 329 At the *dome-ȝeuynge.
1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 293 Then gat he to the *doom-hall of the town..And judged the people.
c1000Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 145/12 Curia, *domhus. c1440Promp. Parv. 126/2 Dome howse, pretorium.
1938Times 24 Mar., Mr. Gennadi Rozhdestvensky gave this *doom-laden symphony its full eloquence.
1382Wyclif Acts xxv. 10 At the *dom place of Cesar I stonde.
18..Whittier King Volmer & Elsie i, Over heathen *doom-rings and gray stones of the Horg. 1893S. O. Addy Hall of Waltheof 33 The circle near the Bar Dike may have been a doom-ring.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 19 He sæt þa pilatus on his *dom-setle. a1225Juliana 55 Com..biuore þe reue as he set on his dom seotle.
1876Athenæum 8 July 48 That way to the *doomstead thrones The Aesir ride each day.
a1225Ancr. R. 306 Let skile sitten ase demare upon þe *dom stol.
1837Lockhart Scott ii, Elibank's *‘doomtree’ extended its broad arms close to the gates of his fortress.
Add:[4.] [a.] doom and gloom: see *gloom n.1 3 b.
▪ II. doom, v.|duːm|
Also 5–6 dome, 6 Sc. dume, 6–7 doome.
[f. doom n.]
1. trans. To pronounce judgement or sentence upon; to judge. Obs. or arch. exc. as in 2.
c1450(MSS. c1600) Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) xxi. 354 The general Resurrection..when Christ is bowne to Dome both good and evill. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 29 The goodys and catels of alle hem that before hem be domed. 1533Gau Richt Vay (1888) 15 They quhilk..Iugis or dwmis oders wranguslie. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. v. xlvi. 58 There the equall Judge..dooms each voice aright. 1813Byron Br. Abydos ii. xxi, No deed they've done, nor deed shall do, Ere I have heard and doom'd it too.
†b. with complement: To pronounce or deem.
1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 156 Time's use was doom'd a pleasure; waste, a pain.
2. To pronounce judgement or sentence against; esp. to condemn to some fate.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 47 Tribunes with their tongues doome men to death. 1593― Rich. II, v. i. 4 Cæsars..Tower: To whose flint Bosome, my condemned Lord Is doom'd a Prisoner, by prowd Bullingbrooke. 1645Milton Colast. (1851) 372 He dooms it as contrary to Truth. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 197 An act was passed which doomed him to perpetual exile. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 189 A decree which doomed to destruction..a whole city.
3. To destine or consign to some adverse fate or lot; also sometimes in neutral sense, to any fate, good or ill. pa. pple. Destined, fated.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. v. 10, I am thy Fathers Spirit, Doom'd for a certaine terme to walke the night. 1733Pope Ess. Man iii. 65 He..feasts the animal he dooms his feast. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. xii. 255 You have doomed me to a life of cares. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 19 Our hopes were doomed to disappointment. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid i. 20 A nation..Doomed in the future ages her Tyrian towers to destroy.
4. U.S. (local): see quots.
1816J. Pickering Voc. U.S. s.v., When a person neglects to make a return of his taxable property to the assessors of a town, those officers doom him; that is, judge upon, and fix his tax according to their discretion. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. ii. xliii. 133 note, In New York..if a person makes no return the assessors are instructed to ‘doom’ him according to the best of their knowledge and belief.
5. To decree; to pronounce or fix as a sentence or fate; to destine; to adjudge. (With simple obj. or obj. clause.)
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. ii. 114 The Emperour in his rage will doome her death. 1669Dryden Tyrannic Love ii. i, The Gods adjudg'd it Parricide, By dooming the Event on Cæsar's Side. 1712–4Pope Rape Lock ii. 110 Whether Heav'n has doom'd that Shock must fall. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xv. (1862) 227 Buckingham, whose fall he perceived was doomed.
6. intr. To give judgement; to judge, decide. Obs. or arch.
1591Greene Maiden's Dreame xlii. 2 Doctors that well could doom of Holy Writ. 1662Cokaine Ovid i. iii. Dram. Wks. (1874) 228, I shall, in my opinion, doom aright, But wish that Jove had chose some other wight. 1876Morris Sigurd 259 They drink in the hall together, they doom in the people's strife.
Hence doomed ppl. a., ˈdooming vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1596Drayton Legends iv. 62 For which immedicable Blow..Me dooming Heaven ordain'd. 1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xv. 24 A dooming to death. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. 241 The..doomed city.
▪ III. doom
obs. f. dome, dumb; var. of doum. |